2004
patr IIvocabulary(10%)
31.All the characters in the play are_____
A.imaginableadj.可想象的, 可能的
B.imaginaryadj.假想的, 想象的, 虚构的
C.imaginativeadj. 富于想象力的
D.imagining
32.Thejudge _____ all the charges against Smith
A.dismisseddismissa charge驳回指控
B.eliminated除去, 排除, 削减(人员)’不予考虑eliminate the false andretain the true去伪存真
C.refusedvt.拒绝, 谢绝n.废物, 垃圾
D.discardedintothe discard成为无用之物; 被遗忘throw sth. into the discard放弃某事
33.Theactress _____ the terms of her contractand was prosecuted起诉 by the producer制片人.
A.ignored(因证据不足而)驳回诉讼
B.ratifiedratify an amendment to a constitution批准宪法修正案
C.draftedvt.起草
D.violated违犯,;扰乱;violate a law犯法violate sleep妨碍睡眠violate sb.'s privacy侵扰某人的安静; 闯入私室
34.Atthis time of the year,university admission offices are_____with inquires fromanxious applicants.
A.annoyed
B.thrilledv.发抖
C.trampledn.踩踏, 蹂躏v.践踏, 踩坏, 轻视
D.reproachedv.责备
35.Whenthe former President_____her candidacy候选资格,she had a good chance of being elected.
A.enforced强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强
B.endorsedv.在(票据)背面签名, 签注(文件), 认可, 签署
C.followup v.穷追, 把...探究到底, 用继续行动来加强效果
D.putforward v.放出, 拿出, 提出, 推举出
36.Thecountry’s highest medal was _____upon him for heroism.
A.earned
B.bestowed给与, 授, 赠, 赐(on, upon)I do not deserve all thepraises bestowed upon me.我不配得到这些赞扬。
C.creditedcredit...to...把...归功于credit sb. with认为某人[某事]具有...creditsth. with把...归因于某人[某事]
D.granted
37.Thelocal government leaders are making every effort to ___the problem of poverty.
A.tackle
B.taperv.逐渐变细, 逐渐减少The organization tapered off in about half a year.那个组织大约半年内就逐渐消失了
C.suppress
D.tangle
38.Atthe party we found that the shy girl __her mother all the time
A.harmonizingwith v.协调
B.clingingto依附, 依靠, 坚持
C.dependingon
D.adjustingto适应, 调节.
39.Wemanaged to reach the top of the mountain,and half an hour later we began to__
A.decline
B.ascendascend to升至; 追溯(到...时间)
C.descenddescend from从...下来是...的后裔, 源于descendupon/on突然拜访某人
D.plunge
40.Losingthe job was bad,but even worse was the feeling that I had___my dear wife andchild
A.letalone停止, 中止, 放松
B.letdown放下, 使失望, 辜负, 松劲, 减速下降
C.letoff放出, 饶恕, 准许...暂停工作
D.let up停止, 中止, 放松
sectionB
41.Thetemperature of the atmosphere becomes colder as elevation increase.
elevationn.上升,海拔, 提高,
A.altituden.(尤指海拔)高度,
B.aptituden.恰当, 智能, 聪明, 自然倾向
C.latituden.纬度, 范围, (用复数)地区, 行动或言论的自由(范围)
D.longituden.经度, 经线
42.Shewas wo stubborn that she wouldn’t change her opinions.
A.unwilling
B.talented
C.obstinate
D.determined
43.OnChristmas Eve ,she spent two hours decorating the room with flower chains.
A.modifying
B.ornamenting装饰, 修饰;
C.disposingvt.①布置;~ furniturein its proper order将家具布置在适当的地方.
②使易患(某病);Getting your feet wet ~s you to catching cold.把脚弄湿使你容易伤风.
D.packing包装, 捆扎, 塞满
Adornvt.装饰；修饰;embellishment装饰,润色,修饰decorate装饰bedeck vt.[~ with]装饰;be ~ed with flowers (jewels, flags)
用花(珠宝,旗子)装饰.
44.Nobodycan stand for long agony of a sever toothache. 极大的痛苦
A.sufferance宽容；默许；容忍；忍受;Itis beyond ~.这无法忍受.
B.suppuration化脓
C.plaguen.瘟疫, 麻烦, 灾祸; v.折磨, 使……苦恼
D.torment痛苦；苦痛;
suffering痛苦,灾害,损害,痛苦的torture剧痛
45.Whenwe recall a story of identical offspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in orderto further his horrible work,we are outaged.
