英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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!Vn 一般时
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H7p3 进行时
WKqNJN C +GgWd=X.Y 完成时
Vy{=Y(cpF2 J & +s 完成进行时
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;< 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
' G -]> 1okL]VrI 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
18Pc4~ > 0 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
95aa should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
! k||-Q & 一般过去时的用法
`l1{BU CY0|.x 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
Dz]&|5'N When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
@W=#gRqQPy Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
/lm;.7_J+ 7h<Q{X<A 2）句型：
%U)/>Z It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
7NMQUN7k ' It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
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A# It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
*Z KI02M It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
s,"<+80% would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
c7q1;X{: I'd rather you came tomorrow.
X + *@ '73dsOTIT 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
Y;p _ff I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
#!OCEiT_ )~T)$TS 比较：
4 g b2$" ! 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
EJ.oq*W!*J Christine was an invalid all her life.
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(含义：她已不在人间。)
-f#0$Z/0 Christine has been an invalid all her life.
yN5 g]U. Q (含义：她现在还活着)
Q$G a.fI Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
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?- (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
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{ Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
'+?AaR&p? ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
:`2<SF^0O hq6fDRO/4 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
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B+;i'D 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
}7 RR",w Did you want anything else?
D!h8NZ;El I wondered if you could help me.
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d8$ 2）情态动词 could, would.
N#Y%+ 1 Could you lend me your bike?
FAfk;<#'n+ 一般将来时
wdS^`nz| 2qo=ud =<e|<EwSZ 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
X |q&0W= will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
T1m" 1Q Which paragraph shall I read first.
vp? 87h Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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Q]&:%^\ SUINV_>7 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
"CLoM\M) a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
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Bw What are you going to do tomorrow?
N:GS fM@g b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
dF:@BE o the play is going to be produced next month。
DZ9 2; m c. 有迹象要发生的事
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ki$=}+ Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
lYmqFd~p ^q5~;_z| 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
C93BK)$} We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
J( J sfU4 rl4B(NZi} 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
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0B He is about to leave for Beijing.
) DXN|<A 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
zs
e<b/G1G 现在进行时
"RMBV}<T 5LdVcXf 6w(Mb~ [n Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
Hy ^E m (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
x=T`i-M She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
sd9$4k" c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
=F'p#N0_2 the leaves are turning red.
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It's getting warmer and warmer.
B!-hcn]y d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
wgfA\7Z You are always changing your mind.
LOQo i8j bwo-9B 典型例题
CT,caa My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
kR$>G2$! A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
#[0:5$-[ 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
i)9}+M 5 过去进行时
_nu,ks+ JwCv(1$GM 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
ALvj)I`Al d\aKGq;8C 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
?~~sOf AP <i{O\K ]9 3) 常用的时间状语
uo0g51% 9 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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E"iE2 $jT& ]p My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
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zi It was raining when they left the station.
! `5[(lm When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
qu]c h&"?U X-1<YG 典型例题
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1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
nk.Y#+1) A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
dFY]~_P472 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
] jbQou@ k. bzh. 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
\#4??@+Xf read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
RmS|X"zc 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
&8'.Gw m} 比较过去时与现在完成时
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!sda6?& 一般过去时的时间状语:
xml@]N*D#E yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
#Mo`l/Cwp JFa xxW 共同的时间状语:
`5 py6, this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
_^4\z*x dz/'
m 7 现在完成时的时间状语
:xw2\:5~0 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
RZ)sCR 不确定的时间状语
B{|g+c% X! 5N2x 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
;/ i"W 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
,4y' (DA 举例：
Z=%+U _, I saw this film yesterday.
r\]yq -_ （强调看的动作发生过了。）
V~LZ%NZ8 I have seen this film.
||v=in （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
UnNvlkjq9 Why did you get up so early?
y e!Bfz> （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
^ _4TDC~h Who hasn't handed in his paper?
h"VQFqQy （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
"cjZ6^Hum She has returned from Paris.
XfA3Ez,} 她已从巴黎回来了。
!mFo:nQ)} She returned yesterday.
$mm =$. 她是昨天回来了。
rUfW 0 He has been in the League for three years.
lJ]r %YlF (在团内的状态可延续)
K#M
h He has been a League member for three years.
q0WW^jwQ (是团员的状态可持续)
FzmCS@yA He joined the League three years ago.
2rHw5Wn]~ ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
KsY T3 I have finished my homework now.
}yqRz6=YB BOJ h-(>I ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
ez Tu1-m ---He's already been sent for.
H%7V)" 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
cJA0$)JP& （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
&Pxt6M\d （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
