目录: Va,M9)F
第01章 名词性从句
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第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 pisjfNT`o
第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象 &WAO.*
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第04章 主谓一致 ),%/T,!@
第05章 动词不定式 =0 W`tx
第06章 倒装结构 r(NfVQF
第07章 定语从句 ^G%Bj`%
第08章 被动语态 V_jVVy30Ji
第09章 祈使句 =t1.j=oC
第10章 感叹句 vf(8*}'!Q
第11章 疑问句 Q#P=t83
第12章 名词 6#VG,'e3
第一章 名词性从句 K_j$iHqLF
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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 |eL&hwqzG
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一. 主语从句 3;=nQ{0b
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 ']^e,9=Q
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1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 tdg.vYMDPC
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: O @fX
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a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see thefilm. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 <K!5N&vh
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 ;:1d<Q|
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) .CFaBwj
d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) `HU`=a&d
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2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 8=ubMqr[
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句 p3O%|)yV
It is a fact that … 事实是… 7r?O(0>
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 cAC2Xq
It is common knowledge that …是常识 3=~"<f
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(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句 u.iFlU
It is natural that… 很自然… Mp;t?C4
It is strange that… 奇怪的是… =Xzqp,
(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句 Malt7M
It seems that… 似乎… e3YZ-w^W~h
It happened that… 碰巧… LA
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It appears that… 似乎… @8C^[fDL
(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句 =N01!?{
It is reported that… 据报道… 8h9t8?
It has been proved that… 已证实… XG<J'3
It is said that… 据说… vIG8m@-!&;
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3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: o*97Nbjn
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 kac@yQD
(2)It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: >4 GhI65
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. '[JrP<~^o
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid. Cca(
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(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: $f>Mz|j
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. i:OD)l
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. C]*9:lK
(4)It doesn’t matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: s2g}IZ
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正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. TJ7on.;
错误表达:Whether he iswrong or not doesn’t matter. J/w?Fa<
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: oe`oUnN
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? B:ddlxT$
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely? >!A&@1[M
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4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 nlHH}K
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: 9C[3w[G~C
a) What you said yesterday is right. 8^p/?R^bu
b) That she is still alive is a consolation 9g
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二.宾语从句 1 dz&J\|E#
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 RoM'+1nP:#
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1. 作动词的宾语 /+2^xEIjE
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如: ^o !K0t*
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 LGK0V!W
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: ?Z(
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a) She did not know what hadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。 x_v pds
b) I wonder whether you canchange this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 6aCAz2/
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如: '68{dyFZL
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 / !jd%,G
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2. 作介词的宾语,例如: PPDm*,T.
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 yXc/Nl%
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3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:
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I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 J.?6a:#bU/
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注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 pb$U~TvzhM
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4. it 可以作为形式宾语 Z?G-~3]e
it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如: u_e}m>[S
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 oVb6,Pn
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5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 3VB{Qj
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如: h/V0}|b
正确表达:I admire theirwinning the match. ;,JCA#
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错误表达:I admire thatthey won the match. j?g{*M
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6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 t{Q9Kv
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如: v#(wc+[
正确表达:He impressedthe manager as an honest man. mj%Iow.
错误表达:He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. 5bH@R@3 m
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7. 否定的转移 c+_F nA
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如: PLw;9^<
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 i0L)hkV
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三. 表语从句 ds4ERe /
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason isthat… 和It is because 等结构。例如: 0KHA5dt
1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. Z[FSy-;"
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. s0E:hn:
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. RoJ{
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4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. <nvz*s
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四. 同位语从句 mPi4.p)
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 `CUTb*{`
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1. 同位语从句的功能 $eCxpb..
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: KaauX
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1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. 2p Q
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2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. GghZ".O
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2. 同位语在句子中的位置 lOCMKaCD
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: >j4;{r+eQw
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. \uc]+nV!o
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3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 %|I~8>m
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 ^{T]sv
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: f1rP+l-C<
1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) #e}Q|pF
2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
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高一英语名词性从句专项练习 9{RCh9
1.____he does has nothingto do with me. E z?O
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A. whatever B. No matterwhat C. That D. If -y|>#`T/
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ 93Kd7x-3
A. did the quarrel came about B.the quarrel had come about i882r=TE3
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about w
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3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. 0ft 81RK
A. what B. something C. anything D. that
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4. Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. `$*I%oT;
A. while B. that C. when D. as Hb55RilC
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. S~()A*5
A. there B. in which C. where D. when $REz{xgA=
6. They have no idea at all____. />Kd w
A. where he has gone B.where did he go 'i+j;.
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
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7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. /*Iq,"kGz
A. that B. which C. of which D. ofthat v+Mi"ZAd
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. kn<IWW_t
A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave G%ytp=N
C. /; must leave D. when; should leave o1lhVM`15
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. O/Cwm;&t
A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether gr1Nc
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10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. a;b
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A. that B. which C. whether D. if *Tc lcu
11. Is _____he said really true? StLFq6BO
A. that B. what C. why D. whether L7\V^f%yCm
12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. 9UDanj P
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where f|f)Kys%5
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. rDI}X?JmX
A. while B. if C. that D. for CCDU5l$$
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen. ES,T[
A. Whether B. This C. who D. If Ui?iMtDr
15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. UOIB}ut
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A. What B. That C. Whether D. If IC"Z.'Ph
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness. ,="hI:*<
A. What B. That C. Who D. How (vP<}
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. ibH!bS{
A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 0:I[;Qt
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. (^pIB~.z
A. What B. It C. All that D. That %(&$CmS@
19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. ~Uw;6VXV1
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 3 C{A
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. U7#C. Z
A. What B. That C. How D. Where }#r awVe=
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Keys: CY~ S{w
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA "7q!u,u