A.enlighted授与……知识, 启发, 启蒙
B.calmed
C.provoked激怒, 惹起, 驱使stir up/arouse
D.moved②感动；鼓动
46.Onlynative-born citizens are eligiblefor the US.presidency.
legible a.清晰的, 易读的
legal法律的, 合法的
eligible常与 for 连用①有被选资格的;be ~ for promotion(membership)in a society在协会里有资格提升(当会员).
A.obliged
B.intelligible
C.competent①[指人]有能力的；能胜任的;be ~ in one's work能胜任工作.be ~ to do sth有能力做某事.
D.qualified
47.Tomorrow’smatch has been called offbecause of the foul weather坏天气
A.prevented
B.delayed
C.cancelled
D.forbidden
48.Losinghis job was a financial catastrophe for his family
A.calamity
B.accident事故,意外伤害,偶然事件
C.frustration挫折,失意
D.depression,抑郁(症),阻抑,压低,抑郁,
49.Childrenwere expected to be obedient and contribute to the well-being of thefamily.A.B.C.D.
A.smart
B.efficient效率高的;~ methods of teaching有效的教学方法. Proficient a.熟练的,精通的,有水平的;be ~ indriving (a car)开车熟练.
C.painstaking辛苦的, 勤勉的, 小心的be ~ withone's work辛勤地工作,苦干.
D.submissive服从的, 顺从的, 柔顺的
50.Whilemany applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within thefamily,others lament the loss of family responsibility and discipline lament v.哀悼, 悔恨, 悲叹
A.mourn
B.delight
C.prosecutev.进行, 实行, 起诉accuse charge with sue
D.condemn判刑, 责备, 处刑, 谴责denounce rebuke convict [~ sb of sth]证明…有罪(错误)；~ sb of his errors证明某人有错误. 9yWSlbPr]
~ sb of theft宣告某人有盗窃罪.be~ed of sin确信有罪.
part IV
passageone
Althoughspeech and writing are the special means of communicating of humans,theinterchange also takes place in many other ways.A person may relay his or herfeelings,thoughts and reactions through body positioning,body contact,bodyodors,eye contatct,responsive actions,habits attitudes,interests,state ofhealth ,dress and grooming修饰,choice if life-style,and use of talents—in fact,through everythingthe individual says or does.
In turn,every person is constantly receivingmultitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five sense andpersonal biorhythm生物节律 system. An individual screens,selects,regulates,and controlsspecific aspects of this information through a process of mental choices.Someof these choices are automatic;some are subconscious because of habit,block,orlack of development; and some are made by a conscious process. The degree towhich a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or herconscious awarness,priority of need,and control of this process.
The person with a behavior disorder is shutoff切断from thecommunicative flow that normally exists among humans.His or her mind isconfused,and he or she may feel unable to express personal thoughts,need,andemotions,and that he or she is communicating clearly but that others cannot orwill not understand.Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems,heor she is interested only in theseproblems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others.The person oftenprojects fears and fantasies onto others设想某人怀有和自己一样的恐惧和幻想,so that no matter what thereal content is of the messages that others relay,the messages received arethreatening ones.
projectsth. onto sb.以己之心度人之腹
The cause of such communicative shutoffs areblocks in the neural pathways of the person’s processing of information.Sometimesa block is physical,as in deafness,mental retardation智力迟钝,brain tumor ,or hardening ofthe cerebral arteries动脉硬化.However,the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a person’semotional system.
Emotional blocks occur to some degree in allhuman beings.They usually occur in childhood before good communicatives skillsare learned,and they are connected to individual symbolism.Unless such a blockis removed shortly after happening,it can have profound and complicatingeffects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest thedevelopment potential of the individual.Even though a child with blocks willappear to grow and to seem mature in some ways,he or she will show the evidenceof emotional blocking in efforts to communicate.
61.Theconcluding phrase of the first paragraph implies that human communication
A.ischaracterized by two features,form and meaning
B.ismainly conducted through speech and writing
C.is oftwo fuctions,stimulation and response
D.takestwo forms,verbal and nonerbal
62.Inthe second paragraph the author is mainly concerned with____
A.communicativeability
B.externaland internal messages
C.informationand mental processing
D.consciousand subconscious awareness
63.Shutoff from the communicative flow,the person with a behavior disorder___
A.isunable to focus attention on internal problems
B.isisolated in internal problems
C.relaysthreatening messages
D.all ofthe above
64.Whichof the following is universal according to the passage?
A.Nerualblocks
B.physicalblocks
C.cerebralblocks
D.emotionalblocks
65.Thepassage ends with____
A.thecontributing factors to emotional and mental disorder
B.theimportance of acquiring good communicative skills
C.thesignificance of eliminating early emotional blocks
D.thewarning of emotional blocks common in childhood
passage2
Despression is a state of low vitality anddiscontent with life in which the individual withdraws from normal lifeactivities even to the point of considering death as an attractive alternative.
