西南大学博士入学考试英语试题(2012) z{bMW^F
Part I Vocabulary (10 points) ,WR$xi.j
Directions: In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there 73P=<3
are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the 9G` 2t~%
following sentences. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet p<?~~7V
1. A broadcasting station will sometimes to its listeners a programme which JQYIvo1,Q
it has received from another station. kV!0cLH!hH
. 5Qd |R
A. rely B. relay C. relate D. reside #`RYKQwB
2. The United Nations Conference on Drug Abuse, which took place earlier this year w5gN8ZF3
in Vienna, was a very meeting. 91r9RG>
A. productive B. overwhelming C. compulsory D. protective EXH{3E54)`
3. A person who studies ___ learns how to express numbers approximately and LG'JQGl5
how to calculate ratios and averages. vP^]Y.6
A. static B. statistic C. statistics D. status `I ,A7b
4. If you ______ someone, you form a fixed general idea or image of them so that m(q6Xe:Vc
you assume that they will behave in a particular way. 3H%R`ha
A. assimilate B. simulate C. stereotype D. subordinate >"jV8%!sM
5. Reading ______ the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that N~{0QewMI'
makes what we read ours. /_@S*=T5
A. rectifies B. prolongs C. furnishes D. minimizes bxyEn'vNvQ
6. Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when _____ in the middle Wv_5sPqLW
of the Pacific, businessman can contact their offices as if they were next door. >9a%"<(2#
A. gliding B. cruising C. piloting D. patrolling 2FD[D`n]f
7. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly VH4P|w[YF
from _______ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars. E$.|h;i]Q
A. configuration B. constitution C. condemnation D. contamination 7U:,:=
8. Scientists, who are now aware of how nautiluses regulate their buoyancy, have Ky|Hi3?
been able to dispel ideas about these creatures. a({qc0+UK
A. erroneous B. misdemeanors C. misgivings D. misdirection vVc:[i
9. History has demonstrated that countries with different social systems and bv9\Jp0c
ideologies can join hands in meeting the common challenges to human _____ and k^Tu9}[W1
development. ItDe_|!L
A. evolution B. survival C. rivalry D. dignity iN*d84KTP
10. To avoid an oil shortage, we should advocate that more machines must _____ of HQ7-,!XO
life in a short time, and this made others astonished. |(}uagfrd
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A. accelerate B. operate C. generate D. utilize }1TfKS]m>
11. Japanese leaders aboard the U. S. battleship Missouri and signed the ____ CWE
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surrender, which ended World War Two in 1945. .2Q`. o)
A. conditional B. infinite C. everlasting D. unconditional 4v3y3
12. It is a _____ that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people who
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could hardly keep their body and soul together. 4S 2I]d
A. hypothesis B. paradox C. conflict D. dispute ?XsL4HIx
13. The _____ effects of many illnesses made him a weak man and he still didn’t L}nj#z4g
want to do sports every day. T=VVK6Lc:
A. cumulative B. formidable C. eternal D. prospective vnk"0d.
14. The robbers broke into the bank, _____ the clerics with revolvers and forced them gwThhwR
to give money just as they were about to knock off. zVxiCyU
A. shot B. frightened C. amused D. menaced dLD"Cx
15. This pair of boots cost much less than yours for I bought them when the aP8Im1<A
department store made a _____ of the stored goods. `C=!8q
A. clearance B. reduction C. fortune D. deal H4k`wWOk
16. Technology has _____ the sharing information and the storage and delivery of (S5'iksx
information, thus making more information available to more people. ~#I
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A. formulated B. facilitated C. furnished D. functioned ~S|Vd
17. Language, culture and personality may be considered _____ of each other I thought, 8f,jC+(
but they are inseparable in fact. RK'3b/T
A. indistinctly B. separately C. irrelevantly D. independently 5PKv@Mk
18. More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mother Se"\PxBR
tongue and _____ to the Roman Catholic faith. Ip8 Ap$
A. caters B. adheres C. ascribes D. subscribes PwF}yxkI
19. There are not many teachers who are strong _____ of traditional methods in t=XiSj\n
English teaching. DbPw)aCj
