医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 fti0Tz'
一、肺 Lung
h*Mi/\
清晰 clear +OSSgY$
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows ox";%|PP1
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings 5~#oQ&
钙化灶 calcified 91fZr
空洞 cavitation {8%KO1xB
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 8`I,KkWg
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density &,,:pL[
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows U:PtRSdn!b
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density -&%!
4(Je
圆形致密影 a round density <0Gk:NB,
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening ]2@lyG#<<
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle &=In
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement 5pff}Ru`
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion <Y;w
I#C
液气胸 hydropneumothorax ;1r|Bx <5
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement 5OAb6k'
肺门模糊 hilar haze md/h\o&
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density _ vAc/_N
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) A9GSeW<
阴影性状 shadow h`p=~u +
淡的 haziness diKl}V#u
云雾状 clouding a`U/|[JM
线装 streaky .[?2_e#9 %
絮状 patcky q1rD>n&d
结节状 nodular N{a=CaYi+
块状 massive Juk'eH2^s
粟粒状 miliary Ju"c!vu~
融合状 confluent wS|hc+1
均匀的 homogeneous S++jwP
二、心脏 Heart "_+8z_
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement r#J_;P{U
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta j:HIcCp
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart y7Hoy.(
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment 12tAx3p
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery -^< t%{d
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow #w!ewC vt
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement EO/4
1O
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation M>{*PHze0
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart gz Dfx&.0
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta S>s+ nqcP
心腰部 waist of heart rG%8ugap
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart $q
R@;=
三、腹部平片 KUB film wVF
qkJ
结石 calculus Q&w"!N
钙化影 calcified shadow sDBwD%sb
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern qCF&o7*oN
液气平面 gas-fluid level VU+=b+B~m
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air `4ti?^BNm
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination -U|Z9sia
胃肠造影 gastroenterography 3XDuo|(
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography I*n]8c
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign ONFx -U]
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) #S[Y}-]T
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine *Xh#W7,<
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon 4,BJK`{
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time .Y^pDR12
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach BQ B<+o'
充盈缺损 filling defect @S6@pMo,
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds 7W>(T8K X\
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) w zi7pJjXh
球部激惹现象 irritable cap CV
2#G *
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) .eyJ
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蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis
{~XAg~
蠕动消失 aperistalsis 0-/@-qV\
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation e{^^u$C1.e
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon '-3K`[
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold alBnN<UM
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold PzustC|
五、胆道 bile tract 7\gu; [n
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography ^AERGB\36
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography OjrZ6
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography NLU
iNfCR
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) &-m}w :j=
胆总管扩张dilated common duct d<E2=WVB6
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily 6P)D M
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately LLbI}:
收缩功能 contractibility 8<@X=Z
六、骨骼skeleton AoK;6je`K^
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone OF:0jOW
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance U/xzl4m6
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction K??jV&Xor
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) !(3[z>
骨化 ossification '2rSX[$tf
畸形 deformity 9E|QPT
缩短 shortening 7uOtdH+
移位 displacement Ds{bYK_y
脱位 luxation o@C|*TXN
半脱位 subluxation 2
#cw_Ua
连接不正 malunion 4ywtE}mp
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture gADqIPu]
多发性骨折 multiple fracture dF|R`Pa2ML
病理性骨折 pathological fracture eKU4"XTk
关节间隙 joint space tCGA3t
椎间隙 intervertebral space JIc9csr:b
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage $#wi2Ve=6b
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) MOHw{Vw(
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis )*7{%Ilq
死骨 sequestrum c;=St1eoz
骨质坏死 bone necrosis B}aW y &D
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint PTTUI
关节强直 ankyloses n*G!=lMji
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation {7v|\6@e3
对线良好 good alignment jP<6Q|5F
对位良好 good apposition vY[u;VU
七、泌尿系统 urological system U8%IpI;
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) h,K&R8S
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography R/6
v#9m7
萎缩 atrophy .I>CL4_
移位 deformity PI8ag
扭曲 distortion TaKCN
充盈缺损 filling defect kpk ^Uw%f
狭窄 stricture 9>_VU"T
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone s,D GFK
八、X线检查位置 m5hu;>gt
前后位 anteroposterior projection -7 EwZRS@9
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection E#kH>q@K`$
侧位 lateral projection U)z1RHP|z
立位 upright position c3\p@}
斜位 oblique projection 'n?"f |G
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection \`8F.oZ^)
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection ~fO#En
前凸位 lordotic position projection A~LTi
轴位 axial position U/7jK40
头位 cranial projection paxZlA
o
尾位 caudal projection CKDg3p';