Although everyone experiences “the blues” 忧郁, 沮丧or periods of low spirits when nothing in life seems to go well,wheneverything seems to be an effort,and when efforts lead to frustration,theseperiods are usually brief and are likely to occur when the person istired,hungry,lonely,or sick.Rest,good food,talking with friends,some fun/or anend to the sickness are usually enough to cure the blues.But when the lowspirits persist,or when there are large swings in mood from elation todesolation得意洋洋到悲哀,whennothing seems to catch the interest of the person,when relatives of friendscannot cheer the person and he or she continuous to withdraw,then the person isdepressed.
be inthe blues; fall in the blues 情绪低落feel blue感到无精打采give sb. the blues使某人情绪低落have the blues郁郁不乐
lookblue神色沮丧; 脸色发青,
Evensuch depressions are normal under certain circumstances.Anyone who is facedwith a serious and painful illness or the loss of a limb,is exhausted byrepeated narrow escapes九死一生 from death(such as occurs in wartime),has been exposed to adehumanizing 无人性的environment（such as occurred with the Jews inNazi Germany）,has had anoverwhelming无法抵抗的series ofstressful setbacks挫折,or has experienced the death of several family members within ashor time is expected to be depressed.
However,there are many depressed people whoseem to the casual observer to have no reason to be depressed.Depression underthese circumstances stems from severe behavior disturbance (身心等方面的)障碍, 失调 in which the person sees himself or herself as worthless.Such image典型 is usually the result of thepsychosocical conditioning条件作用 of a childhood deprived of a parental role model of security,love,care,and attention essential for the development of trustingrelationships.The depressed person needs to build a new image of himself orherself as a useful and needed person.Psychotherapy is often helpful inrestoring恢复 naturalinner内心的 confidenceand capacity for meaningful and trusting relationships.
Thedepressed person can find little beauty or fun in life.His or her talk isfilled with gloomy negatives.Doom and anxiety fill his or her mind.Depressionis often cyclical,and when the anxiety does lift the person may demonstrate anopposite extreme of carefree无忧无虑的irresponsibility.
Although it often takes years of psychotherapyfor the individual to work through the underlying suspicion and anger of his orher problems,acceptance by another will get through to 使......了解even the most deeply depressedperson if the other is sincere.An attitude of matter-of-fact hopefulness on thepart of those around the depressed person can reassure him or her of eventualrecovery.
Thedisturbed thoughts of the depressed person cannot be forgotten until they arereplaced by other thoughts.Yet,in depression,the person does not see that he orshe has choices about what thoughts occupy his or her mind.The person needs toexplore alternatives for thoughts and actions and learn to care for himself orherself enough to modify his or her own behavior.
66.Unlikeothers,according to the passage,a depressed person___
A.islikely to recover in a short period of time
B.doesnot reveal any underlying causing
C.ischaracteristic of self-hatred
D.tendsto stay with“the blues”
67.Froma serious and painful illness to the death of several family members,the authoris trying to tell us that ___
A.depressionscan potentially be detrimental to mental health
B.theseverity of depression varies with individuals
C.depressionsare overwhelming prevailing
D.depressionsare sometimes inescapable不可避免的
68.Thosewho present no reason to be depressed,according to the passage___
A.needprotect their self-images
B.need aparental role model at home
C.can behelped psychologically to be usueful and need persons
D.can behelped to restore their trusting relationships with their parents
69.Theauthor implies that what the depressed person needs most is ___
A.sincerity
B.acceptance
C.reassurance
D.all ofabove
70.Underpsychotherapy,the depressed person is encouaged___
A.tofree his or her mind of any thought
B.tofind substitutes for the disturbed thoughts
C.toreassure himself or herself of early recovery
D.toexplore as many therapeutic approaches as possible.
Passage3
Seana lived in the inpatient hospice unit formore than a month,far longer than anyone would have predicted,sustained only onpain medications and Popsicles.
Late March in Chicago is only technicallyspring.Most of the time it is still cold and overcast.However,this day waswarm,60 degrees and sunny.It was a Saturday and we planned to go outside afterI finished rounds.I found Seana back on the unit sitting in her wheelchair,IVpole and pumps in tow,her winter coat partially covering hospital gown.Hersister-in-law and Carla,her nurse’s aide,wer ready to go.Everyone was in agreat mood.
