英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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Q, . mO8 ~Z 一般时
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fHp.3 进行时
r,IekFBs )Rb t0 完成时
L T`T~|pz dbEXl m 完成进行时
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{j3 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
X(d:!-_m * _G -6G=q 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
Tg@G-6u0c 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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6xP should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
2<0".5+I 一般过去时的用法
[8tpU &J h){ #dU+& 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
[W[awGf When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
d/oD]aAEr Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
0 nI*9 tD}{/`{_t 2）句型：
b?Q$UMAbH It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
\Qnr0t@0 It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
m|?1HCRXRI It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
2HE<WI^#h It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
&u"mFweS would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
*pS3xit~ I'd rather you came tomorrow.
'd QGb-<_< %|/\Qu 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
]x& R=)P I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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FYM 2 WKIO|' 比较：
OHngpe4 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
k J .7C Christine was an invalid all her life.
c0jTQMe4yl (含义：她已不在人间。)
_ ,Q -)\ Christine has been an invalid all her life.
Mp5Z=2l 5 (含义：她现在还活着)
) cOBP}j+ Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
:[_k .1-+ (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Frx_aGLH1 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
| t$%kpp ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
/^si(BuC^* "0>AefFd# 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
GIkVU6Q} 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
{>ghX_m | Did you want anything else?
HR'F I wondered if you could help me.
K[V#Pj9 2）情态动词 could, would.
&xC5Mecb* Could you lend me your bike?
KpQ@cc 一般将来时
d<cQYI4V &6\E'bBt 7Sycy#D 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
? a*yK8S will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
)h%tEY$AJ Which paragraph shall I read first.
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`(O Will you be at home at seven this evening?
#("E) P * @ S+J$ 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
Qyj:!-o a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
0n?^I>j What are you going to do tomorrow?
-0*z"a9<p8 b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
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thk the play is going to be produced next month。
ir;az{T#U c. 有迹象要发生的事
(=Lx9-u Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
FCt %of# >\1j`/ :ZI 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
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|s!~ We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
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, ^ Kl :x?"g) 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
0{47 TX*YX He is about to leave for Beijing.
P[gYENQ 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
t "[2^2G 现在进行时
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Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
I KeO&]k (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
%Wg8dy| She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
Cfst)[j c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
f] kG%JEK the leaves are turning red.
bR83N It's getting warmer and warmer.
hyC]{E d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
5}'W8gV? You are always changing your mind.
~d=Y98'xS yH',vC. 典型例题
6F3FcUL My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
d01]5'f?o A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
D ~t 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
:Mnl 1;oh 过去进行时
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8JM.:, 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
yo!Y%9 7toDk$jJRg 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
8@d@T V!n& C5 EaP%s 3) 常用的时间状语
\~I>@SG2W+ this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
- ~`)V`@ %HcCe[d5l ~ qezr\$2 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
v1\/ dQK It was raining when they left the station.
^_G@a, When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
trMwFp fu `]wk)50BVp 典型例题
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1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
p?'&P! A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
^W ,~ 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
@5*$yi 'Cp b-HELS`nX 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
E5g|*M.+f read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
&r1]A& 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
L4or*C^3 比较过去时与现在完成时
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L4P-4' 一般过去时的时间状语:
QfRo`l/V9 yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
d VyT ` U}DLzn|w 共同的时间状语:
cr ~.],$Om this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
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*H($ a 现在完成时的时间状语
3 >mAZZL5[ for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
*1,4#8tB 不确定的时间状语
Ix+eP|8F % {ory5 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
]Wtg.y6; 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
"D'"uMS`H 举例：
iAZbh"I I saw this film yesterday.
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`\J,%J I have seen this film.
D.gD4g_O/ （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
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) Why did you get up so early?
B_
bZa （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
`RXlqj#u Who hasn't handed in his paper?
R]3j6\ （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
P=l 7m*m She has returned from Paris.
Z" $iB-] 她已从巴黎回来了。
v2k@yx t( She returned yesterday.
vIf-TQw 她是昨天回来了。
8Oz9 Uc G He has been in the League for three years.
xxA^A (在团内的状态可延续)
88l1g, `** He has been a League member for three years.
d:"7Tw2v+ (是团员的状态可持续)
M4(57b[` He joined the League three years ago.
u U%Z%O ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
gegM&X o I have finished my homework now.
u bRhJ~XB }B_?7+ ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
(,KzyR=*' ---He's already been sent for.
S|af?IW 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
hV: ++g （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
K+"3H e （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