A. sponsors B. contributors C. advocates D. performers b ";#qVv C
20. The ______ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in #A:I|Q 1$g
understanding the universe. .a=M@;p
A. essence B. content C. texture D. threshold ,"h$!k"$g
Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points) J'@I!Jc
Directions: hH"3Y}U@
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. px4Z
There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 4yRT!k}o
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices YI%7#L7C
marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on
M/UJb1<
the Answer Sheet. ucoBeNsHx
Spread across the United States are about 500,000 doctors, cheeked by jowl, in the aEZl ICpU7
big cities and thin on the ground in isolated small towns. In June 1986, the secretary 7acAU{Rr
of health and human services, Dr. Otis Bowen, passed on a view of his experts: 5%-15% gkBat(Uc
of America’s 500,000 doctors should be candidates for disciplinary action, many of K\?vTgc(
them because of drug taking or alcoholism. Others give their patients poor care '?3Hy|}
because they are senile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with 2jx""{
developments in medicine. )x(
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The granting, or withdrawal, of licenses to practice is in the hands of state medical i]Kq
boards, but they are overwhelmed with complaints and lack the money to handle even )j6S<mn
a fraction of them. Recently, however, things have been changing. In 1985, 406 :&_@U$
doctors lost their licenses (compared with 255 in 1984), nearly 500 were placed on s?0r\ cc|:
probation and nearly 1,000 received reprimands or had their right to practice curtailed. B"+Ygvxb
The federal inspector general demanded, and won the right far the states and the nHZ 4):`
federal government, which provide health care for the elderly and for the poor under c:=Z<0S;
the Medicare and Medicaid programme, to refuse payment to the doctors considered T*YdGIFO
unsatisfactory. m1+DeXR_g
Yet putting these powers into practice is proving to be far from easy. O f the 35 ig?]kZ
doctors so far denied reimbursement from Medicare, almost all work in lightly |$1j;#h
populated rural areas. O n March 27th, their indignation and that of their patients were s[xdID^3.
a sympathetic hearing by the Senate Finance Committee. Rural doctors may not be as BJW;A>@Pj
up to date as those in the big towns, but they are often the only source of medical help oO= 6Kd+T
for miles around and their patients are loyal to them. Members of the review boards, (5Cm+Sy
which are paid by the government, insist, however, that elderly and poor people
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should not be forced to receive (and the state to pay for) inferior care. *Ru
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An innovation is on the horizon in Texas, the most under-doctored state in the r-'j#|^tz
country (with only one doctor for every 1,100 residents). Lubbock University is y# x]?
%m
setting up a computer network that will enable country doctors to obtain medical *d,SI[c%e
expertise and access to medical records in a hurry. The aim is to reduce the isolation bZtjg
of the country doctors and thus, in the long run, to attract more young doctors to rural u9VJ{F
areas. ["@K~my~D*
21. The main topic of the passage is . cT.1oaAM0
A. the present situation of American doctors =&}dP%3LC)
B. the legislation on rural medical services kyY tL_SD
C. the problems of country doctors and possible solutions IClnh1=
D. some factors of disqualification of country doctors lT$A;7[
22. According to the text, disciplinary action should be taken against those who d]a*)m&
give patients poor care because of the following reasons EXCEPT . tSQ>P -O
A. taking drugs and drinking alcohol tWc!!Hf2j
B. feeling remorse of their bad behavior L{\B9b2
C. being professional unskillful N^`F_R1Z
D. being sick and conservative 1[B?nk
23. Which of the following is true about the unfit doctors? [QL)6Xr
A. 1,500 doctors were deprived of the right to practice medicine. c()F%e:n
B. The federal government has got the right to deny reimbursement to those *+
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unqualified doctors. SJ+.i
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C. Almost all the doctors who fail to get payment from Medicare work in <4(rY9