We went down the elevator,into the brightlysunlit outdoors,and onto the driveway by the women’s hospital.Though theinitial idea was to just sit in the sun a bit,we were drawn toward thesidewalk.There were the usual smokers outside the hospital,and the smell ofcigarette smoke was the first thing I noticed.It seemed horrible to come outhere,to have that smell be the first thing to greet Seana.Simultaneous withthat thought,though, she said,“What a wonderful smell!”I adked her what smellwas so wonderful and she said that it smelled like McDonald’s.I wasthinking,she really does appreciate everything.We went on to the sidewalk andwatched a father pitching a ball to his 4-year-old son.The continuity betweengrnerations was moving,almost beyond words.As we got to the corner,an inspiration灵感came:we could make it to LakeMichigan,only a few blocks away.Did she want to try?Did everyone want to try?Ofcourse we did!Carla said that it felt like we were cutting school.So off wewent ,across Sheridan Road,the four of us quite a motley sight:Seana lookinglike death warmed over in her wheelchair,I wearing my gray hospital coat,thenurse’s aede in an outrageous green leather coat,her sister-in-law in an OhioState sweatshirt.Cars slowed down;we waved.We walked up the road to thebeach,cutting through rutted lawns,the wheelchair bumping in the springmud.Seana didn’t say much,but she seemed translucent in the sun,beaming,litfrom within.I imagined it as her farewell tour of the world.I can only fathom 看穿 the poignant可怜的 wealth of feelings that werestimulated.For me ,it evoked the sense of being a tourist,where everythingseems special,a little strange,and very impermanent.I had experienced this samelakefront that way three years before.Then,I had just recovered from my ownnear death in the form of a myocardial infarction心肌梗塞 and cardiac arrest and was filled with joy and gratitude感恩；感谢[to sb,for sth]; that I wasstill here.The world looked new.
I hadbeen Seana’s age.
Shetaught me that awareness of death and appreciation of life go together:toimagine that you are seeing things for the last tome has the same intensity asseeing them for the first.
71.Uponfinishing rounds,the author___
A.joinedSeana for an outing
B.wentto the inpatient hospice unit临终关怀病区
C.managedto get a wheelchair for Seana
D.foundthe prrfect weather for a stroll with Seana
72.Wecan infer that the smell of smoke made the author feel that ___
A.it wasa wrong idea to smoke outside of the hospital
B.thesidewlk was a wuong place for smoking
C.it hadbeen the right plan to go out
D.Seanswas at a wrong place
73.Outsidethe hospital,Seana enjoyed everything including___
A.thefast food at McDonald’s
B.thesmell of smoke
C.thegeneration gap
D.all ofthe above
74.Theauthor would say that Seana being wheeled in the sun___
A.wasfascinated by the team’s motley sight
B.imaginedher farewell tour of the world
C.wasemotionally aroused from within
D.wasfond of appreciating nature
75.Duringthe outing,the author perceived Seans’sappreciation of life___
A.in herhope of recvery
B.in herawareness of death
C.inseeing things for the first time
D.inbing a tourist at the lakefront
Passage4
Twoequally brilliant scientists apply for a prestigious research fellowshipawarded by a top scientific prganization.One is white,the other black.Does thecolor of their skin matter?
Mostscientists will already be screaming a resounding响亮的 “no”. Those who progress in science do so because of their work,nottheir pigmentation染色.Sceince is meritocratic and objective. It must therefore berigorously color-blind and shun避开 both racial discrimination and affirmative action.
Well,lit’sthink about this.If science really is so meritocratic,where are all the blackNobel prize winners and fellows of the Royal Society?The black chairs ofgovernment scientific panels?The black Richard Dawkinses and SusanGreenfidlds?When Newsweek magazine recently surveyed Europe’s largest 100companies it was shocked to unearth发掘, only six board members of non-European racial origin.One shuddersto think what a similar survey of the upper echelons of European science wouldreveal.
Even theusually stick-in-the-mud保守的; 顽固的 Britishgovernment now acknowledges there is a problem .Last month it promised newfunding for projects desighed to combat institutional racism in science educationin schools.As measures go it is little and late,but welcome nonetheless.Despitestarting school as the top achievers,black British children have longunderperformed in science.
Andthere are positive changes afoot higher up the scientific career ladder too.Atpresent,few scientific organizations ,funding bodies or labs in Europe bothereven to track the racial backgrounds of those they hire or fund.As a result thefull scale of the under-representation problem is hidden.Not for muchlonger.Britain’s newly amended Race Relations Act requires all governmentbodies,including funding councils,to track the effects of their activities ondifferent ethnic groups and ensure that all benefit equally.And next year aEuropean Union directive will push all EU employers this way too.
