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主题 : 博士论文写作套路笔记总结
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楼主  发表于: 2006-12-01   

博士论文写作套路笔记总结

议论文三要素:论点、论据、论证 1`z^Xk8vt  
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考试类型有三类: ;\[ el<Y)s  
Fo86WP}  
一、 表明观点型 pcl '!8&7  
直接表明观点 X \GB:#:X  
在两个观点中选择一个进行表达 4EtP|  
>nA6w$  
二、 比较分析型 !W3bHy:C"  
比较两个立场之后确定自己的立场 eO?.8OM-a  
nC;2wQ6aO  
三、 原因/结果型 Y Cbt(nmr  
讨论某一现象的根源或者其后果 vsU1Lzna6@  
`NNr]__  
真题分析:  {Hp*BE   
d l<7jM?  
表明观点: w?LDaSz\t  
97/Explain the roles that scientists i& ,Wg8#R  
play in society. Vs0T*4C=n  
OB{d^e}  
2002.3/With her entry into the WTO, China ZI8*PX%2  
is being plunged into an international cJ> #jl&  
competition for talents, and in particular, for S3oSc<&2  
higher level talents. To face this new challenge, t"]+}]O  
china must do something, among other things, snW=9b)m  
to reform her graduate (postgraduate) :XP/`%:  
education system. State your opinion about 9ne13 qVm+  
this reform, and give the solid supporting v[O}~E7'  
details to your viewpoint. +oT/ v3,  
YgN:$+g5  
2003/10 My idea of professional ethics for !M&Qca2  
a scientist. *C*'J7  
c9c_7g'q-  
2001/科大 Write an article of about 300 N`JkEd7TT  
words in which you explain the value of ^"?fZSC  
education. %}nNwuJ  
VT; Vm 3\  
99/To what extent should university courses be ?Bdhn{_  
geared to the economic needs of the society? ka^sOC+Y  
Discuss. YA:7^-Bv  
w'/ Mn+  
2002/10 As a young scientist, which life would "\x<Zg;  
you prefer to live: common or uncommon? `k 5'nnyP  
Why? 8)wxc1  
IsC`r7  
98/ In China more and more young couples %l#i9$s  
living in the city prefer to live a life without r? w^#V  
children. Do you support this idea or not? cQ?eL,z  
Please comment and state your viewpoint. nI63Ns  
UcHe"mn  
比较分析: q, 8TOn  
X4c|*U=4  
99/To what extent should university courses be rY~!hZ  
geared to the economic needs of the society? _\d[`7#  
Discuss. ,u:J"epM  
i; qb\  
2002/10 As a young scientist, which life would &$1ifG   
you prefer to live: common or uncommon? JZa^GW:YQh  
Why? ;V=Y#|o  
{Tps3{|wt  
98/ In China more and more young couples d3m!34ml  
living in the city prefer to live a life without 6/%dD DU  
children. Do you support this idea or not? 4dEfXrMf  
Please comment and state your viewpoint. iOFp9i=j  
K-a~Kr  
附加/The advantages and disadvantages P?#I9y7iP  
of internet \4/zvlo]h  
nRE(Rb Re  
附加/The advantages and disadvantages am'11a@*  
of cell phones ~yGD("X  
1I=>0 c  
附加/The advantages and disadvantages yobcAV`  
of college enrollment expansion / S 9(rI<'  
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原因/结果: i7%v2_  
99/What do you think the self detached }MCh$  
from the social and cultural context? !LunoC>B  
l\HLlwYO  
附加/What do you think of the tendency that c*k%r2'  
cities are becoming bigger and bigger. .Wr%l $~  
I: L}7uA[t  
附加/What do you think of the phenomenon _ s1pif  
that raising pets is becoming more and more Qf>$'C(7!a  
popular in today’s society. j& H4L  
N4xC Zb  
附加/What effects that popularity of =hP7 Hea(N  
computer knowledge will bring about? 0E<xzYo  
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实例分析: $$5E+UDOs  
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表明观点: 4GN  
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直接表明:  jO5,PTV  
Is failure a bad thing B&M-em=  
It is unlikely that one does not fail to do q;)+O#CR  
something in his life because no one can R^ln-H;  
overcome the limitations in him. Sometimes g0Ff$-#7  
we cannot make an achievement though we BKV,V/*p  
have worked hard, for we have no chance of vT&) 5nN  
success. Therefore, failure is quite common in _1hiNh$  
life and career. QyEGK  
\Qgc7ev  
phone yU{Q`6u T  
The popularity of telephone makes more l(<=JUO;  
and more people rarely write to their JS^QfT,zE  
families or friends, for a call seems able %@~;PS3kd  
to do everything. Since a phone is so direct L|*0 A=6  
and convenient, why not make full use of it? fN!lXPgM  
GL^84[f-T  
Work and play Pe,:FIp,  
“There are twenty-four hours in a day. Some e a3f`z  
for work some for play.” This is the first poem c]+uj q  
I have learned in English many years ago. I u==`]\_@  
can still remember it today, not only because it 5@-[[ $dk  
is easy to recite but also because there is 51Q m2,P1^  
something there. This is quite true because we %jErLg  
human beings, unlike machines, have flesh and A?+0Ce&qL  
blood, soul and feelings. We cannot work all >>b <)?3Rv  
the time without any form of play. 7@NV|Idtd  
!zZ3F|+HB  
比较之后表明: %E k!3t  
(Zz8 ldO  
With the development of the living 6BdK)s  
standard, some Chinese families can afford a O\+b1+&b3Y  
private car. Yet opinions of the development of L:_GpZ_  
private cars vary from person to person. Some @QO^3%b8  
claim that there are many advantages in owning Ju@8_ ?8=  
a car, others strongly object to developing QF4)@ r{2x  
private cars. In my opinion, a private car can v vzPt.ag  
bring us a lot of conveniences. _O3X;U7rc  
p~3 (nk<+  
With the development of the living standard, r]=Z :  
some Chinese families can afford a private car. i?:#lbw_  
Yet opinions of the development of private  Eyq4w  
cars vary from person to person. Some claim V.-cm51I  
that there are many advantages in owning a g%_ 3  
car, others strongly object to developing `>Ms7G9S~e  
private cars. In my opinion, there are many PS3jCT  
good reasons against owning a car.
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