过去完成时
&`4v,l^Zi6 a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
/R44x\nhr b. 状语从句
zSFqy'b.M- 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
z!6:D t6^ When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
3xnu SOdh c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
`[5QouPV We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
I*^3 Z lfp'D+#p { 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
*m[ow s He said that he had learned some English before.
=K2mR}n\; By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
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Pdl [+a Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
yy6?16@ 8+ <vumnw 典型例题
Mo2b"A;}| the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
| VL(#U A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
;9R;D,G
k! 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
-a[] #v9 前一句应用过去进行时。
R2af >R @ 0RB.- 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
I (dMiL had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
-B-nTS` He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
LA.x LU3 用于现在完成时的句型
TKsze]/q ='0f#>0Q U8z $=W o 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
;$y(Tvd; It is the first time that I have visited the city.
0NB6S&lI^k It was the third time that the boy had been late.
DVNGV _Z|s!~wdz 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
y4HOKJxI This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
3 G?^/nB 这是我看过的最好的电影。
wR?M2*ri This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
s9<fPv0w tj ,*-).4% 典型例题
N;A #3Ter (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
}TZ5/zn.Dw ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
6}.
B2f9 A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
\]U@=w 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
%6}S'yL *Rv eR?kO (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
hv'~S ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
3,bA&c 3 A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
aXyu%<@k 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
*hAeA+: 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
2h
V#3i （错）I have received his letter for a month.
Q/6T?{\U7 （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
(XJehdB0 z0V d(QL 独立主格结构的特点：
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HUMH6 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
cve(p
kl 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
@5H1Ni5/o@ 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
v#.FK:u } 举例：
>\K< q >* the test finished, we began our holiday.
EH"iK2n\9 = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
h:(Jes2 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
l!\C"f1o, p 8BA an3 the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
Z~
8Xp = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
t'4hWNR'
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
k+44ud.j geWis(#J "uCx.Q9 ef Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
P"_x/C(]@J 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
673v
This done, we went home.
JGSeu =) 工作完成后，我们才回家。
-:m;ePK knpb$eX 4 skdSK7 n the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
$} l0Nh'Eu 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
TclZdk]%T [+ gX6 e}f!zA He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
RX>kOp29 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
a<sE d p AZorz Q]s He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
' rHkJ 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