Butethnic monitoring alone will not create the black role models European scienceso badly needs.Something else is needed.Funding agencies基金管理机 and influential有影响的organizations like the RoyalSociety must bite the bullet of affirmative action.That means ring-fencingfellowships and grants for applicants from particular racial backgrounds.And itmeans seeking out those who have broken through the barriers of race and givingthem preference over their equally well-qualified white peers for positions ofinfluence and places in the spotlight公众注意的中心.
Tokenism表面文章主义 and fine sentiments will nolonger do.With other professions having already leapt ahead in this area,theenduring whiteness持久的苍白 of science is more than an embarrassment阻碍, 困窘:it is a barrier to its very credibility. If a large segment ofEurope’s schoolchildren never see a scientist who looks like them,they willcontinue to think science is not for them.And if scientists don’t reflect themultifarcial多种的 societiesthey live in,they’ll find it hard to win the public trust they crave.
Doescolor matter?You bet it does.
76.Scienceis not so meritocratic because___
A.it iscolor-blind
B.it isracially diaceiminative
C.itawards wrong research workers
D.it ispracticed by the white exclusively
77.Theembarrassing problem addressed in the passage___embarrassment阻碍, 困窘, 拮据
A.wasproved by Newsweek magazine’s survey
B.shockedgovernment scientific panels
C.wasrevealed by the Royal Society
D.all ofthe above
78.Oneof the positive changes afoot is ___
A.fundingresearch institutions of labs
B.settingup a scientific career ladder
C.hidingthe racial discrimination
D.belittleracial backgrounds
79.Tobite the bullet of affirmative action is ___
A.to setup black role models in Europe
B.to keepethnic issues under surveillance
C.torestrict fellowship and grants to the black
D.tobalance the distribution of fellowship and grants between the white and theblack
80.Theauthor argues that color matters because it is of ___
A.thenature of science
B.credibilityin science
C.anembarrassing tokenism
D.mutual相互的trust between generations
passage,5
About 14,000 people will contract染上(疾病）contract a bad habit染上恶习contract pneumonia染上肺炎 HIV taday.And tomorrow and the day after that,and every day for theforeseeable future.That’s 5 million by the end of the year,most of whom will bedead within a decade.
Figures like these bring home the devastating破坏性的, 毁灭性的 impact of AIDS and the urgent need for a cheap,effective vaccinecould stop the tide趋势 of infection and stem 阻止 the need for more,costly treatments.It could even help people whoalready have the virus stay healthy.
Back in 1990,druygs companies and researchersconfidently predicted we’d have a vaccine against HIV-1 within 10 years.Thesewere rash轻率的statements.The virus has turned out to be more cunning and stealthy鬼鬼祟祟的, than anyone expected,and ourknowledge of how vaccines bolster 支持the immune system has’t been good enough.A dozen years on,we stillhave no clear-cut清晰的 candidatefor a vaccine.
So you might expect the announcement of twolarge-scale trials of AIDS vaccines to be applauded.Yet they have beencriticized as a monumental 极端的 waste of money.The trials will test almost identicalvaccines,neither of which is expected to offer great protectionagainst thevirus.What’s more,both are funded by the US government, one through theNational Institute of Health and the other through the Department of Defense国防部.
The NIH国家卫生研究所 and the DoD国防部 have a long history of rivalry竞争 in AIDS research,but in this caseit seems sensible明智的 for theNIH to back down放弃原主张,Althoughthe NIH is under pressure “to be seen to be doing something”,duplicating workof questionable value is itself questionable.Better to join forces with联合 the military for this trial andspend the money saved---which amounts to about ＄60 million---elsewhere.
Thereare,after all,reasons for optimism.A new wave of vaccines from industry andacademia 学术界has nearlycompleted safety tests.It makes sense有意义 to carry out limited trials of all these newcomers,to identifywhich ones offer the best protection,before committing tens of millions ofdollars to large trials.
Such astrategy would need the agreement of drugs companies,government agencies andmedical charities---something that’s not as Utopian as it sounds.The NIH hasalready signed a deal密约 to test a new AIDS vaccine made by the pharmaceuticals giantMerck.And the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, a not-for-profit fundingorganization based in New York,has pioneered new ways to divide up分割 intellectual property 知识产权rights for successful vaccines.
What’sneeded is cooperation and coordination协作和协调,not competition.The important thing is to find the fastest route toan effective vaccine.Every day we forget that ,another 14,000 people pay theprice.
