SCI 不会写?其实英语基础好一点，文献多看一点，多写写自然就能自己写出来了。当然，你肯定会说英语真的好难，好吧，就知道你们懒得学英语了。给你们整理了一套万能模板，涵盖了论文不同部分的常用句型。 g ]d@X_ &D
请搬好板凳前排就坐，收好资料。 qWr
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摘要：描述观点的重要性 N
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1. One of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is ...... "\>
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2. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the ..... *D`,z3/*
3. X is the leading cause of death in western industrialised countries. ?(ks =rRK
4. X is a common disorder characterised by ...... ^t
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5. Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and ...... PhW# =S
6. Xs are the most potent anti-infammatory agents known. I80.|KIv
7. X is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in Y. {!E<hQ2<$9
8. In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for ...... v< ;, x
9. In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key factor in ....... SD TX0v
10. The issue of X has received considerable critical attention. e6{/e
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11. X is a major public health problem, and the cause of about 4% of the global burden of disease. %L~X\M:Qk
12. X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics. 13. Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of ....... 14. X is at the heart of our understanding of ...... "7gS*v,r
摘要：强调该研究领域的一个重要问题 A$|> Jt
1. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ...... ]c$%;!ZE
2. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ...... zwAuF%U
3. Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.
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4. Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks: ,j2qY'wi
5. However, research has consistently shown that first year students have notattained an adequate understanding of ......There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ...... 1 w\Y ._jK
6. Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use. )w/f 'fq
7. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ...... > % d]"]
描述方法：描述不同的方法 m,=
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1. To date various methods have been developed and introduced to measure X: (U-p&q>z
2. In most recent studies, X is measured in four different ways. PqvwM2}4
3. Radiographic techniques are the main non-invasive method used to determine .... E
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4. Different authors have measured X in a variety of ways. d
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5. Previous studies have based their criteria for selection on ...... eIg2m <9u
6. A variety of methods are used to assess X. Each has its advantages and drawbacks. r$ 0=b
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7. Data were gathered from multiple sources at various time points during the 2007–2008 academic year. c~ c3;
解释为何采用一个特殊的方法 $ar:5kif
1. The semi-structured approach was chosen because ...... Jr1^qY`0+
2. Smith et al (1994) identify several advantages of the case study, ....... ?g<*1N?:
3. It was decided that the best method to adopt for this investigation was to ...... WqTW@-}I D
4. A case study approach was chosen to allow a ......
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5. The design of the questionnaires was based on ...... uj8]\MY
6. The X method is one of the more practical ways of ...... vtvr{Uqo@
7. It was considered that quantitative measures would usefully supplement and extend the qualitative analysis. OFUN hbg
8. Many of the distributions were not normal so non-parametric signed rank tests were run. rj{'X /
9. The X approach has a number of attractive features: ...... [
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讨论：背景信息 ~oaVH.[e=
1. A strong relationship between X and Y has been reported in the literature. b?bIxCA8
2. Prior studies that have noted the importance of ...... V7^?jy&&
3. In reviewing the literature, no data was found on the association between X and Y. g%\e80~1 (
4. As mentioned in the literature review, ...... :I&iDS>u1
5. Very little was found in the literature on the question of ..... r
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6. This study set out with the aim of assessing the importance of X in ...... G\P*zz Sq