densely populated urban areas. lfWxdi
D. Patients in the rural areas complain about the poor treatment their doctors k*lrE4::a
give them. xJZbax[
24. It can be inferred from the text that in the near future . qY0GeE>N
A. there will be more qualified doctors in rural areas N5oao'7|A
B. there will be an even more serious imbalance of the number of rural and KZ<zsHX8H
urban doctors 5z#>>|1>#
C. country doctors are competitive in breaking medical records J^1w& 40
D. more patients will go to rural areas for medical treatment mDj:w#q
25. The paragraph following the text would probably discuss . Y_f6y9?ZE
A. problems of urban doctors ~fQ#-ekzqk
B. other solutions to improve the present situation # {!Qf\1M
C. research in medical science | F:?
D. reduction of staff in rural hospitals xB
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Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. eGnc6)x@C
Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in Po=)jkW
inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. O ne micron is a wCc:HfmjJ
thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped c+-L>dsss
bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally >*Y~I0>
one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, {w{|y[[d~
it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same l=bB,7gL
amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall. 8M:;9a8fh
Even with an ordinal microscopy, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a H}JH339
magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or ;>|:I(l;
dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can f{5)yZ`J*
see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella. 2{**bArV
Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the g2 4)GjDi
water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while sDWX} NV
others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism. =s1"<hH}O)
From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is <@5#
to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small fm:/}7s
that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. ;c<:"ad(
Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in $7M64K{
the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this 7P:0XML}
way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules #Rjm3#gc
around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella nN/v7^^
are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment. N;RZIg(x
26. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? b
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A. The characteristics of bacteria A
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B. How bacteria reproduce kzgHp,;R{
C. The various functions of bacteria #j iQa"
D. How bacteria contribute to disease h'w9=Pk~6y
27. Bacteria are measured in __________. Hfm4
A. Inches ?i)-K?4Sb
B. Centimeters U-X
C. Microns F)5QpDmqb
D. millimeters dg/7?gV
28. Which of the following is the smallest? bHWy9 -
A. A p inhead RE!MX>sOEq
B. A rounded bacterium M+)%gnq`u
C. A microscope Nki18ud#
D. A rod-shaped bacterium
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29. According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a "`C|;\w
microscope that magnifies 100 times would see ___________. 76$19
A. tiny dots bq<QUw=]q&
B. small “hairs” 5|S|
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C. large rods {foF[M
D. detailed structures ?VS {,"X
30. The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to ZUAWSJ,s
which of the following? 0ydAdgD
A. A rider jumping on a horse’s back pk: ruf`)
B. A ball being hit by a bat |@Q(~[It
C. A boat powered by a motor `
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D. A door closed by a gust of wind. mL18FR N
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. V |#B=W
Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from
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individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. VGWqy4m
Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon =h5&\4r=
monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical, reactions with J U}XSb
hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a D:8-f3
growing, realization that the only effective way to achieve, further reductions in UFouIS#L
vehicle emissions-short of a massive shift away from the private automobile-is to h8u(lIRHQ
replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner burning fuels such as q6\z]8)
compressed natural gas liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol. P]]
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All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and P,CJy|[L
simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in ogip#$A}3
part because they have fewer, if and, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydrocarbons they `^wF]R
do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of large molecules, which tojJQ6;J
have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reactions. >F Z6\
These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely XMa(XOnX
to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the :==kC672
atmosphere. O n the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed *)L%pH>`
natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of heavy fuel tanks-a serious s:jr/ j!
liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency and liquefied petroleum gas faces }Jjq
] lW
fundamental limits on supply. s/`4]B;2U
Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other "aB]?4
carbon-based alternative fuels; they have hither energy content per volume and would h"#^0$f
require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is Vy-H3BR
commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive 8^c|9ow
as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’s most frc>0\
attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle F 3,hx
emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant. `r+e!o
Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is Ju)2J?Xs5
based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest m-*du(
design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for /D 2v1
example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy Z;7f
D
that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to Z&JW}''n|F
be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be "%qGcC8
designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fueled with e,`+6qP{
methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the ]Ol@^$8}
simplest of the Engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still g2 :^Z==
contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution. Kdik7jL/J
31. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with __________. ?Xh=rx_
A. countering a flawed argument that dismisses a possible solution to a problem. QmbD%kW`3
B. reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problem. oKA8)~Xqou
C. identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problem. j9x}D;?n
D. discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it. pYceMZ$
32. According to the passage, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with i,<TaW*I
gasoline than with an alternative fuel because: __________. 'WxcA)z0cQ
A. the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons. 8yB
B. the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate series of reactions. Z fL\3Mn
C. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure. .OX.z~":y
D. gasoline is composed of small molecules. /NMd GKr
33. The passage suggests which of the Following about air pollution? MFiX8zwhx+
A. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not $@}6P,mg
help lower urban air-pollution levels. yZUB8erb.