81.Todaythe tide of HIV infection___
A.drown14,000 people
B.callsfor a cheep,effective vaccine
C.rolls滚动前进without any countervailing 对抗measures
D.iscurbed with an inexpensive,effective vaccine
82.Neitherof the vaccines tested in the two large-scale trials___
A.is ina right track
B.turnedout to be a manufacturer
C.issufficiently funded for research
D.iscapable of inhibiting the tide of HIV infections
83.Theauthor questions___
A.thetwo rivisls’ intention to back down
B.insufficientinvestment in AIDS research
C.thetwo trials testing almost indentical vaccines
D.theallocation of funds between the NIH and the DoD
84.Accordingto the passage,it is imperative that___
A.thetwo rivals of AIDS vaccines change their research lines
B.lesspressure be imposed upon the NIH and the DoD
C.theNIH join the DoD
D.all ofthe above
85.Thestrategy put forward in the passage implies that___
A.rivalriescan hamper the fight against AIDS
B.thereare no shortcuts to conqueest over AIDS
C.thetide of AIDS infections is not taken seriously enough
D.onesingle institution is enough to turn out an effective vaccine
passage6
A boy who struggles to read Englishprimary-school storybooks yet has no trouble with university physics textbooksin Japanese is challenging current thinking in dyslexia诵读困难.The 17-year-old boy,known asAS,is the first person shown to be dyslexic in one language but not in another.
“This could have profound consequences forconcepts of reading,”says Taeko Wydell of Brunel University in west London,whohas studied AS.“If there is a specific brain area for reading and person hasimpairment损伤 in thisarea,in theory all his languages should be affected.”The case is also posingproblems for researchers who argue that dyslexia is a visual processingdisorder.
AS has two English-speaking parents but livesin Japan.At the age of six,he began attending a Japanese primary school,but itsoon became clear that he was lagging behind his Japanese counterparts inEnglish.When AS was 13,tests confirmed that the problem was dyslexia,,acongenital天生的 difficultywith reading.The causes of dyslexia are poorly understood,but have been linkedto damage in part of the brain’s left hemsphere known as the perisylvianarea.The condition is marked by an impaired ability to process the writtensymbols of language,such as letters---which has led some researchers to suggestthat the problem lies ultimately根本 in faulty visual processing视觉过程的处理障碍.
Intrigued by AS’s case,Wydell and hercollegue Brain Butterworth of University College London looked at his readingin Japanese.Japanese has two written forms.One,called kanji日本汉字, cinsisfts of symbols thatcarry meaning but have no phonetic value.The kana日文的字母 script contains symbols that correspond to particular sounds.
Wydell first tested AS’s ability to read 160words written in kanji.Many kanji characters have two pronunciations---one inthe Chinese from which the symbols were derived and the other unique toJapanese---but only one is correct in a given context.Knowing how to pronouncea word can be extremely difficult.Yet AS read kanji at undergraduate level andso has no problem with his visual processing skills.He has also passedcompetitive high school entrance exams,which require expertise in kana.
In English,however,AS scored half as well asthe average person of his age when asked to read real words and made-up wordsout loud. And he could read only one of 50 “difficult ”words,such as “nausea”and “aisle”.Nevertheless,AS perceives English sounds “just like a native”,saysWydell.
Wydell argue that AS’s case is difficult toreconcile with 使一致conventional theories about dyslexia .“If AS has a problem with visualprocessing,”she says,“it should show up 暴露 even more in kanji.”She accept that many children diagnosed asdyslexic may well have problems processing visual information,but suspects thatothers ---like AS---suffer from a kind of dyslexia that occurs primarily inEnglish.The problem,she believes,lies in the brains’s ability to tackle theEngliah language complex system of mapping sounds to letters,which gives riseto some eccentric spellings.By contrast,kans letters always sound the same.
Not allresearchers in the field are persuade,however.“If AS’s sight vocabulary is sogood in Japanese,”asks Marjorie Perlman Lorch,a neurolinguist at BirkbeckCollege,“why hasn’t he adopted the same strategy for irregular words inEnglish?”She suspects that AS’s reading problems could stem from his positionas a cultural outsider外人 in Japan. “Social identity and motivational 有关动机的 factors can be crucial.”