7. The third question in this research was ...... j*6!7u.,K
8. It was hypothesized that participants with a history of ...... ]|732Z
9. The present study was designed to determine the effect of ......
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讨论：陈述结果 `zep`j& 8^
1. The results of this study show/indicate that ....... 6X X5 K @
2. This experiment did not detect any evidence for ...... c 9ghR0WM
3. On the question of X, this study found that ...... m:"2I&0)WM
4. The current study found that ...... \64(`6>
5. The most interesting finding was that ...... 7l:H~"9r
6. Another important finding was that ..... >U) ,^H(
7. The results of this study did not show that ....../did not show any WcUeWGC>
8. significant increase in ...... `rs1!ZJ,
9. In the current study, comparing X with Y showed that the mean degree of ...... + osY
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10. In this study, Xs were found to cause ..... *tP,Ol
11.X provided the largest set of significant clusters of ...... e`_3= kI
12. It is interesting to note that in all seven cases of this study...... -> <_J4
结论：概括内容 X5<L
1. This paper has given an account of and the reasons for the widespread use of X ...... >|rL0
2. This essay has argued that X is the best instrument to ...... A"P1 B ]
3. This assignment has explained the central importance of X in Y. 1w5p *U0 ;
4. This dissertation has investigated ...... tdt6*
结论：重申研究目的 RP(FV<ot
1. This study set out to determine ...... _ wqFKj
2. The present study was designed to determine the effect of ....... }
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3. In this investigation, the aim was to assess ...... ](0A/,#q6
4. The purpose of the current study was to determine ...... 979L] H#
5. This project was undertaken to design ...... and evaluate ..... B
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6. Returning to the hypothesis/question posed at the beginning of this study, it is now possible to state that ..... v'iQLUgI
参考文献：相关文献概览 W>, b1_k
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1. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ...... I]$kVa1iN
2. There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of ...... B$lbp03z
3. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ...... Yhx~5p
4. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic. wDSU~\
5. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ...... %8$wod6
6. During the past 30 years much more information has become available on ...... |Rab'9U^
7. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on ....... 8.A ;
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8. A large and growing body of literature has investigated ...... P|6m%y
参考文献：以往研究或学术活动相关文献 }y0UyOa{ C
1. Many historians have argued that ...... (eg. Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994) u{_T,k<!
2. Numerous studies have attempted to explain ..... (for example, Smith , 1996; Kelly, 1998; Johnson, 2002) WFh!re%Z
3. Recent evidence suggests that ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) 2Hq!YsJ4]
4. Recently, in vitro studies have shown that T.thermophylus EFTu can ...... (Patel et al., 1997;Jones et al., 1998). K1 C#
5. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that ...... >o [T#U
6. Several attempts have been made to ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) bG
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7. Several studies have revealed that it is not just X that acts on ...... (Smith, 1996; Jones ....... Fs=nAn#
8. Several biographies of Harris have been published. Smith presents an ........ account, whilst Jones ..... 1Ju{IEV
9. Several studies investigating X have been carried out on ...... L'Wcb
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10. Data from several sources have identified the increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity fY6&PuDf.
11. Previous studies have reported ...... (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1992). \C>I6{
12. Previous research findings into X have been inconsistent and contradictory (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999, ...... G.BqT\ o'
13. A number of studies have found that ...... (Smith , 2003; Jones, 2004). vUCU%>F
14. Twenty cohort study analyses have examined the relationship between ....... Q"(i
15. At least 152 case-control studies worldwide have examined the relationship between...... x2nNkd0h
16. Other studies have considered the relationship ......
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17. The relationship between X and Y has been widely investigated (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987, ....... fa6L+wt4O
18. The causes of X have been widely investigated (Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994). &K\ di*kN
19. The geology of X has been addressed in several smallscale investigations and ....... $w65/
20. Xs have been identified as major contributing factors for the decline of many species (1). b _6j77
21. X has also been shown to reverse the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids in murine- induced arthritis (11). |M+ !O93
22. It has been suggested that levels of X are independent of the size of the Y (Smith et al., 1995) It has conclusively been shown that X and Y increase Z (Smith et al., 1999; Jones, 2001 ...... XCk \#(VSE
23. It has been demonstrated that a high intake of X results in damage to ...... (Smith, 1998; ...... kdv>QZ
文章重点：当前理论存在的问题、局限性 Ddu$49{S:
1. One question that needs to be asked, however, is whether ...... ++FMkeHZ
2. A serious weakness with this argument, however, is that ...... =*I>MgCJ
3. One of the limitations with this explanation is that it does not explain why...4. One criticism of much of the literature on X is that ...... 0lW}l9}'-
5. The key problem with this explanation is that ...... ,qC_[PUT
6. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y. 6>KDK<5NQ
7. However, there is an inconsistency with this argument. oS]XE!^M
8. Smith's argument relies too heavily on qualitative analysis of ...... *VD-c
9. It seems that Jones' understanding of the X framework is questionable. Smith's interpretation overlooks much of the historical research ...... l3.HL> o
10. One major criticism of Smith's work is that ..... =>ignoeI
11. Many writers have challenged Jones' claim on the grounds that ....... uWgY+ T
12. X's analysis does not take account of ..... nor does he examine ...... f v}h;?C
文章重点：研究方法存在的问题、局限性 P=V~/,>SZ!