B. Attempts to reduce the pollutions that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicle ~O
65=8
emits have been largely unsuccessful. d_1w
9FA
C. Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants bkLm]n3
emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles. FL/@e$AK
D. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical source najd~%?Rs
of urban air pollution. z<sf}6q
34. The author describes which of the following as the most appealing feature of ~y$B#.l
methanol? Z[ZqQ` 7N
A. It is substantially less expensive than ethanol. 'fy1'^VPAV
B. It could be provided to consumers through the existing motor fuel distribution z )a8
^]`
system. ,*
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C. It has a higher energy content than other alternative fuels. 7K
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D. Its use would substantially reduce ozone levels. f,)[f M4
35. It can be inferred that the author of the passage most likely regards the criticism w2@ `0
of methanol in the last paragraph as __________. =S|SQz5%w
A. flawed because of the assumptions on which it is based. :PY~Cws
B. inapplicable because of an inconsistency in the critics’ arguments. TStu)6%`
C. misguided because of its exclusively technological focus. UqsVqi
h(
D. invalid because it reflects the personal bias of the critics. O)Nj'Hcu
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. [JO'ta
Tests of reaction times seemed to back up the notion that the two hemispheres k$i76r
differed in their processing styles. Researchers used to believe that an image goes to rgRh ySud
one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the brain. If the nature of the eeoIf4]
stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match up, then the person can respond iRPt0?
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slightly more quickly and accurately in identifying the local or global image. _$9<N5F.,o
Still more startling, researchers found that the same appeared to hold for the brains kK16+`\+
of chimps and perhaps other primates. The assumption has always been that B&0-~o3WP
handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits---part of the great brain B+`m
reorganization that allowed our ancestor to use tools, speak and perhaps even think "qu%$L
rationally. But handedness is now widely claimed for primates and even birds, ;v[F@O~*)
amphibians and whales. And in the past few years, some psychologists have tested 2(\~z@g
chimps and baboons and suggested their two hemispheres also differ in processing s~6?p%
2]
style. 5
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Now researchers have come to see the distinction between the two hemispheres as $83
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a subtle one of processing style, with every mental faculty shared across the brain, and so9h6K{qcp
each side contributing in a complementary, not exclusive, fashion. A smart brain {[m %1O1
became one that simultaneously grasped both the foreground and the background of _WVeb}
the moment S=U*is
The next problem was to work out exactly how the brain manages to produce d?$
FAy'o5
these two contrasting styles. Many researchers originally looked for the explanation in G)?VC^Q
a simple wiring difference within the brain. This theory held that neurons in the left :5L9tNr{_
cortex might make sparse, short-range connections with their neighbors, while cells DDw H9*
on the other side would be more richly and widely connected The result would be that J)6RXt*!
the representation of sensations and memories would be confined lo smallish, discrete od"Oq?~/t
areas in the left hemisphere, while exactly the same input to a corresponding area of V&
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the right side would form a sprawling even impressionistic pattern of activity. W~$YKBW
Supporters of this idea argued that these structural differences would explain why 1[
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left brain language areas are so good at precise representation of words and word I:P/
?-
sequences while the right brain seems to supply a wider sense of context and meaning. ;[R{oW
Nw
A striking finding from some people who suffer right-brain stokes is that they can jqPQ=X
understand the literal meaning of sentences-their l eft brain can still decode the ytf.$P
words-- -but they can no longer get jokes or allusions. Asked to explain even a T$U,rOB"
common proverb, such as “a stitch in time saves nine”, they can only say it must have R*`A',]:9
something to do with sewing. An intact right brain is needed to make the more playful t|0Zpp;
connections. [8EzyB>fH
36. The local or global image is more quickly and accurately identified in the brain \{ r%.G
if _______. 2>80Qp!xO
A. tests of reaction times back up the notion of the two hemispheres 3R1v0
B. an image goes to one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the _5uzu6:y
brain 8
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C. the nature of the stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match up .uG|Vq1v
D. the person can match the image with an object 2 1.;lj
37. Handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits, as is shown in L=nyloz,0
________. 7dhip
A. the brains of chimps and perhaps other primates `h*)PitRa
B. the fact that the great brain reorganization allowed our ancestor to use tools 5(R ./
C. the fact that human beings alone can use tools, speak and think rationally ' te4mY}
D. the two brain hemispheres of chimps and baboons FO#`}? R`
38. According to the text, a smart brain has all the following characteristics ;^za/h>r
EXCEPT _________. *^e06xc:
A. with different processing style qN%i$mJTo
B. with shared mental faculty 9(g?{ 6v|
C. each side contributing in a complementary dr#g[}l'H
D. grasping the foreground and the background of the moment Bj5_=oo+d
39. What is the problem of the people who suffer right-brain strokes? `1aEV#;
A. They can hardly understand the literal meaning of sentences. ^}vL ZA
B. Their left brain can still decode the words. c@!%.# |y
C. They do not understand the common proverb “a stitch in time saves nine”. *Y8nea^$
D. They cannot grasp the meaning of jokes or allusions. wN'Q\l+
40. The best title for the text may be __________. mxUM&`[
A. Left Brain, Right Brain rvrv[^a(
B. The Local of Global Image Y
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C. Human Brain and Animal Brain s|L}wtc
D. The Smart Brain ',`GdfAsH
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. S?TyC";!
