过去完成时
'A:Y&w"r a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
4DCh+|r b. 状语从句
iXn XZ|M 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
f' t.?M When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
hp'oiR;~w c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
j erU[ 3 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
n~yK q"^ +-|""`I 1I 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
q\o#<'F1J He said that he had learned some English before.
x7zc3%T's By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
# 2_FM!e Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
*% ;A85V/ EZB0qZIp 典型例题
Ln,<|,fZN the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
jD S\ A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
3? FY?Q[ 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
l.pxDMY 前一句应用过去进行时。
a[~[l k=7 PM[ W7g T 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
" C0[JdZ had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
D|ze0A@ He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
/( s |'"6 用于现在完成时的句型
lot`6] #VX]trh, qA7,txQ: 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
|=IJ^y(x| It is the first time that I have visited the city.
<<d # It was the third time that the boy had been late.
D*- ) 'n@A% B 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
6Z#Nh@!+C This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
$||WI}k3V 这是我看过的最好的电影。
*]yrN` This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
UiV#w#&P 3<XuJ1V& 典型例题
i. 6 b% (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
`e'wW V ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
moxmQ>xoH A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
k5-4
^ 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
~F-knEvL +g?uvXC& (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
bxh-#x
& ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
"|(.
W3f1 A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
#w|v.35%? 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
^9,^ BHlC0 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
Q D%xmP （错）I have received his letter for a month.
cu>(;= （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
9cB+ x`+Lu If '2
m_ 独立主格结构的特点：
\l(J6Tu 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
P0>2 }/;o 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
'v< v6vs 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
rVP\F{Q4Tr 举例：
c6i7f:'-0 the test finished, we began our holiday.
pdJ]V`m = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
toGd;2rl 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
^ =^\=9"
b A{\?]]/ the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
oQ -m = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
Z4Q]By:/L 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
( gg )? T5T%[Gv f@YdL6&d- Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
}&/>v' G 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
|HT7m5tu4 This done, we went home.
m2^vH+wD 工作完成后，我们才回家。
o} QP+ hO[_ _j8 Ojz'p5d`>
the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
D)x^? ! 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
KwHN c\\ ynM:]*~K dQSO8J f He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
glCpA$;VPu 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
k^ |z.$+ -){6ynqv He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
er24}G8 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