1. Another problem with this approach is that it fails to take X into account. obY5taOw
2. Perhaps the most serious disadvantage of this method is that ..... k(V#{
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3. Difficulties arise, however, when an attempt is made to implement the policy. $n>.;CV
4. Nevertheless, the strategy has not escaped criticism from governments, agencies and academics.
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5. One major drawback of this approach is that ...... P1)9OE
6. The main limitation of biosynthetic incorporation, however, is ...... l'mgjv~
7. However, this method of analysis has a number of limitations. pO x0f;'G+
8. However, approaches of this kind carry with them various well known limitations. F4KXx^~o
9. All the studies reviewed so far, however, suffer from the fact that ....... 1?Wk qQ
10. However, there are limits to how far the idea of/concept of X can be taken. U%"v7G-
11. However, such explanations tend to overlook the fact that...... \_0nH`
12. However, one of the problems with the instrument the researchers used to measure X was ...... eSJ5YeY)
描述实验方法：强调一个特殊的方法 l2._Z
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1. Article references were searched further for additional relevant publications. Articles were searched from January 1965 until April 2008. O57
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2. Publications were only included if ....... iVwI}%k
3. X was prepared according to the procedure used by Patel et al. (1957). e=Kf<ZQt
4. The synthesis of X was done according to the procedure of Smith (1973). \za 0?b
5. X was synthesised using the same method that was detailed for Y, using ...... 0c
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6. This compound was prepared by adapting the procedure used by Zhao et al. (1990). 6f{K j)
7. For this study the X was used to explore the subsurface ...... &Z#g/Hc
8. An alternative method for making scales homogenous is by using ..... Xw_AZ-|1D
描述实验方法：描述样品的特性 ~ *ST fyFw
1. The initial sample consisted of 200 students of whom 13 did not complete all of the interviews [y&yy|*\
2. All studies described as using some sort of X procedure were included in the analysis. {f<2VeJ
3. A systematic literature review was conducted of studies that ..... =0
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4. All of the participants were aged between 18 and 19 at the beginning of the study..... nj]l'~Y0
5. Two groups of subjects were interviewed, namely X and Y. The first group were ...... ot8UuBq
6. A random sample of patients with ...... was recruited from ....... $!H;,Jxv
7. Forty-seven students studying X were recruited for this study. s\@RJ[(<
8. The students were divided into two groups based on their performance on ...... 6Q"fRXM
9. The project used a convenience sample of 32 first year modern languages students. MZZEqsD5 [
10. Just over half the sample (53%) was female, of whom 69% were ...... Nb( c;|nV
11. Participants were recruited from 15 clinics across ......, covering urban and rural areas ...... U["'>&B
12. Eligibility criteria required individuals to have received .... vtk0 j
13. Five individuals were excluded form the study on the basis of .... `bY >f_5+
14. Eligible women who matched the selection criteria were identified by ...... #Ie/|
15. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 17 male offenders with a mean age of 38 years KxhMPvN'
16. A comparison group of 12 male subjects without any history of X was drawn from a pool of ....... ;&RBg+Pr
描述实验过程：目的不明确 -Ri/I4 Xj
1. In order to identify the T10 and T11 spinous processes, the subjects were asked to ...... (#KSwWo{ed
2. In order to understand how X regulates Y, a series of transfections was performed. z_nv|5"
3. To enable the subjects to see the computer screen clearly, the laptop was configured with ...... 5 6w6=I s
4. To see if the two methods gave the same measurement, the data was plotted and ...... ,6@
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5. To control for bias, measurements were carried out by another person. \USl 9*E
6. To measure X, a question asking ...... was used. eO% w
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7. To determine whether ......, KG-1 cells were incubated for ...... gV ~_m
8. To establish whether ......, "}*5'e.*
9. To increase the reliability of measures, each X was tested twice with a 4-min break between ....... ]"q9 ~
10. To compare the scores three weeks after initial screening, a global ANOVA F-test was used The vials were capped with ..... to prevent volatisation. GW{e"b/x
11. In an attempt to make each interviewee feel as comfortable as possible, the interviewer ...... g A+p^`;[
描述实验过程：其他描绘实验过程的句型 )@(IhU )
1. For the purpose of height measurement, subjects were asked to stand ..... l/xpAx
2. For the purpose of analysis, 2 segments were extracted from each ...... E>_N|j)9
3. For the estimation of protein concentration, 100 μL of protein sample was mixed with ...... T:/m k`>
文献简介 Z; 6N 7 U
1. Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y. uE
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2. In the past two decades a number of researchers have sought to determine ...... p`qy57
3. Previous studies have reported ...... E|_J
4. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ...... >bR oQ 8
5. Smith (1984: 217) shows how, in the past, research into X was mainly concerned with ....... "50 c<sZSB
6. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) showed that ...... z u_bno!
7. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ...... yOTC>?p%
8. Recent evidence suggests that ....... :@@aIFRv
9. Several attemps have been made to ...... 4$ oDq
10. A number of researchers have reported ...... 1`Z:/]hl
11. Xs were reported in the first models of Y (e.g., Smith, 1977; Smith, & Patel, 1977). lJvfgP-j
12. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ...... Studies of X show the importance of ..... B%n|%g6K|h
强调研究领域存在的问题 vJj}$Al I
1. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ...... #J'V,_ wH
2. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ...... B4/\=MXb
3. Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks: s|vx2-Cu]
4. However, research has consistently shown that first year students have not attained an adequate understanding of ...... sa?s[
5. There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ...... 0e +Qn&$#4
6. Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use. k
1l K`p
7. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ...... ~ K@p`CRbV
强调研究领域存在的争议 =d BK,/
1. To date there has been little agreement on what ...... gq ~K(Q<O<
2. More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about ..... C1==a FD
3. One observer has already drawn attention to the paradox in ...... BU<Qp$ &
4. In many Xs a debate is taking place between Ys and Zs concerning ...... Y )68
5. The controversy about scientific evidence for X has raged unabated for over a century. eRm*+l|?
6. Debate continues about the best strategies for the management of ...... LFAefl\
7. This concept has recently been challenged by ....... studies demonstrating ....... 6!@p$ pm)a
强调研究领域的知识差距 Tmk'rOg5
1. So far, however, there has been little discussion about ...... q*<FfO=eQ
2. Little is known about X and it is not clear what factors ....... "^)$MA Z
3. However, far too little attention has been paid to ...... *SYu
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4. In addition, no research has been found that surveyed ....... 5Mp$u756
5. So far this method has only been applied to ...... +^q- v-
6. This indicates a need to understand the various perceptions of poverty that exist among ......
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7.However, the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive ...... Jq:Wt+a
8.What is not yet clear is the impact of X on ...... G
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9.The neurobiological basis of this X is poorly understood. :j [=
10. However, much uncertainty still exists about the relation between ...... nTE\EZ+=2
11. Until recently, there has been no reliable evidence that ...... Iv{uk$^7S
12. However, there have been no controlled studies which compare differences in ...... bSW~hyI w
13. Several studies have produced estimates of X (Smith, 2002; Jones, 2003), but there is still insufficient data for ..... 2]5ux!Lqln
14. No previous study has investigated X 0? ''v>%
15. Although extensive research has been carried out on ...., no single study exists which .... .. **] =!W
强调前人研究的不足之处 L2%n pps
1. Most studies in the field of X have only focussed on ...... m[%P3
2. Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas. !]MGIh#u
3. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic. z
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4. The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about ...... @Ll^z e&HI
5. Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they ..... ^@$T> SB1
6. However, few writers have been able to draw on any structured research into the opinions and attitudes of ...... VO<P9g$UD
7. The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y. loD:4e1
8. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y. t?FPmbj v
9. Researchers have not treated X in much detail. p@3 <{kLm
10. Previous studies of X have not dealt with ...... H284
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11. Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether ...... ]e I|_O^u
12. However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature .... DuRC1@e
13. Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which adequately covers ...... KS;Wr6]@(O
