过去完成时
a=R-F!P ) a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
ZSNg^)cN b. 状语从句
5cU8GgN` 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
EbQ} w"{ When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
8
_J:Yg c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
.+<K-'&= We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
y
~fy 0P:T 7o<RvM 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
0Ju{6x(|
He said that he had learned some English before.
o>YR Kb By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
y[cAU:P? Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
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Xqj%\ *uIHa" 典型例题
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a(8 the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
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3l;PY A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
?6Gq & 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
:MVD83?4 前一句应用过去进行时。
b+3pu\w ` }\W3a_,v) 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
}Y [.h=X had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
sYz:(hZS He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
Ah,Zm4: 用于现在完成时的句型
Oj:`r*z43 &^E k M [# _ceg1G 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
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8 AH_Fk It is the first time that I have visited the city.
]OVjq ? It was the third time that the boy had been late.
ZA!vxQ?P, 4l|Am3vzX 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
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:k$`_ This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
lBCM; #P 这是我看过的最好的电影。
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I n This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
0<Y)yNsV %>f:m!. 典型例题
np ~oF (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
?0.+DB
$ ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
=q._Qsj?fu A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
8Vq,J :+ 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
K1Tzy=Z9j AIE)q]'Q (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
X \ h]N ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
Hi ?],5,/ A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
4'{j'kuv 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
Dr ;@) 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
nI 6` / （错）I have received his letter for a month.
SO}Hc;Q1 ` （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
4 0Du*5M w_9:gprf 独立主格结构的特点：
tUt l>>6Iu 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
yXDf;`J 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
tn p ]wZ 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
bzZEwMc6 举例：
s,0,w--= the test finished, we began our holiday.
r| &qXb x = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
?bbguwo~F 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
J L]6o8x Jei W
z1t the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
^oA^z1>3 = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
Yh4e\]ql~N 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
yaeX-'(Fv[ NC0x!tJ#7 TVKuvKH8U Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
a?@j`@]ZR~ 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
4j/8Otn This done, we went home.
D telr=/s 工作完成后，我们才回家。
eRD s?n3F " >;},$ H +-9R the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
xez~Yw2 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
"M2HiV \U,.!'+ q
S2#= He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
^cd+W? 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
WG< D+P 'R? ;T[s% He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
p ^T0(\1 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
