医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 }>621L3 -
一、肺 Lung xy&*s\=:
清晰 clear c3PA<q[
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows vAeVQ~
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings ==%5Ci7qMy
钙化灶 calcified 6jm/y@|F!
空洞 cavitation -w)v38iX!
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) pSYEC,0B
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density e6{E(=R[M
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows ;}ThBb3
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density Y;g\ @j
圆形致密影 a round density -GB,g=Dk
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening psz0q
|
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle Up_"qD6
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement (q}LirR
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion "K+EZ%~<
液气胸 hydropneumothorax *ywr_9
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement g\IwV+iDf
肺门模糊 hilar haze ^7;s4q
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density c"1Z,M;G
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) %S$$*|_
G
阴影性状 shadow #ZnNJ\6
淡的 haziness <viC~=k;
云雾状 clouding m"'`$ /_
线装 streaky ,LmP >Q.
絮状 patcky :l iDoGDi
结节状 nodular ! gfd!R
块状 massive 7~k=t!gTY
粟粒状 miliary WA:r 4V
融合状 confluent L$kB(Brw
均匀的 homogeneous H?xYS|
n
二、心脏 Heart =]"I0G-s!
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement WNQ<XBqAw
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta S QGYH
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart n"Bc2}{
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment I:UDEoQo
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery _z 5W*..
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow Y|
ch ;
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement jcBZ#|B7;
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation wQ@:0GJH
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart Eciu^
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta LGX+_"
心腰部 waist of heart ~(GNY
5
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart r`h".=oD
三、腹部平片 KUB film S'hUh'PZ
结石 calculus J1~E*t^
钙化影 calcified shadow 8?YeaMIBB
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern jI H^
液气平面 gas-fluid level t*)mX2R,
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air =oI6yf&8 Z
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination CgYX^h?Y9
胃肠造影 gastroenterography =6Gn?
/{
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography L/]
(pXEp
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign }<l:~-y|
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) ,u)jZ7
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine =adHP|
S
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon %b4tyX:N0
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time w-LENdw
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach h0g?=hJq
充盈缺损 filling defect 5$N#=i`V
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds <'SS IMr
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) i.`n^R;N
球部激惹现象 irritable cap &vn2u bauS
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) TB+k[UxB
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis g=@d!]Z~[
蠕动消失 aperistalsis @DY"~ccH
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation 7}6CUo
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon 0H_uxkB~
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold [w|Klq5
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold K%x]:|,>M
五、胆道 bile tract ::$W
.!Uv
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography qxu3y+po]
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography "NGfT:HV
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography )E>yoUhN
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) ~~-VScG&
胆总管扩张dilated common duct +,LWyvc'
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily y#iz$lX R
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately H${L F.8
收缩功能 contractibility 1Z @sh>X|
六、骨骼skeleton 4^bt~{}
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone yxp
,)os:
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance L-D4>+
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction %
_E?3
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) K3[+L`pz
骨化 ossification PRaVe,5a
畸形 deformity p8%qU>~+4
缩短 shortening (b<0=U
移位 displacement fPUr O
脱位 luxation <a @7's
半脱位 subluxation PD.$a-t
连接不正 malunion W
wPzm?30
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture [=q/f2_1.
多发性骨折 multiple fracture hoqZb<:
病理性骨折 pathological fracture /ta}12Z
关节间隙 joint space )PP yJ@M
椎间隙 intervertebral space {&IB[Y6
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage QTi@yT:
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) cE
'LE1DK
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis 'QT~o-U
死骨 sequestrum i3N{D
t
骨质坏死 bone necrosis -|#{V.G3'
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint {k_\1t(/
关节强直 ankyloses l1DJ<I2
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation [8sYE h
对线良好 good alignment G^k'sgy.
对位良好 good apposition `z
(o01y
七、泌尿系统 urological system =6Ok4Z
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) j9>[^t3U
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography zK5&,/
萎缩 atrophy TUnAsE/J&
移位 deformity LVB wWlJ
扭曲 distortion Ow/,pC >V
充盈缺损 filling defect E,Rj;?
狭窄 stricture o(SPT?ao~
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone ~ps,U
八、X线检查位置 uMw6b=/U
前后位 anteroposterior projection z;1dMQ,#
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection 5,gT|4|B\g
侧位 lateral projection ^H.B6h?
立位 upright position q*
R}yt5
斜位 oblique projection )\Q(=:
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection =6dAF"b)
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection v-z%3x.f
前凸位 lordotic position projection t<` As6}
轴位 axial position [y9a.*]u/@
头位 cranial projection lwf4ke
尾位 caudal projection dB_0B.