86.Dyslexia has been assumed ___
A.to belinked to vision
B.to becaused by faulty visual pocessing
C.to bea congenital disorder of mentality
D.to liein the written symbols of language
87.Whatintrigued Wydell is___
A.AS’svisual processing disorder
B. AS’sdyslexia in his languages
C. AS’simpaired left hemsphere
D. AS’sselective dyslexia
88.According to Wydell’s investigation, AS ___
A.is notdyslexia in Japanese scripts字母
B.is notdyslexia in kanji but in kana
C. is notdyslexia in kana but in kanji
D.has acongential difficulty reading Japanese scrips
89.Wydell finds it hard to explain AS’s case in term of ___
A.faultyvisual processing
B.Englishphonetics and spelling
C.congenitalproblems with reading
D.thedisparities between English and Japanese
90.InAS’s case,according to Lorch,are involved___
A.socialfactors
B.culturalfactors
C.motivationalfactors
D.all ofthe above
how tochoose hospitals after entering WTO
WithChina’s entry into WTO, many people go to joint venture hospitals when they areill. The reason for this is that these hospitals can provide quality servicesbased on their advanced equipment, exquisite techniques, efficiencyadministration and excellent doctors.However, people have to pay a high fee inthese hospitals, 80 percent of which is for the service itself. In China,nongovernmental hospitals occupy 41 percent of the total health carefacilities, but they are relatively small in scale less advanced in equipmentand techniques. Anyhow, more nongovernmental hospitals have been built up afterentering WTO and are making an effort to improve services in term of nursingand rehabilitation of the aged with chronic diseases, and health care forinfants and children. In this view, nongovernmental hospitals have a largegrowing space.
Publichospitals are government-run and excel nongovernmental ones in equipment andtechniques. Compared with joint venture hospitals, charges in public hospitalsare much lows and can be reimbursed according to the rules of socialinsurances, but the poor services are usually a big problem perplexing people.Facing the challenge of entering WTO, public hospitals are undergoing a seriesof reforms including their management system, personnel system, techniques, services,surroundings and fees in order to survive in competition with other types ofhospitals. bJ^Jmb
2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.D
11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A
21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C
31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B
41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A
51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C
61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B
71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B
81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D
2003
part II
31.Sometimesyou can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone in English.
A.frustrated 失败的, 落空的 B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的 C.approved被认可的 D.distracted心烦意乱的
32.Thecompany has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.
A.promised
B.committedcommit oneself to委身于, 专心致志于
C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的
D.converted
33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.
A.inhonor of B.in search of C.in place of D.in favor of
34.Salkwon ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccineagainst polio.
A.accomplishment
a girlof many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘
Amongher accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。
B.qualificationadmission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件
C.eminencewin[reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人
D.patent
35.Thissoftware can be ____ to the needs of each customer.
A.tailored
B.administrated
C.entailedvt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用 entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人 D.accustomedbe accustomedto习惯于accustomoneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯
36.Theaverage commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospitaldoesn’t dare, for lives are____
A.incirculation流通者;传播者
B.underconsideration在考虑之中
C.onhand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有
D.atstake危如累卵, 危险
37.As weneed plain, ____food for the body, so wemust have serious reading for the mind.
A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品
B.diet C.tasteful
D.edibleediblefat食用油脂
38.Henever gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.
A.shownup揭露, 露出, 露面 B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁 C.put on
D.takenon披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行
39.Theteacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.
A.irregular
B.illiterate
C.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的
D.irrational无理性的, 失去理性的
40.Acoronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply tothe heart.
A.denoting指示, 表示 quick pulse often denotes fever.脉搏跳得快常表示发烧。
B.donating
C.relating
D.resortingresort vi.求助, 诉诸, 采取(某种手段等), 常去n.凭借, 手段, 常去之地, 胜地
resortto the seaside常去海滨resort toall kinds of methods采取一切办法
I'msorry you have resorted to deception.我很遗憾你竟用欺骗手段。
41.Humansare using up the world’s natural riches at an alarmingrate. alarming.使人惊动的, 令人担忧的
A.appalling令人震惊的, 骇人听闻的
B.appealing吸引人的, 哀诉似的, 恳求似的
C.alert提防的, 警惕的
D.abnormal
42.Dringwater in many areas of the developing world is contaminated with bacteria.
A.purified
B.multiplied繁殖, 增加;乘multiply 8 by 4以4乘8Efficiencywould be -lied several times.效率将提高好几倍。
C.tainted
D.blendedblend milk with water用水搀杂牛奶
43.Oneof the most noticeable features of U.S society is the diversity of its people.
A.liberty B.democracy C.vatiety D.origin
44.Thecontroversy about abortion has been going on in the United States for mor thantwenty years. controversy.n.论争, 辩论, 论战the scientific controversy科学上的论争
be in acontroversy with sb. on sth.和某人就某事进行论战
giverise to much controversy引起许多争论
A.resentmentn.怨恨, 愤恨
B.consensusn.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论
C.notionn.概念, 观念, 想法, 意见, 打算, 主张, (复数)<美语>小饰物
have agood notion of很懂得have anotion that...认为have nonotion of不明白; 完全不懂;没有...的意思[想法]
D.disputewithoutdispute无争论余地; 的确, 无疑out of dispute无争论余地; 的确, 无疑in dispute在争论中; 尚未解决
45.Ashuman settlement advance ,the tropical forests are retreating and becomingsmaller every year. retreat vi.撤退, 退却n.撤退, 退却glacial retreat【地质】冰川后退
A.retrievingv.重新得到n.找回retrieve... from拯救 ...(免于), (从...)救出
B.sprawling无计划地占用山林农田建造厂房(的)
C.consuming强烈的
D.withdrawing
46.Thewar’s impact on the population of the country was catastrophic.
