过去完成时
%PSz o8.l a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
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6E b. 状语从句
dcM+ylB 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
>^sz5d+X When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
OcLg3.:L c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
0 %C!`7 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
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eHY8x5uI {Nzmb|& 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
t=A E7 He said that he had learned some English before.
5Q2T
T $P By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
aEV|>K=6Y' Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
ZY~zp C_ (mu{~@Hw 典型例题
4UkP:Vz: the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
uQXs>JuD A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
Q'>_59 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
DtI%-I. 前一句应用过去进行时。
1e+h9|hGYw Hz8Jgp 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
oX%P
sS had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
#S/ pYP`7 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
;7B2~zL 用于现在完成时的句型
R.^Bxi-UG: ~2;&pZ$ N9fUlXhR 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
<S:,`v&Z It is the first time that I have visited the city.
s
/k It was the third time that the boy had been late.
eB} sg4 "!w
[U{ 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
kV]%Q3t This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
RBHqLg( 这是我看过的最好的电影。
uv_P {%TK This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
*$*nY [/5 r5X BcG( 2 典型例题
3XYIb Xnk (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
uBd = x<c\ ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
PgGrk5; A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
XO8 H] 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
"' i [~ b(.o|d /P (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
~
33 @H ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
}I'>r(K A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
mF$jC :Tb 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
BGk<NEzH 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
1)c=15^ （错）I have received his letter for a month.
N5I W@?4 （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
-
KoA[UJ [fJFH^&?hr 独立主格结构的特点：
]#Z$jq{ , 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
eyl) uR 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
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3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
5{x[EXE' 举例：
e]L3=R;
the test finished, we began our holiday.
L -oPb) = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
@kgpq 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
B?zS_Ue f<t*#]< the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
n4 6PQm%p = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
myo~Qqt? 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
qI/r_ ,`B>} =S7C(;=4 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
t1_y1!u Q 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
K=^_N
dz This done, we went home.
:!* ;0~# 工作完成后，我们才回家。
WaZ@ E/Gs',Y Gp p}Jpj the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
>C d&K9H 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
p]IhQnj2 7-0twq
UC2 OY Zb He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
u$`x]K=Zsm 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
j*lWi0Z - kQiW 5 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
\(7# N<-
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
