医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 `B1r+uTP~
一、肺 Lung =x_~7 Xc{
清晰 clear \my5E\
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows q:iB}ch5R
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings htgtgW9
^P
钙化灶 calcified dq6|m
}g{
空洞 cavitation 7,^.h<@K
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) j'\!p):H
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density {Yt@H
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows +m
gm39
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density VLL CdZ%
圆形致密影 a round density XA1gV>SJ
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening %I`%N2ss
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle {/u}
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement }{oZdO
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion ?FV>[&-h#I
液气胸 hydropneumothorax Qp?+G~*
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement 6g6BE^o\
肺门模糊 hilar haze OV.f+_LS
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density o@5zf{-
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) #?3oGrS Y
阴影性状 shadow 9ZYT#h
淡的 haziness g)L?C'BG
云雾状 clouding 8AGP*"gI
线装 streaky >508-)'
絮状 patcky Vw@?t(l >
结节状 nodular 'xG:v)(
块状 massive LBw$K0
粟粒状 miliary g><*qd?t
融合状 confluent O8mmS!
均匀的 homogeneous C1M @;
二、心脏 Heart |Nf90.dL
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement lx H3a :gm
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta zF7*T?3b"
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart qOD:+b
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment "C~Zl&3
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery d7U%Q8?wUR
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow #Aver]eK
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement 4UISuYg'
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation 3[UB3F4K
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart ,| Zkpn8
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta (j%;)PTe+&
心腰部 waist of heart 6E))4
lW
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart I$Ra*r
三、腹部平片 KUB film 7
O]$2
结石 calculus ?]/"AWUX
钙化影 calcified shadow 2t3DQ
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern *f*o
,~8V1
液气平面 gas-fluid level y yqya[-11
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air i
[N=.
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination JIh:IR(ta
胃肠造影 gastroenterography .ZVADVg
\
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography DRy,n)U&
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign 4RDdfY\%u
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) Ra-%,cS
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine M\L^ Wf9
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon #
M18&ld,r
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time FI=]K8
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach &Z%|H>+;T
充盈缺损 filling defect oRZ--1oR_
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds upefjwm
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) 4lsg%b6_%,
球部激惹现象 irritable cap F\BD7W
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) TChKm-
x
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis 1J?x2
蠕动消失 aperistalsis k=``Avp?
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation mZ!1Vh
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon `44 }kkBT
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold E,$5V^
9
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold k]] e8>
五、胆道 bile tract ^wTod\y
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography G~FAChI8![
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography -V'h>K
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography %[J|n~8_Z
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) Api<q2@R
胆总管扩张dilated common duct (sN;B)
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily JV_V2L1Ut
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately bS"zp6Di
收缩功能 contractibility n[tES6u
六、骨骼skeleton *wNO3tP't
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone d%w#a3(
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance [)KLmL%
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction RM `zxFn
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) h&O8e;S#
骨化 ossification n7*.zI]%&
畸形 deformity ^!yJ;'H\
缩短 shortening Y>i5ubR~
移位 displacement wbA<G&h~
脱位 luxation *Iir/6myM
半脱位 subluxation dSq3V#Q
连接不正 malunion 8sz|
9~
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture f zsD
多发性骨折 multiple fracture %FSY}65
病理性骨折 pathological fracture 2uy<wJE>
关节间隙 joint space vpL3XYs`
椎间隙 intervertebral space nr>Os@\BU
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage F* h\ #?
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) 9A
tnnx]n
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis "GY/2;
死骨 sequestrum {IR-g,B
骨质坏死 bone necrosis _zF*S]9
X
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint . ]D7Il
关节强直 ankyloses ^j>w<ljzz
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation oasEG6OI8
对线良好 good alignment w_hN2eYo&e
对位良好 good apposition 1xsIM'&
七、泌尿系统 urological system .|Y&,?k|Y
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) unZYFA}(
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography l:$i}.C
萎缩 atrophy gSn9L)k(O
移位 deformity 75?z" i
扭曲 distortion G>>TB{}
充盈缺损 filling defect *
Tyr
狭窄 stricture r< ~pSj
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone l Taw6;
八、X线检查位置 8AgKK=C=
前后位 anteroposterior projection bDq[j8IT6
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection & Y Y^Bd#
侧位 lateral projection wcW8"J'AH
立位 upright position CYFi_6MFl
斜位 oblique projection W _JGJV.^f
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection noL&>G
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection 3I):W9$Qp
前凸位 lordotic position projection pS6p}S=1]
轴位 axial position e/s8?l
头位 cranial projection 3 jR I@
尾位 caudal projection *J
T,]7
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