考博英语语法重点总结 Nln`fE/Ht
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ,`k _|//}=
独立主格特征 j^f lwk
1. 充当句子的状语。 -$ (Jk<
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 H~noJIw#
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 h.)h@$d
4. With + 名词 6i .gyD
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） Lxv6!?v|
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. >nzu],
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. %Y]=1BRk}
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 5G(3vR
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真题剖析 *wuqa) q2
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. qFco3
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because [U>@ ,BH
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Z& Y=`GOI
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be a2w T6jY
虚拟语气 lx |5?P
虚拟语气（2） -`b8T0?oK
1. （should）+动词原形 =w$tvo/
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 fpWg R4__
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 *T`-|H*6@
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 #>[a{<;Kn
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 Y ^KTkS0D
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 2f>PO +4S{
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) ( #D*P l
真题剖析 'G&{GVbXY
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … dq\FBwfe
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t Ea6
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 2I/xJ+
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ,L pix nm]
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. KLoE&ds
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take j;b42G~p
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. L< ^j"!0
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Q=mI 9
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should P{OAV+cG
非谓语动词 =Prb'8 W
动名词、分词、不定式。 1MlU G5
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) qfY5Ww
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ncu`vYI.
真题剖析 +4;uF]T
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. (*}
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ) J]9 lW&y
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. l^GP3S
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative }%b;vzkG5
主谓一致 \B F*m"lz
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 <q*oV
How you got there doesn’t concern me. T |J9cgtS
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. E )Gw0]G
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 glD cUCF3
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. d->|EJP
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 rX_@Ihv'
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 +$4(zP s@
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). sn
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 +uay(3m((
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 9T#;,{VQ
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) U*90m~)
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） V5+SWXZ
He no less than John is interested in literature. J>fQN W!{
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) g^*<f8 ~d
Either my father or my brothers are coming. N0hE4t
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. }VDqj}is
真题剖析 8X bA'% o
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. !9 fz(9
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some
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倒装 \*=7#Vd
全部倒装 h iN EJ_f
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 7 |DHplI
There stand big buildings in this district. >0Q|nCx
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. wAnb
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2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) zYl#
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. sz9L 8f2
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 OY?y ^45 y
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. N},n `Yl.
4. 表语位于句首 0uBl>A7qhn
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. `x rmT t
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Not far from here is a famous university. r|,i'T
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 `^lYw:xA
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. McPNB`.H
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ;sHN/e F
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） *Q1~ S]g
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. z({hiVs
部分倒装 8Jz:^ k:
1. 疑问句 {d?$m*YR3`
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） jsNF#yE>
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. & w=3
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3. “only+状语”位于句首 j(~ *'&|(
Only when he comes back can be leave. q 4V7
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ;'-o lW ~
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. OQ9x*TmK
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ZY:[ekm%4Z
By no means should you break the rules. -j&Tc` j_
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Bn!$UUC
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 cHa]xmy%r'
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 8XsguC
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people.
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
