考博真题

Directions: There are four parts altogetherin this test paper. The total scol-e is 100, and the test time is limited to 3hours.
Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (20points)
Directions: There are 20 incompletesentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark thecOlTesponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
J. "Infon11ation ___" would meandisabling an enemy by making use of computer viruses to wreck itscomputer-controlled systems.
A. ll1vasion B. explosion C. contest D.warfare
2. When jobs are scarce, young peopleentering the work force tend to be in favor of experienced workers.
A. shouldered away B. elbowed aside
C. handed over D. thumbed through
3. "Knowledge is power." Thisdictum (Z R) has never been so true as today ___ the advent of the InformationAge.
A. on B. at C. by D. with
4. In this context, giving instructionsmeans giving infonnation rather than giving orders, even though suchinfoDl1ation may sometimes be expressed in the fonn.
A. cooperative B. imaginative C. imperativeD. comparative
5. at the table of contents and introductionof books can help you ll1crease your comprehension and keep in mind what youthen read.
A. Glancing B. Gazing C. Peering D.Glaring
6. These coins have been from circulationbecause they are no longer valid cUlTency.
A. restrained B. withdrawn C. hampered D.retreated
7. For their own protection, ___sleep-walkers have been known to tie themselves in bed, lock their doors orbolt the window.
A. lame B. chronic C. abnoD11al D.acute
8. The process by means of which humanbeings can arbitrarily make certain things ___ others may be called thesymbolic process.
A. impart B. manifest C. infer D.denote
9. I never take any notice of the ___headlines in the popular newspapers. They are always a grossexaggeration.
A. sensational B. sensible C. sensitive D.obscene
10. A of escaped prisoners were reported tohave been arrested and sent back to the prison.
A. herd B. flock C. batch D. host
11. Though I had lived in Binningham as achild, the city had altered so much that it took me
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some time to ___ my bearings again.
A. make B. take C. observe D. lose
12. Scientists claim that an individual canonly function for about three days when totally --of sleep.
A. deprived B. disposed C. banned D.sheered
13. In that event, your broker will billyou not only for the amount he had to pay, but also a small addi tional tocover the cost of his services.
A. allowance B. pension C. income D.fee
14. When computer systems are used to ___financial transactions and control civilian aircraft, we cannot afford tounderestimate the importance of software quality.
A. implement B. manipulate C. multiply D.cite
15. Many people become because they feel atremendous gap between the way their life is and the way they think it ought tobe.
A. impressed B. oppressed C. depressed D.suppressed
16. Since man has done much to upset theecology by his ignorance and wastefulness, it is up to man to try to putmatters right.
A. abmpt B. impulsive C. deliberate D.sheer
. 17. Besides medical treatment, thepatients were also given psychological help to encourage optimism in order totheir feelings of helplessness.
A. shmg away B. shmg off
C. sheer away D. sheer off
18. Overseas students are ___ to apply foradmission to almost all the courses in British universities, provided they havethe necessary qualifications.
A. eligible B. applicable C. recognizableD. liable
19. Though in theory one has opportunitiesin choosing his career, he has only a handful of chances because of hiseducational background.
A. definite B. indefinite C. infinite D.finite
20. Whenever two gas molecules come closetogether, they still attract each other, the attractive force beingsmall.
A. adversely B. negligibly C. unknowinglyD. ultimately
Part II. Reading Comprehension (40points)
Directions: There are 6 passages in thispart. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the centre.
Passage One
Many scientists think the virus whichcauses AIDS did jump from the African Green Monkey. While it is difficult todecide precisely when and where the first cases of AIDS or HIV infectionoccurred in Africa, studies on the frequency of certain clinical CililiJ7l(S<:J) diseases as markers of
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AIDS indicate that there was a markedincrease in cases in Africa during the late 1970's and early 1980's. Africa inthe late 1970's was a continent in social transitlon. Because of the extremepoverty of the countryside and the growth of major cities in the country at thesame time, there was a large shift in populations, which caused the spread ofthe disease once it had anived in the bloodstream of the first human being.Some of the very "earliest" cases of a disease which became known in1981 as AIDS, were occurring in central Africa in the "AIDS Belt" ofU ganda, Rwanda, Zaire and Tanzania.