14. However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if these differences still persist. zrV~7$HL
15. X's analysis does not take account of ..... nor does he examine ...... (X|lK.W y
重申研究目的 ? V})2wwP
1. Part of the aim of this project is to develop software that is compatible with X operating system. % `j2?rn
2. The main purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of ...... cK t8e^P
3. There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate ...... 2. To ascertain ...... cC$E"m
4. The aim of this research project has therefore been to try and establish what ...... KRh?{
5. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between ...... ZRYHsl{F+
6. The main aim of this investigation is to assess the doses and risks associated with ...... _'P!>C!
7. This thesis intends to determine the extent to which ...... and whether ..... %loe8yt
8. This thesis will examine the way in which the ....... SI;SnF'[7
9. This research examines the emerging role of X in the context of ...... !}Ty
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10. This dissertation seeks to explain the development of ....... M9wj
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11. This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of ..... X
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12. Drawing upon two stands of research into X, this study attempts to ...... ET q~, g'
13. The aim of ths study is to shine new light on these debates through an examination of ......
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14. The major objective of this study was to investigate ...... D4ud|$s1
15. One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were ...... ' q{|p+
16. The objectives of this research are to determine ...... +#g?rCz
17. This study therefore set out to assess the effect of management by ......, and the effect of ...... e[J0+
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18. This study systematically reviews the data for......, aiming to provide clarity surrounding the role of ..... t
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研究问题/假设 =]F15:%Z q
1. The central question in this dissertation asks how ...... hG.~[#[&6
2. In particular, this dissertation will examine six main research questions: /,2${$c!
3. The hypothesis that will be tested is that ...... X&({`Uw<K
4. The key research question of this study was thus whether or not ...... &B>YiA
5. This study aimed to address the following research questions: IQCIc@5
6. Another question is whether ...... k{j (Gb2sp
介绍方法、数据的来源 kDr0D$iE
1. This dissertation follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of ...... 2. This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature. U^{'"x+
3. The approach to empirical research adopted for this study was one of a qualitative, semi- structured interview methodology. $NhKqA`0
4. By employing qualitative modes of enquiry, I attempt to illuminate the ...... cak
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This work takes the form of a case-study of the ...... $@:z4S(
5. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation. \~bE|jWbj
6. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide both descriptive, interpretive and empirical data. (@1*-4l
7. A holistc approach is utilised, integrating literary, numanistic and archeological material to establish ......
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8. The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: ..... D$
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9. The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via ....... 5KFd
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10. Five works will be examined, all of which ..... eb>YvC
表明局限性 RAW(lZ(
1. Due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of ...... It is beyond the scope of this study to examine the .......The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on a small sample of ...... &r
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2. Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad. A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study. j Pf*qe>U
概况研究框架 *k#M;e
1. The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including this introductory chapter. *Pj W,
2. My thesis is composed of four themed chapters. 9@."Y>1 G
3. Chapter Two begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks at how ...... ` 'y[i
4. The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study. ) b
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5. The fourth section presents the findings of the research, focusing on the three key themes that have been identified in analysis. Z:PsQ~M
6. Chapter 6 analyses the results of interviews and focus group discussions undertaken during the course of this research, ...... GKNH{|B$D
7. The final chapter draws upon the entire thesis, tying up the various theoretical and empirical strands in order to ...... $Z ;?d@6yI
8. Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings, tj_+0J$sw:
9. ......and includes a discussion of the implication of the findings to future research into this area. 1>SCY _C v
10. ...... Finally, areas for further research are identified. {D
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解释关键术语 AZC bUkq
1. While a variety of definitions of the term X have been suggested, this dissertation will use the definition first suggested by Smith (1968) who saw it as ....... tGs=08 `
2. Throughout this paper the term X will refer to/will be used to refer to ....... / 1jb8w'
3. In this dissertation the acronym/abbreviation XYZ will be used. r>hkm 53
4. According to ...... (2000) X can be defined as follows; " X is one of ...... " Q4_+3-g<7L
5. The term X is a relatively new name for ...... commonly referred to as .... 8h#/b1\
