医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 |/AY!Y3
一、肺 Lung {!vz 6QDS
清晰 clear Xa32p_|5~
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows KwuNHK)-
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings H">
}yD
钙化灶 calcified @VcSK`
空洞 cavitation &za
~=+
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion)
s"\o6r
,
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density i&?do{YQ)
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows qjp<_aw
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density bbU{ />yW
圆形致密影 a round density o$DJL11E
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening _*Z2</5
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle e
RjpR?!\
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement K)"cwk-
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion DOm5 azO!>
液气胸 hydropneumothorax 3q.O^`y FU
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement cEd!t6Z
肺门模糊 hilar haze V/G'{ q
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density }]H_|V*f
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) 81|Xg5g)b
阴影性状 shadow /IC7q?avQN
淡的 haziness jo4*,B1x
云雾状 clouding rsR0V+(W
线装 streaky QMfa~TH#p
絮状 patcky Xo*=iD$Jys
结节状 nodular lc=C
块状 massive 5u\si4 BL{
粟粒状 miliary !RnO
{FL
融合状 confluent g(Jzu'
均匀的 homogeneous j#b?P=|l
二、心脏 Heart {7)D/WY5
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement RTNUHz;{L
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta XnQo0
R.PW
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart <m80e),~
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment ,iU ]zN//
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery N(@'L43$V
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow EW{z?/
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement ho_;;y
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation )>Oip
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart A:EF#2)g
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta h@T}WZv
心腰部 waist of heart DEaO=p|
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart a2*WZc`
三、腹部平片 KUB film a8-2:8Su
结石 calculus a4X J0Tm
钙化影 calcified shadow AU}P`fT!
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern SG8H~]CO)
液气平面 gas-fluid level 5,'?NEyw
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air ]?xF'3#
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination S'HM|&
胃肠造影 gastroenterography -,et. *
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography rB}UFS)
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign BUv;BzyV
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) J1Mm,LTO
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine N<:5 r
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon 8UoMOeI3
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time Tn/T:7C
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach dx[<@f2c
充盈缺损 filling defect \CB{Ut+s
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds =V_}z3b
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) SZ~Ti|^
球部激惹现象 irritable cap {.z2n>1J{T
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) rOB-2@-
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis ._=Pa)T
蠕动消失 aperistalsis >ALU}o/
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation 18Vtk"j
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon 57)S"
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold !~m)_Q5?~
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold -Duy:C6W
五、胆道 bile tract 2<yi8O\
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography 1a| q&L`o
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography <dD}4c+/t
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography ;)5d
wq
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) Yp./3b VO
胆总管扩张dilated common duct q+3Z3v
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily p<'#f,o
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately q0.+ F4
收缩功能 contractibility z6B/H2
六、骨骼skeleton 0lF[N.!\9
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone ?2%
d;tW
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance iT%
aAVs
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction vO%n~l=
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction)
.rD@Q{e50
骨化 ossification >,y291p2
畸形 deformity ~{0:`)2FQ
缩短 shortening vJ7I
[Z
移位 displacement "L|Ew#
脱位 luxation MmI4J$F
半脱位 subluxation "8&pT^
连接不正 malunion VljAAt
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture 7u6o~(
多发性骨折 multiple fracture U>IllNd
病理性骨折 pathological fracture V'#dY~E-P
关节间隙 joint space *$Z}v&-0k
椎间隙 intervertebral space $]%;u: Sa
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage @ JZ I
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) sD7Qt
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis }tF/ca:XPQ
死骨 sequestrum ^o_2=91
骨质坏死 bone necrosis
7cr@;%#
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint QzPq^
关节强直 ankyloses 5DK>4H:
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation gV$j ]
对线良好 good alignment l)[\TD
对位良好 good apposition upg
?
七、泌尿系统 urological system PEac0rSW
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) 9W:oo:dK F
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography NZ djS9
萎缩 atrophy +>/ariRr
移位 deformity [9(tIb!x
扭曲 distortion `uM:>
充盈缺损 filling defect ;,[6 n|M
狭窄 stricture L6./b;
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone $}_N379&
八、X线检查位置 -G e5g
Q=
前后位 anteroposterior projection b6:A-jb*I
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection @wy|l)%
侧位 lateral projection lPx4=O
立位 upright position 9] fhH
斜位 oblique projection v".q578
0B
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection ) DXN|<A
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection qYR
$5
前凸位 lordotic position projection )b`Xc+{>
轴位 axial position 5LdVcXf
头位 cranial projection 6w(Mb~[n
尾位 caudal projection Ko_Sx.