On .Tune 5, 1981 the Centers for DiseaseControl in Atlanta, U.S. announced the presence of a rare, infectious diseasein five American homosexuals. Soon doctors were finding similar cases all overthe country and the world. The AIDS epidemic U1i1:;St) had officially begun. By1983 it was clear that AIDS had spread aroLlnd the world. More than twentyyears later, AIIDS has left twenty-six million dead and another forty millioninfected. AIDS has become the worst medical catastrophe(';J01t) everexperienced by mankind.
AIDS is truly a disease of modem times.Some say that it made its appearance at this time in history 111a1111 y becausethe world has become so much smaller due to transportation and the migration 0f people from one place to another. That proposal has a lot of truth to it.Especially 111 developing countries, great numbers of people are forced totravel from their slmple rural lives to the great cities where alcohol, dmgs,and prostitution cause epidemics of certain illnesses, most particularly,AIDS.
However, scientists still don't know exactlyhow and where AIDS started. Finding the source of AIDS could be cmcial indeveloping a vaccine and be important in mapping the future course of theepidemic.
21. According to the passage, AIDS vims iscaught by ____
A. a still unknown source
B. the poor medical conditions of someAfrican countries
C. thoughtless hunting of some wildanimals
D. a close contact with certainanimal
22. Which of the following statements isTRUE according to the passage?
A. There was a medical record about the firstcase of HIV infection.
B. Reports on AIDS cases occurring in the1980s were on the rise.
C. AIDS virus results in the extremepovel1y of tl'~ countryside, which 111 tum leads to the spread of thedisease.
D. AIDS disease is a direct outcome ofsocial transition happening in Africa.
23. According to the passage, which of thefollowing can possibly be seen as a factor to say "AIDS has become theworst medical catastrophe ever experienced by mankind"?
A. It had been officially recognized solate that it was already out of control.
B. It is fatal and easily infectious, stillunable to be medically treated.
C. People have increasing opportunities totravel around the world.
D. Modem means of transportation areapplied worldwide.
24. All of the following can lead to thehuman infection of the terrible AIDS disease EXCEPT
A. blood
B. dmgs
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C. fl·equent migration
D. prostitution
25. According to the passage, what might bethe most effective way to control the disease?
A. develop a vaccine.
B. develop the local economy to reduce themigration and transportation of people from rural areas to cities.
C. educate people on how to lead a healthylife.
D. wam people to not to eat wildanimals.
Passage Two
"There is a senseless notion thatchildren grow up and leave home when they're 18, and the
truth is far from that," sayssociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today,
unexpected numbers of young adults areliving with their parents. 'There is a major shift in the
middle class," declares sociologistAllan Schnaiberg of Northwestem University, whose son, 19,
moved back in after an absence of eightmonths.
Analysts cite a variety of reasons for thisretum to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a
condition that makes home and itspleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high
divorce rate and a declining remaITiagerate are sending economically pressed and emotionally
hurt survivors back to parental shelters.For some, the expense of an away-from-home college
education has become so excessively greatthat many students now attend local schools. Even
after graduation, young people find theirwings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.
Living at home, says Knighton, aschoolteacher, continues to give security and moral support.
Her mother agreed, "It's ridiculousfor the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for
kids to stay at home." But sharing thefamily home requires adjustments for all. There are the
hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy.Some families, however, manage the delicate
balancing act. But for others, it provestoo difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three
times -and left three times. "What Iconsidered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol
problem," she explains. "He neverliked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them
at friends' houses."
Just how long should adult children livewith their parents before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthyhomecomings are a mistake. Children, stmggling to establish separateidentities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat andfailure." And aging parents, who would be enjoying some financial andpersonal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree thatbrief visits, however, can work beneficially.
26. According to the author, there was oncea trend in the U.S. ____
A. for young adults to leave their parentsand live independently
B. for middle class young adults to staywith their parents
C. for married young adults to move backhome after a lengthy absence
D. for young adults to get jobs nearby inorder to live with their parents
27. Which of the following does not accountfor young adults retuming to the nest?
A. Young adults find hOllsing costts toohigh.
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B. Young adults arc psychologically andintellectually immature.
