考博英语语法重点总结 $6:XsrV\a
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 *[d~N
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独立主格特征 [2GXAvXsT
1. 充当句子的状语。 6}VUD
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 fKL'/?LD]
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 *.kj]B oO
4. With + 名词 D^66 p8t
（代词） + 分词 (形容词）
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. `fQM
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. d^KBIz8$5l
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). Bz~ -2#l
真题剖析 VDB$"T9#
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. #V<`U:.
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because Y.DwtfE
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ? Wwh
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8. A. is B. having C. being D. be @4;HC=~
虚拟语气 f"Ost;7zg
虚拟语气（2） $GQphXb$
1. （should）+动词原形 pU
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 vGXWwQ.1Tp
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 N g58/}z
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 D ~Z=0yD
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 g<f P:/
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 hO#H
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would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) ,
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真题剖析 F#6cF=};@
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … YZ0en1ly
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t u0xQ;BQ
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. !&W|myN
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded 7Unz Ie
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. T: U4:"
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take K<#-" Xe;
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. yO c|*O=]U
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 0F^]A"kF
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should c -w0
非谓语动词 '| &,E#`
动名词、分词、不定式。
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) A';n6ne%i
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) U,HIB^=
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 8^y= H=
真题剖析 ?ZaD=nh$mK
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. v~}5u
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops k Q~ %=pn
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. T
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59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative V}SyD(8~
主谓一致 QF.3c6O@
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 0Z,{s158L
How you got there doesn’t concern me. .EG* + ,
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 2m\m/O
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 y:,9I` aW
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 5q Rc4d'
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 e />:K' {
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 XVF^,Yf
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). [f/.! @sj
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 (]XbP
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. f>z`i\1oO
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 8R}K?+]
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） AW/wI6[T
He no less than John is interested in literature. Sdx Y>;
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Gs_qO)~xo
Either my father or my brothers are coming. |l 7% l&!
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 xnbsg!`;7W
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. x GRT"U(
真题剖析 9cfR)*Q
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. h!e2
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some +j
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倒装 @Tr&`Hi
全部倒装 6Y7H|>g)
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” a4&:@ ` =
There stand big buildings in this district. >'`Sf ?+|
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. >vujZw_0>
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Tn A?u (R%
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. //.>>-~1m
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ?2ItB `<(
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. .N"~zOV<#
4. 表语位于句首 r5 yO 5W
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. %{C)1*M7
Not far from here is a famous university. [U.v:tR
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Hm9< fQuM
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I.
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. =g~j=v ,e
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） `4
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. Sj-[% D*
部分倒装 W
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1. 疑问句 6 I |A- h
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） HY)ESU
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 'Kz9ygZy
3. “only+状语”位于句首 %8FN0
Only when he comes back can be leave. Y~q b;N\
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 $|a;~m>
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. E5UcZ7
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) #C*&R>IvY
By no means should you break the rules. s-?fUqA
At no time should we give in to difficulties. `ZGcgO< c\
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 j*zD0I]
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 3~%!m<1:
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. $<w)j!
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
