南开大学考博英语部分真题解析 ?^EXTU85`"
Ⅰ LISTENING TEST (20 points) 7]%Ypv$
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Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 points) "9bN+1[<
Part A (5 points) _"%B7FK
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are XZ/[v8
four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes <soz#}e
the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar ~Wp Gf,
across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ. Example: SgEBh
She prefers foreign wine to that produced ________. : ~ A%#
A. previously B. virtually C. primarily D. domestically KnNh9^4"\2
The sentence should read, “She prefers foreign wine to that c0Dmq)HK?
produced domestically.” \M"UmSB o
Therefore, you should choose D. Sample Answer [A][B][C][D] 6ITLGA
1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, 5
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but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages Do]*JO)(
________patriotism. P &)1Rka
A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable nCKbgM'"
2. One can understand others much better by noting the immediate G3G6IP
and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ________ to expressed CZEW-PIhj
thoughts. o."rxd
(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) 2Nj9U#A
A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions EHlytG}@
3. People innately ________ for superiority over their peers Q8MS,7y/
although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. ?/JBt
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A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere {FI\~q
4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or b59{)u4F
wildlife ________ for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness = zl=SLe
areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally ? &zQaxD
while we observe them. jvVi%k
A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve htPqT,L
5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________ L"<B;u5pM
a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. 5v^L9!`@%v
A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated zEw>SP1,
6. Melissa is a computer ________ that destroyed files in 4UAvw
computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world. A. d/7l efF
genius B. virus C. disease D. bacteria &gc`<kLu
7. The ________ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form @rb l^
of competition in schools. ~@8+hnE]
A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate 8. The 5A&y]5-Q`
boy seemed more ________ to their poverty after seeing how his Vj;
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grandparents lived. <E\V`g
A. reconciled B. consolidated C. deteriorated D. attributed D{'#er
9. During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ________ a chance B(l-}|m_
to practice his Chinese. sygH1|f
A. passed on B. passed up C. passed by D. passed out @<_`2eW'/R
10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ________
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can be distributed. J fcMca
A. paradoxes B. legacies C. platitudes D. analogies v\ZBv zd
Part B (5 points ) rdj@u47
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word 9e<Zgr?N
or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, SvK1.NUa
B, C, and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined d^39t4
part. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the =:h3w#_c
square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ. 2w?G.pO#
Example: The secretary is very competent; she can finish all xKp0r1}
these letters within one hour. Q2C)tVK+
A. careful B. industrious C. clever D. capable ~,}s(`~
In this sentence, “competent” is closest in meaning to zj]b&In6;
“capable”. Therefore you should choose D. Sample Answer # bX~=`
[A][B][C][D] gwQvao
11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in 6b:DJ
traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby. '7nJb6V,0l
A. depict B. advocate C. criticize D. analyze vmKTF!;
12. They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic ) Ypz!
to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly X*Z5 P
rival. ]+IVSxa!u
A. confirm B. achieve C. match D. exaggerate A9BxwQU#
13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic xbC~C
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industrial wastes. A. imminent B. recyclable C. smelly D. poisonous !cCg/
14. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate |t\KsW
that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N. _hoAW8i
sanction. 11*"d#
A. allies B. delegates C. voters D. juries tL8't]M,
15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our P$h;SK
children's college and our own retirement security is chilling. }W
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A. frightening B. promising C. freezing D. revealing y@9Y,ZR*
16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy EHWv3sR-
against the British Crown. |'@[N,
A. secret plan B. bold attack C. clever design D. joint effort eH=c|m]!P
17. Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify L;C|ow
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to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full $Z7:#cZ Y
range of different theoretical and political positions. !?r/ 4
A. trustworthy B. intelligent C. diligent D. meticulous /$OIlu
18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no ,'-?:`hP'
stories of women being raped orwanton violence against civilians in c+;S<g0
the region. S%V%!803!