C. 'y'oung adults seek parental comfort andmoral support.
D. Quitc a number of young adults attendlocal schools.
28. Onc of the disadvantages of youngadults retuming to stay with their parents is that ---A.
there will inevitably be inconveniences ineveryday life
B. most parents find it difficult to keep abigger family going
C. the young adults tend to beove111rotected by their parents
D. pubhc opll1ion IS against young adultsstaying with their parents
29. The underlined word "hassles"in the passage (Para. 3) probably means ____
A. agreements
B. won-ies
C. disadvantages
D. quan-els
30. According to the passage what is thebest for both parents and children')
A. They should adjust themselves to sharingthe family expenses.
B. Children should leave their parents whenthey are grown up.
C. Adult children should visit theirparents from time to time.
D. Parents should support their adultchildren when they are in trouble.
Passage Three
For about three centuries we have beendoing science, trying science out, using science for the
construction of what we call modemcivilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary
technology, from canal locks to dialtelephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis
of data provided by one or another seriesof scientific experiments. Three hundred yeas seems a
long time for testing a new approach tohuman interliving, long enough to settle back for critical
appraisal of the scientific method, maybeeven long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or
not. There is an argument.
Voices have been raised in protest sincethe begi1U1ing, nsmg in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during theearly stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into thestreets any day these days on the issue of nuclear energy. Give it back, saysome of the voices, it doesn't really work, we've tried it and it doesn't work,go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chance forthe race of man.
The principal discoveries in this century,taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance about nature.Things that used to seem clear and rational, matters of absolute certainty -Newtonianmechanics, for example -have slipped through our fingers, and we are left witha new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, ambiguities; some of thelaws of physics are amended every few years, some are canceled outright, someundergo revised versions of legislative intend as if they were acts ofCongress.
Just thirty years ago we call it abiological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule wasexposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decided. For awhile, things seemed simple and clear, the cell was a neat little machine, amechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tinywatch. But just in the last few years it has become
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almost unbelievably complex, filled withstrange parts whose functions are beyond today's Imag111111g.
It is not JllS( that there is more (0 do,there is everythmg to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the effortsin basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of humandisease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation ofnutrients in the sea. As we leam more about fundamental processes of living ingeneral we will learn more about ourselves.
31. What can be inferred from the first twoparagraphs?
A. Three hundred years are long enough tosettle back for critical appraisal of the scientific method.
B. There have been people holding hostileattitude towards science.
C. Modem civilization depends on science soall the people support scientific progress.
D. For three hundred years science has beenfully developed.
32. With the principal discoveries in thiscentury, we found
A. man shouldn't stick to some of the onceaccepted theories
B. man is capable of solving all giganticpuzzles
C. Newtonian mechanics is wrong
D. Man has lost many scientificdiscoveries
33. So far, what do scientists know aboutDNA?
A. They still know nothing about DNA.
B. The cell in DNA is a neat littlemachine.
C. There's no progress compared to 30 yearsago.
D. They have a deep research aboutDNA.
34. The topic of the passage is that____
A. science has done little to humanbeing
B. science is just at its beginning
C. science has made profound progress
D. science has greatly improved man'slife
35. The writer's attitude towards scienceis
A. hostile
B. critical
C. approving
D. neutral
Passage Four
Is it possible to persuade mankind to livewithout war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least sixthousand years. It was always wicked and usually foolish, but in the past thehuman race managed to live with it. Modem ingenuity has changed this. Eitherman will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclearweapons that cause the gravest danger, but bacteriological or chemical weaponsmay, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishingnuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done untilwe
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have succeeded in abohshing war. To dothis, we need to persuade mankind to look up on
international questions in a new way, notas contests of force, in which the victory goes to the
side which is most skillful in massacre,but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of
law. It IS not easy to change age-oldmental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that adoption ofthis or that ideology would prevent war. r bel ieve this
to be a profound etTor. All ideologies arebased upon dogmatic assertions which are, at best,
doubtful, and at worst, totally false.Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are
willing to go to war in support ofthem.
The movement of world opinion during thepast two years has been very largely welcome. It
has become a commonplace that nuclear warmust be avoided. Of course, very difficult problems
remain in the international sphere, but thespirit in which they are being approached is a better one
than it was some years ago. It has begun tobe thought, even by the powerful men who decide
whether we shall live or die, thatnegotiations should reach ab'Tecments even if both sides do not
find these agreements wholly satisfactory.It has begun to be understood that the important conflict
nowadays is not between East and West, butbetween Man and the H-bomb.