(此文不全) Qz6Ry\u
The Du Pont Company, the 13th largest employer in the U.S., routinely gives Plpt7Pa_
pre-employment blood tests to all blacks who apply for jobs to determine who might _
T ;+*
be a carrier of the trait for sickle-cell anemia, even though the trait is regarded as (ns>z7
largely harmless. Although there are other genetically transmitted blood diseases and 5H8]N#Y&
metabolic disorders that predominate in racial or ethnic groups, blacks are the only ~Iw7Xq E2
ones to be identified with a disease and examined for it at Du Pont. In a three month [AgS@^"sf5
study of genetic screening in the American lace, the New York Times found no }&|S8:
other instance of an ethnic or racial group singled out in or company. !##OQ
Du Pont officials emphasize that the sickle trait tests do not represent discrimination &,~0*&r0
and are only an effort to help them avoid potentially harmful exposure to certain 5k /Y7+*?E
chemicals. Yet the officials can offer no firm evidence that the trait -- not the disease, ~@g7b`t=la
but only a single abnormal gene -- makes blacks more vulnerable. }AdA?
:7A
Du Pont, which employs well over 100,000 workers, is in the vanguard of American Td~CnCor
companies doing genetic screening and thus is at the center of the debate over this 6, =oTmFP
area of science, debate so intense, so broad, that even medical directors from other J~dk4D\
companies who believe possibilities of genetic screening want no part of it. At wCT. (d_
least, not now but officials at Du a leader in the chemical industry with annual ="X2AuK%1$
gross sales of more than $ 10 billion, feel they have the money and the scientists to 9em?2'ysa
turn the distrust into achievement. If some chemicals are highly toxic and the ks{y=@<,
workplace is less than pure, company officials reason, it is only logical to try to !8'mIXZ$
determine why some workers get sicker faster and why others seem to have more ue?e}hF
tolerance for industrial poisons. And so the company is looking beyond the skills and JQSp2b@'H
loyalty of its workers to ery genetic structure. Ih_2")d
The sickle-cell trait is not the same as sickle-cell anemia. The anemia is rare but mRJX,
debilitating disorder found in fewer than 50,000 American blacks, about two-tenths of A^\A^$|O6
a percent of the black population. Perhaps two million other blacks are carriers of ~CTe5PX c
the trait -- they are heterozygous; that ing a gene for sickle-cell 9Rz TC
anemia from one parent. Virtually all the carriers can lead very active lives and show J-Xw}|>@
no symptoms of the disease. oaxCcB=\
41. What does the author say about Du Pont? ?f}lYQzM
A. It examined the blood of some blacks %5) 1^
B. It examined some blacks for their knowledge of blood. A}./ ;[
C. It discovered that some blacks have blood illness. AC`4n|,zJ;
D. It discovered the blood of some blacks containing industrial chemicals. Z %?:
CA
42. What do Du Pont officials say? &35 6
A. They are trying to protect blacks form health threats. q#}#A@Rg
B. They can prove that blacks are likely to have health problems. Io
8h 8N-
C. They regard the skills of workers as the most important matter. . \/jy]Y
D. They hope that other companies can follow their example. '*`25BiQ
43. What is true about genetic screening? @jXdQY%{
A. It often aims at black employees. N*vBu`
B. Its focus is often on sickle-cell anemia. 16;r+.FB'
C. Some companies do not want to do it. +`y{r^xD
D. The US government strongly supports it. +0{$J\s
44. The underlined word “toxic” in the third paragraph probably means _____. 4F WL\;6
A. powerful. YU*u!
B. complex. aicvu(%EE
C. thick. B~\mr{|u
D. poisonous. p,(gv])ie
45. What can we learn about the carriers of sick-cell trait? A }(V2
A. Their number is about 50,000. T/m4jf2
B. They usually seem to have normal lives. FR bmeq3c
C. They include over half of the black population. R
B,`I#z1f
D. They do not seem to be affected by industrial chemicals. c8@zpkMj/
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. fu=GgD*
Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens D@O#P^?
spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group N9SC
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Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents. ?.A~O-w
Shocked at how much money kids spend? Maybe you haven’t cheeked the price Lo<-;;vQ
tags lately on some of the younger generation’s must-haves. w<qn @f
To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem Fj_
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outrageous. Why do some parents give in? Bv=
One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. According Q+
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to the group Adbusters, teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements @zQ.d{
each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music-,and )\`.Ru~,
skin-filled shows on MTV and y o u’ve got a barrage of messages telling kids what they pW
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should own if they want to fit in. t)p . $
“The pressures on parents today are enormous,” says Tom Vogele, a single father fRt`]o
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of twin 18-year-old girls in Newport Beach, Calif. “I truly believe it is harder today to L
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raise children without spoiling them, not because parents are less capable or lazy, but ?"+g6II
because so many forces are working against me.” p%ve1 >c
Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids, [iO*t,3@h
says Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at 8@)4)+e
Christopher Newport University in Virginia. For some, there is probably some guilt S;I>W&U
involved in not spending enough time at home. But, adds Marshall, spending money i".nnAI:
is also often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball games D#.N)@\
or other activities. #Wf9`
“It’s easier to say let’s go out and spend some money, in terms of finding time in a I'%\
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busy schedule to spend with kids,55 Marshall said. ,q".d =6
For many families, of course, keeping up with their children’s costly demands for s?9$o
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designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility. Even for those *a[iq`499
families who can afford such lavish spending, striking a compromise between spoiling e.>>
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the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible. 4iPxtVT
Teaching kids how to budget and save is key, Marshall says. Instead of just giving ;+Sc Vz
children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how RAs5<US:
they can save up for whatever they want, he says. hgU#2`fS
And don’t be afraid to just say no, Marshall adds. “We need to step up and tell Iq%
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kids where the boundaries are, that is parts of our responsibility as parents,” he said. 0kiV-yc
46. In the first paragraph, “Northbrook” is most probably _______. 3;F+.{Icc
A. a market research company based in Illinois +
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B. a spokesman for the Teenage Research Unlimited |9;MP&68
C. the base of the Teenage Research Unlimited W*!u_]K>
D. the city where the spending survey was carried out. >&-"
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47. Some people find it outrageous that . rP<S
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A. some parents indulge their children in extravagant spending 0Vwl\,7z9
B. some younger generation’s must-haves could cost so much 9`|
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C. some parents are ignorant about their children’s spending Z&MfE0F/B
D. some children disregard their notorious spending habits _c@k>"_{S
48. What is the effect of marketing through mass media? IPxK$nI^
A. It fills the market with ads beyond the young’s understanding. "l7))>lL
B. It directs not only the trend but also the ways of advertising. -6yFE- X/
C. It stuffs all kinds of ads into TV shows and radio programs. rd0[(-
D. It triggers young people’s desire to keep up with the trend. eI:;l];G9
49. According to Marshall, parents prefer to spend money on their children mainly ns}"[44C}l
because __. .KX LWH
A. they can’t afford the time to stay with their children. ]4
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B. they want to make up their guilt for their children. slRD /
C. they find it more convenient than going out with the children. O<}Kr
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D. they feel it is hard to raise children without indulging them a?gziCmS?C
50. What does Marshall think parents should do with the children’s spending d:%!)s
habit? KU5|~1t 4
A. They should refuse to pay for their lavish spending. 'H|=]n0
B. They should restrain the children’s spending within limits. YjTA+1}
C. They should be responsible for providing for the children. QmR
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D. They should draw up a budget plan for the children.
