过去完成时
UhN16|x a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
vQ/}E@?u b. 状语从句
1+6:K._C(m 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
M4
SJnE When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
j[l6 &eX c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
DP\s-JpI[ We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
P y7!_TX i{[=N9U5o 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
h 07Z.q ; He said that he had learned some English before.
#:C;VAAp By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
CvfX m Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
Ww5c9orXn MV
+R $ 典型例题
4;" ^1 $ the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
Gr9/@U + A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
jv $Y]nf 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
272j$T 前一句应用过去进行时。
kwxb~~S}h( Rs
+rlJq 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
EvZ;i^.8LS had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
[ZwZGAP He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
FR~Y O|4? 用于现在完成时的句型
Ynnp gR. k=w;jX&;` _;mN1Te 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
o(xRq;i It is the first time that I have visited the city.
Gvo (iOU It was the third time that the boy had been late.
_^4\z*x t~pA2?9@ 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
S,T?(lSl This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
[?)=3Pp 这是我看过的最好的电影。
_`lj
3Lm0> This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
N;,?k.vU qGMM3a)Q 典型例题
7HPLD&W Pt (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
, >Y
. ! ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
`.;7O27A^% A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
3DK^S2\zBm 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
6bnAVTL5 Y=X"Y
H| (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
^FgNg'"[3 ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
*wt y
yP@
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
X2@mQ&n 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
{ EJVZG:& 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
N( vbo （错）I have received his letter for a month.
(/YC\x? （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
};o R x) -Qnnzp$] 独立主格结构的特点：
%h|z) 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
FGwz5@ |E 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
N)poe2[
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
czMLvPXRx 举例：
XQj`KUO@ the test finished, we began our holiday.
=m} {g/Bk = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
IR/0gP 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
CW BsiL
f Kjz,p^Y\ the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
s ^)W?3t] = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
/c'#+!
19 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
EiJSLL ke3=s Nm,v E7M Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
_&F6As
!{ 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
4 uNcp0 This done, we went home.
#h r!7Kc;N 工作完成后，我们才回家。
>Y2Rr9 *f4KmiQ~ % t#P)KcWOt the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
m7RWu I, 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
|_w*:NCV5 dUe"qH29s 7PisX!c,h He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
g:2/!tujL 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
RuXK` y Sv 3)3'-wu He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
+6;OB@ 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