36. This passage implies that war is now____
A. more wicked than in the past
B. as wicked as in the past
C. less wicked than in the past
D. what people try to live with
37. According to the author ____
A. it is impossible to live IvilhoutIvar
B. war is the only way to settleinternational disagreements
C. war must be abolished ifman wants tosurvive
D. war will be abolished by modemingenuity
38. The author says that modem weapons____
A. will help abolish war
B. put mankind in grave danger
C. will gradually become part of man'slife
D. need further improving
39. The author believes that the only wayto abolish war is to ____
A. abolish nuclear weapons
B. let the stronger side take over theworld
C. improve bacteriological and chemicalweapons
D. settle intemational issues throughnegotiation
40. The last paragraph suggests that____
A. nuclear war will definitely not takeplace
B. international agreements are now reachedmore and more easily
C. man is beginning to realize that nuclearwar is his greatest enemy
D. world opinion is in favor of nuclearwar
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Passage Five
In structuring a joint venture, the partiesmust have covered the gambit ( ~i*) of possible legal problems as fully aspossible.
But the world is a very different place andthe types of problems vary with the country and its stage of economicdevelopment. Problems in drafting joint venture documents for use in thedeveloped world are quite different from those incidents to a joint venture inthe underdeveloped world.
In legally structuring a joint venturecertain considerations should be kept in mind. First are the controls you willbe able to exercise in protecting your interests in the joint venture. All yourlegal documents should be drafted with this in mind. A second concem whichapplies primarily in the underdeveloped world, but also if you are a minoritypartner anywhere, is the extent of your liability for actions of the jointventure. This was brought into focus by the Bhopal matter. In the future, myforecast is that companies will focus more and more on this contingency(~1'r'F1'J: ) in drafting all their joint venture documents. A third cone em isthe sales area of the joint venture. There are dramatic differences in thecosts of production in various areas of the world. This means that the U.S.manufacturer who goes overseas via the joint venture route will usually have tolimit the joint venture's market area if he is to preserve his existingmarkets. If he is patent-rich, this
will be easier than if he has only know-howbecause he can use his patent monopoly to block out his markets. Given nopatent, this may be more difficult because of host country rules. It also maybe more difficult in light of u.s. antitrust rules particularly if the salesrestriction of the joint venture or the host country partner is a long one timewise.
41. What does "the world is a verydifferent place" mean in the passage?
A. The world is not the same asbefore.
B. The world is a place full ofvariety.
C. The world is changing fast.
D. The world is not the same as otherplaces.
42. What is not mentioned as theconsiderations you have to keep in mind in legally structuring a jointventure?
A. The controls over the jointvenhlre.
B. The extent of your liability for actionsof the joint venture.
C. The sales areas of the jointventure.
D. the stability of the host country.
43. The Bhopal matter is quoted in thepassage to illustrate ___
A. concem of the extent of the liabilityfor actions of the j oint venture
B. the concem of market area ofjointventure
C. the importance of the controls over thej oint venture
D. the importance of patent monopoly
44. What is the advantage of patent overknow-how?
A. The use of patent is not affected byantitrust rules.
B. With patent one can apply host countryrules.
C. Patent monopoly can be used to protectthe market of the products.
D. Patent is protected by the laws.
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45. What can we mfer hom thepassage')