A. intriguing B. exasperating C. demonstrative D. unprovoked ~mcZUiP9
19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and o@@w^##
blacked up faces for nocturnalraids in the forest. F=5kF/}x-z
A. illegal B. night-time C. brutal D. abusive tz8t9lb[
20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda 8a!2zwUBV
has a more avidfondness for the limelight. Eb7}$Ji\
A. mercurial B. gallant C. ardent D. frugal MZiF];OY
Ⅲ Cloze (10 points ) W["HDR
Directions: Read the following passage. Choose the best word for -~]^5aa5n
each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single _pW'n=}R
bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I. }Y$VB%&Hy
Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an
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idea, __21__ into a hobby and lately has __22__ into a full-time =KW|#]RB^
passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. tpz=}q
D candidates __23__ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, [sptU3,2U
started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep __24__ of their s3y}Yg
personal interest on the Internet. Before long they __25__ that their *q[^Q'jnN
homebrewed lists were becoming too long and __26__. Gradually they tdb4?^.s
began to spend more and more time on Yahoo. `v<f}
During 1994, they __27__ yahoo into a customized database @hBx,`H^
designed to __28__ the needs of the thousands of users __29__ began ~CJYQFt
to use the service through the closely __30__ Internet community. They }K+\8em
developed customized software to help them __31__ locate, identify H|'$dO)W
and edit material __32__ on the Internet. The name Yahoo is __33__ fV v$K&
to stand for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Orale”, but Filo ?~]>H A:
and Yang insist they selected the __34__ because they considered dfX
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themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first __35__ on Yang's workstation, Z^C!RSQ
“akebono”, while the search engine was __36__ on Filo's computer, u'{sB5_H
“Konishiki”. d?E4[7<t$1
In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication rHR5,N:
in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their !/[AQ{**T!
files __37__ to larger computers __38__ at Netscape. As a result s')!<E+z\t
Stanford's computer network returned to __39__, and both parties pq@$&G
benefited. Today, Yahoo __40__ organized information on tens of {=UKTk/t8
thousands of computers linked to the web. C3^X1F0
21. A. became B. grew C. turn D. intend pZW}^kg=
22. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned $K;_Wf
23. A. in B. on C. about D. for 1Q3%!~<\s
24. A. touch B. contact C. track D. record cM|af#o
25. A. founded B. found C. argued D. reported 2I9{+>k
26. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D. invaluable BZ8h*|uT"
27. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted g=)U_DPRi
28. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate i,\t]EJAU
29. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly mOgx&ns;j
30. A. relative B. interactive C. bound D. contacted <PH3gy
C
31. A. fluently B. efficiently C. exactly D. actually 9p!d Q x
32. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. stored Au%Wrk3j
33. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed t(Cq(.u`:
34. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand \["1N-q b
35. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched \L&qfMjW"Z
36. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked ;L MEU_
37. A. over B. away C. inside D. beneath =t
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38. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. hidden Vz+=ZK r5
39. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal ]*t*/j;N
40. A. attains B. detains C. maintains D. contains R;N>#_9HU
Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (20 points) as\)S?0`.
Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one 4
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of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished NiU tH
statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single gPn%`_d5
baracross the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET I. M?:f^
Passage 1 Ynt&cdK9
Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for pU\xzL D
how to break habits. xw/h~:NT
One application of the threshold method involves the time young +5seT}h
children spend on academic activities. Young children have short *U5>j#,
attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one N:sECGS,
activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer 6H . L!tUI
than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, KX=:)%+
attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To e`gGzyM
apply Guthrie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, }rb ]d'|
limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the %`<`z yf
teacher could gradually increase the time students spend working on ~,3v<A[5Vi
a single activity. y("0Xve
The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and _tR.RAaa"
handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their jd*%.FDi{
movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The M,v@
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distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can [F9KC^%S
fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially iTtAj~dfZ
introduced, students' etters would spill over the borders and v"?PhO/{=
students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters P*qNRP%
within the larger bordens, they can use paper with smaller borders o^"d2=
to help them refine their skills. MjF.>4
The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive 86)
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students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The m@
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teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large @|*Z0bn'
stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After /x"pj3
the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose Vp0GmZ
its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes. -QNMB4
Some students continually race around the gym when they first 8T1DcA*
enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, Wx\"wlJ7.3
the teacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few k:uuJ|
more laps after the class has begun. 9j>sRE1
The incompatible response method can be used with students who 4uE5h~0Z
talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with V{^fH6;[
talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to find
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interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that So]FDd
the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over ^OcfM_4pN
time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for "=RoI
talking with other students. Gw\HL
In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. .g`*cDW^=
The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while %D6Wlf+^n
lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other OL9C#er
elements into each lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in an s&_O2(l
attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course. gkn/E}K#
41. The purpose of this passage is to ________. jW
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A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate Jn[ K0GV
42. Guthrie identified three methods for ________. ifCGNvDR
A. educating students B. altering bad habits XI(@O)
C. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies cj_?*
43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the $aI MQ[(
threshold method? 3\
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A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food 64j 4P 7
that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eii7pbc
eat it. `
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B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time z4+6k-#):
for young children and gradually increase session length but not to ]4~D;mv
where students become frustrated or bored. _SW a3O#'
C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow }$c( $
lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and aJ_Eh(cF
handwriting. F+9`G[
D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun 0P/LW|16
by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing Kqu7DZ+W
toys. WbzL!zLd!
44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should !D5
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keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, BD+~8v
and so forth. Over time, watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in I}A#*iD
an activity other than snacking. What method is used in this example? ?qW|k6{O
A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method. Vta;ibdeqW
C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method. df rr.i
45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that ________. rz7b%WY
A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make LKY
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unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she e(5R8ud
becomes exhausted % 7:
B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior xT>V;aa\
with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they 78#ud15Ml
cannot be performed simultaneously =#fvdj
C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is TI&J>/z;$
transformed into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full rt;>pQ9,
strength so it becomes a cue for not performing it /bk} J:QRg
D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers t!N>0]:mo
have child make response incompatible with unwanted response M$A!
Passage 2 u%'22q$
The increase in global trade means that international companies Z28@yD+
cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be xGPv3TLH^
competitive. 9V!K._Cb
Understanding the language and culture of target markets in M#|xj <p
foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international Rznr9L
marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign
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markets with embarrassing results. 2O>iAzc
Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in |zlwPi.
international advertising. k0|InP7
General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when )63w&
it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova” ar%Rr"
is Latin for “new(star)” and means “star” in many languages, but ::w%rv
in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova”, meaning “it doesn't WOoVVjMM
go”. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When c-{]H8$v
GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up” dramatically. p};<l@
Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage l-rI|0D#
companies. One American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant” IYPI5qCR
(for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when dXQWT@$y!E
it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.
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When translated into German, Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive ,P]{*uqGiB
with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”. No Wit1WI;18
wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi. C_o.d~xm
Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good {Gy_QRsp,
translations—other aspects of culture must be researched and + `x
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understood if marketers are to avoid blunders. Zf! 7pM
When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, 5sRNqTIr
tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of ,KWeW^z'7
a culture, they fail to capture their target market. Rp1 OC
For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume H.e@w3+h
into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. ?*HlAVDcFT
The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally i "xq SLf=
used for funerals in many South American countries. 6gn|WO=Wf
Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, !G37K8&&*
companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations _*_zyWW_j
and more sensitive to cultural distinctions. HukHZ;5
The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators Aka`L:k
who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use
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a technique called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of pc #^{-
blunders. pa7fTd
The process used one person to translate a message into the target Z|.z~53;
language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim fw5AZvE6$
to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a "D+QT+sD
word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended X~
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meaning and often causes misunderstandings. p[RD[b
In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need B}p/ ,4x6
to be short and simple. Y\lBPp0{\v
They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in 7RO=X%0A
one part of the world may not be so humorous in another. }w$/x<Q[
46. The best title of this passage might be ______. p^2pv{by
A. Culture Is Very Important in Advertising Z`[j;=[
B. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations
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C. Overcome Cultural Sock in Different Countries
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D. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles oR~+s
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