医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到,平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义,freekaobo将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类,希望考生们平日多累积记忆。 3tu:Vc.:M
一、肺 Lung !Un&OAy.!
清晰 clear ~H~iKl}|7
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows i4s_:%+
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings w+W!dM
钙化灶 calcified xN
CU5
空洞 cavitation %(YU*Tf~
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion) 5R}K8"d
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density 9^<Y~rkm
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows b<E+5;u
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density .4O~a
圆形致密影 a round density >S
c/E}3
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening _-c1" Kl
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle +L
U.QI'
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement d$qi.%<kh
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion rm?C_
液气胸 hydropneumothorax sE
zl4I
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement ] =*G[
肺门模糊 hilar haze 6QM$aLLP?
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density <19A=
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction) 5`\"UC7?%
阴影性状 shadow t/B4?A@C
淡的 haziness |A, <m#C
云雾状 clouding G<M9 6V
线装 streaky F_.1^XM
絮状 patcky >1 %|T
结节状 nodular AkAQ%)6qV
块状 massive !D
|c2
粟粒状 miliary UZRN4tru6
融合状 confluent Zdy{e|-Zn
均匀的 homogeneous T6nc/|Ot
二、心脏 Heart x T1MW
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement V>(>wSR
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta e:+[}
I)
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart kca#ssN
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment b ,e"x48q
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery zK>}x=
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow uNf97*~_
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement X:m m<4
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation ^Eif~v
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart )(+q~KA}
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta p]rV\,Yss
心腰部 waist of heart
G *
=>
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart :u`gjj$:s
三、腹部平片 KUB film 0@wXE\s
结石 calculus t1ers> h
钙化影 calcified shadow ?t
kl
cYB
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern #
xh
M&X
液气平面 gas-fluid level &2r[4
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air %gu |
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination C9 j
{:&
胃肠造影 gastroenterography ,z~"Mst
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography {hoe^07XK
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign =klfCFwP
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression) #xw3a<z ?u
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine 45H9pY w
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon e_}tK1XY
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time SN]Na<P
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach :xk+`` T
充盈缺损 filling defect UAGh2?q2
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds @M6F?;
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity) ?8FJMFv;4%
球部激惹现象 irritable cap B:ugEAo_
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis) : . PRM+
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis 6Zx5^f(qd
蠕动消失 aperistalsis @U:PXCv
h
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation SPm2I(at7
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon +v/-qyA
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold 'n}]
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold %<`sDO6Q?
五、胆道 bile tract tAkv'.
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography VAA
="yN
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography ^%0^DN
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography _w2%!+'
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) In8{7&iVO
胆总管扩张dilated common duct :KqSMuKR
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily Vi>P =i
胆囊显影不好,浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately Awr(}){
收缩功能 contractibility g_rk_4]
六、骨骼skeleton bXA%|7*
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone 39I|.B"
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance s>
%.bAxc
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction <[$a7l i
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction) Wiw~oXo
骨化 ossification <$ qT(3w<y
畸形 deformity ].sD#~L_
缩短 shortening (?ULp{VPFl
移位 displacement ev4_}!
脱位 luxation PXML1.r$Q
半脱位 subluxation XA;f.u
连接不正 malunion %gWQ}QF
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture x U"g~hT
多发性骨折 multiple fracture iP@FXJJ
病理性骨折 pathological fracture YT,yRV9#
关节间隙 joint space A~X\ dcn
椎间隙 intervertebral space F_I!qcEQ
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage $zF%F.rln
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis) !b&+2y2i[W
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis 3,2$Ny3N
死骨 sequestrum @/:7G.
骨质坏死 bone necrosis An^)K
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint i`W~-J
关节强直 ankyloses A&M(a
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation 0*+EYnu+
对线良好 good alignment IP@3R(DS%
对位良好 good apposition \)6bLB!
七、泌尿系统 urological system t0r0{:
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP) 5#s],h
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography Zu~w:uNmU
萎缩 atrophy 9
W|'~r
移位 deformity cP\z*\dS
扭曲 distortion z] -m<#1
充盈缺损 filling defect
m{$}u@a
狭窄 stricture lpS v
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone m*CW3y{n)
八、X线检查位置 KUK.;gG*Z
前后位 anteroposterior projection e+F$fQt>
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection 4]$OO'
侧位 lateral projection H1L)9oa
立位 upright position I/!AjB8W4
斜位 oblique projection G-|c%g!ejf
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection >;R`Q9s7
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection S'W,AkT
前凸位 lordotic position projection = :zPT;K
轴位 axial position $Dx*[.M3>
头位 cranial projection UNwjx7usD
尾位 caudal projection J/E''*