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Part III Cloze (10 points) NUjo5.7
Directions: %$3)xtS6
It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. Smjg[
This is only true if you pursue it _51_. Gamblers at Monte Carlo are pursuing money, 4&a,7uVer
and most of them lose it instead, but there are other ways of pursuing money, which cUPC8k.1
often _52_. So it is with happiness. If you pursue it _53_ drink, you are forgetting the 6d%'>^`(o-
hang-over. Epicurus pursue it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry <&Q(I+^
bread, __54_ by a little cheese on feast days. His method proved successful in his case, _5l3e7YN
but he was a valetudinarian, and most people would need something more _55_. For M>kk"tyM
most people, the pursuit of happiness, _56_ supplemented in various ways, is too A\S1{JrR
Read the following text. Choose the best word((s) for each numbered \8HLQly|@
bland and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet. :Tu%0="ye
abstract and theoretical to be _57_ as a personal rule of life. But I think that _58_ @b,&b6V
personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and heroic cases, be /`"&n1
_59_ with happiness. [tEHr
There are a great many people who have all the _60_ conditions of happiness, i.e. wO&2S-;_K
health and a sufficient income, and who, _61_, are profoundly unhappy. In such cases TP-<Lhy
it would seem as if the _62_ must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one '
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sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong. We imagine ourselves g-cC&)0Q
more different from the animals than we are. Animals live on _63_, and are happy as 7\e96+j|f
long as external conditions are _64_. If you have a cat it will enjoy life if it has food 0*-nVC1
and warmth and opportunities for an _65_ night on the tiles. Your needs are more 5Rc^5Nv
complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. In civilized hr)CxsPoRQ
societies, especially in English-speaking societies, this is too _66_ to be forgotten. WI+ 5x
People proposed to themselves some one paramount objective and _67_ all impulses cHO8%xu`
that do not minister to it. A business man may be so _68_ to grow rich that to this end 5[{#/!LX)
he _69_ health and private affections. When at last he has become rich, no _70_ X|3l*FL
remains to him except harrying other people by exhortations to imitate his noble oy?>e1Sy*
example. IC:wof "
51. A. eagerly B. reasonably C. reluctantly D. Uq8=R)1<|d
unwisely c'8a)j$$+
52. A. s ucceed B. enrich C. win D. *w[\(d'T
defeat buv*qPO
53. A. at the expense of B. by means of C. in need of D. for O*d4zBT
fear of d|, B* N(w
54. A. compensated B. supplemented C. accompanied D. 8iDg2_l`G
accumulated Z;XiA<|
55. A. prosperous B. rigorous C. vigorous D. dU4G!
gorgeous ggR--`D[
56. A. e ven B. though C. unless D. if cx(W{O"Jb
57. A. extravagant B. deficient C. excessive D. ;C+g)BW
adequate ~il{6Z+#n
58. A. w hatever B. whenever C. however D. ydyGPZt
whosever i47xF7y\
59. A. incomparable B. incompatible C. incapable D. %%w/;o!c
incredible ^S'#)H-8C3
60. A. spiritual B. material C. economical D. social c T!L+zg
61. A. nevertheless B. therefore C. otherwise D. hence j$K[QSn
62. A. flaw B. error C. defect D. fault NQD*8PGfj
63. A. intelligence B. imitation C. impulse D.
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impression Du3nK"-g
64. A. vulnerable B. conceivable C. endurable D. {Va"o~io
favorable #''q :^EQ
65. A. e nthusiastic B. occasional C. indifferent D. E|aPkq]
underlying A?q9(n|A"
66. A. abrupt B. absurd C acute D. apt tv+H4/
67. A. hinder B. restrain C. refrain D. "1U:qr2-H
abolish zgdOugmmt_
68. A. a nxious B. obvious C. suspicious D. 73C
cautious ZL3aO,G2
69. A. abandons B. cherishes C. sacrifices D. dtdz!'q)Y
reconciles NTHy!y<!h
70. A. p leasure B. property C. wealth D. W|PKcZ ]Uc
opportunities M=}vDw]Q
Part IV English-Chinese Translation (15 points) -}Jf4k#G
Directions: Read the following passage into Chinese and write your answers on the tsFwFB*
Answer l+>&-lX'
The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. The "))G|+tz
first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy _%)v
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trains running at high speeds. Railroad executives wanted to replace them with steel 4DL;/Z
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rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty limes longer. WCbv5)uTUs
Before the 1870’s, however, steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made P8JN
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by a slow and expensive process of heating, stirring, and reheating iron ore. ?s<'3I{
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Sheet. $Q[>v!!X
Then the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered that directing a blast of air at 2/9P&c-r