A. Thc products of the Joint venture aremore expensive than those produced in the L .S.
B. Expenslvc jomt venture products willenable the U.S. manufacturers to preserve its eXIsting market share.
C. Cheap joint venture products will enablethe U.S. manufacturers to preserve its existing market share.
D. Cheap joint venture products may becomea threat to the U.S. manufacturers' existing market share.
Passage Six
There is an ancient Chinese proverb whichsays "Beware(t'EI~J) of a man whose stomach
does not move when he laughs." Wereveal a great deal of what we are thinking and feeling by the
movements which we make quiteunconsciously. When children are bored they start to fidgetO~
); tapping WIth the foot or drumming thefingers are sure signs of impatience; a man shows his
nervousness by constantly adjusting his tieor patting his hair, particularly if he is waiting for an
interview, or is about to meet hisgirlfriend. Sometimes you can work out what people are talking
about, or at least deten11ine what kind ofmood they are in, even if you cannot hear a word they are
saying, by the gestures they use.Occasionally it is even possible to identify a person's nationality:
nobody shrugs quite like a Frenchman, orgesticulates(J+J fY!) quite like an Italian, or bows quite
like a Japanese. Some say you can tell anEnglishman by the fact that he hardly gestures at alJl
All these are obvious, stereotyped (~1IE{f~JJX: R~) gestures, widely recognized and understood. The only thing to watchout for is that a gesture which is perfectly polite and reasonable in onecountry might tum out to be very offensive in another. For example, anEnglishman gives a 'thumbs up' sign to show approval but in some countries thesame gesture is annoying and offensIve. But we make many much 1110re subtlemovements, when we are tallong, which reveal our attitude, or define ourrelationship to others. Take for example the ways people sit: leaning back,relaxed; sitting forward, eamest and interested; legs crossed and anm folded,hostile or insecure. There are many touching movements which. if you can readthem, will tell you what someone is thinking, quite independently of what he issaying: stroking the chin, pulling the ear, scratching the head, tapping thenose, and so on.
Careful studies have been made of all thesenonverbal fon11s of communication, and there is no doubt that what we say withwords is only a part of the message we convey, it is important however, torealize that gestures, like words, tend to come in clusters, and furthell110reare often capable of more than one explanation. You must look at the wholecombination of words, facial expression and gesture. If you leam to read thesigns, you can tell whether what a person says is what he really means, orwhether, like the man whose stomach does not move when he laughs, he is tryingto deceive you.
46. The Chinese proverb mentioned at thebegilming of the passage seems to show
A. a person cannot be relied on if he orshe doesn't laugh where necessary
B. a person's body movement can reflectwhat is on his or her mind
C. a person's skillfulness in controllinghis body movement
D. a person's unwillingness to reveal hisor her poor health conditions.
9
47. A person's insecurity can be clearlydisplayed by which of the following acts'?
A. fixing the tie frequently
B. drumming the fingers
C. pulling the ear
D. crossing the legs
48. According to the passage, people fromwhich nationality makes the least body movement?
A. Italian
B. Ch1l1ese
C. Frenchman
D. Englishman
49. It can be inferred from the passagethat _____
A. Children are usually poor in using bodymovements to reveal their feelings.
B. Without words, gestures alone cannottell one's mood or emotions.
C. Some well-established gestures or signlanguage in one culture may prove to be unaccepted in another.
D. Gestures are effective tools to identifya person's nationality.
50. Which of the following represents thecommon characteristic of nonverbal [om1s of communication and language?
A. Both may produce more than one meaningwithin context.
B. Both alone cannot get ideasacross.
C. Both requires the presence of the senderand receiver.
D. Both have to be made meaningful onlywhen they appear in combination.
Part III. Translation (15points)
Directions: There are 5 English sentencesbelow. Try to understand the meaning of the sentences and translate them intoproper Chinese. ( llJt1=jl±1",~JlillI~EE.I)
51.
Libraries made education possible, andeducation in its tum added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed akind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention ofprinting.
52.
Among the advantages that future biochips,or "living computers", would have over conventional semiconductorchips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and theyallow for the parallel processing of infonl1ation, making them faster thantoday's semiconductor devices.
53.
During the 1980s, revolutionary changes inthe work lives of Americans, caused by technological advances which will pem1itgreater productivity by fewer workers, will likely result in shortened workweeks, increased released time for workers, and increased pressure for earlyretirements.
54.
It is human, perhaps, to appreciate littlethat which we have and to long for that which we have
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not, but it is a grcat pity that JI1 theworld of light the gift of sight is used only as a mcrc convel1lence ratherthan as a means of adding fullness to life.
55. In order to survive, to feed, clothe,and shelter himself and his children, man has to lealll how to use things hefinds in nature and this means that he has to study and Jealll aboutnature.
Part IV. English Writing (25 points)
Directions: There are different opinionsabout the influence of Intelllet. Some say intelllel is
very positive in influencing people's life,while others say that it has lots of disadvantages. Please
write an essay of about 300 words toexpress your viewpoint of its disadvantages.
Requirement:
you must have a clear topic for youressay;
you must provide at least three evidencesto support your argument;
your argument must be logical, instmctive,and appealing;
your handwriting should be clear

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