A.influential B.disastrous C.apparent
D.criticalacritical decision重大的决定criticalcondition(病的)危险状态; 临界状态critical moment
47.Hisphysican told him that not to take much of the drug because it was very potent.
potentremedy有效的药
A.bitterbitter adj.苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的
B.irritantirritantn.刺激物adj.刺激的
C.effective有效的, 被实施的, 给人深刻印象, 有生力量
D.powerfulpowerful drug特效药
48.Certaindrugs can cause transient side effects ,such as sleepiness.
A.permanent
B.residual.剩余的, 残留的
C.irreversibleirreversiblecycle不可逆循环irreversibledeformation【力】不可回复的变形
D.fleeting飞逝的；短暂的
49.Nervousillness may stem frombeing treated inconsiderately in childhood.
A.complain of 抱怨, 抗议
B. giverise to引起, 使发生
C.originateinoriginate from sth.由某事产生[引起]originate in sth.由某事产生[引起]
D.dominateover支配, 占优势
50.Botha person’s heredity and his surroundings help to shapehis chacter.
A.form B.correct C.modify D.improve
Part III Cloze(10%)
There were red faces at one of Britain’sbiggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy ＄100,000 worth of shares from afifteen-old schoolboy (they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell invalue and the schoolboy was unable to 51 . The bank lost ＄20,000 on the 52 that it cannot getback because ,for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and, for another, 53 under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value bythe same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed ＄20,000 54 . Not bad for afifteen-yeat-old. It certainly is better than 55 the morning newspaper. Inanother recent case, a boy of fourteen found , in his grandfather’s house , asuitcase full of foreign banknotes .The clean, crisp banknotes looked very56but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. Thisyoung boy 57straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes.The cashers did not realize that the country in 58had reduced the value of itscurrincy by 90%, they exchanged the notes at their face value at the currentexchange rate.In three days, before he was found out, he took ＄20,000 from nine different banks.59 ,he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restraurant meal, concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends( at least he wasgenerous! ) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also undereighteen the bank shave骗取 60 a lot of money, and several cashiers have lostjobs.
51.A.payoff v.还清(债务等)付清, 报复, 赢利 B.pay upv全部付清 C.pay for偿还, 赔偿 D.pay out.付出, 报复
52.A.principle法则, 原则, 原理 B.criterion C.custom D.deal
53.A.tobe B.havingbeen C.being D.is
54.A.profit B.advantage C.benefit D.commission
55.A.sending B.transmitting发射,传输C.delivering D.dispatching (迅速地)派遣; 派出; (火速)发送(信件, 公文等)
56.A.convincing B.valuable C.unusual D.priceless无价的, 极贵重的
57.A.came B.pull C.headed head to向...(方向)前进 D.pushed
58.A.problem B.question C.talk D.saying
59.A.Interestingly B.Unfortunately C.Particularly D.Amazingly
60.A.kissedgoodbye to失掉; 遭受损失 B. gotrid of C.lived up to.实践, 做到 D.made for
PartIV(30%)
Passage1
In a society where all aspects of our livesare dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence ofour existence.Without the vast advances made by chemists ,physicists, biologist, geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living woulddecline, our flourishing.繁茂的, 繁荣的, 欣欣向荣的, wealthy nation might come toan economic depression, and our people would suffer from disease that could notbe cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of theamenities令人愉快之事物 provided by science, yet ourlives would be altered interminably无止境的without them.
Health care, one of the aspects of oursociety that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively全部地 on scientific discoveries andadvances. Without the caccines created by doctors, disease such as polio小儿麻痹症, , measles麻疹,hepatitis, and the flu would posea threat to 成为…的威胁our citizens, for although someof these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detrimentto an individual affected with the disease.
In addition , science has developed perhapsthe most awe-inspiring.使人畏惧的, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Withoutthe presence of this machine,our world could exist, but the convenience broughtinto life by the computer are unparalleled.
Despite the greatness of present-dayinnovators and scientists and their revelations新发现,it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that ourculture so blatantly disregards明显的忽视. For instance,the light bulb电灯泡,electricity,the telephone, running water, and the automobile arepresent-day staples主要产品 of our society;however,they were not present until scientistsdiscovered them.
Because of the contribution of scientist, ourworld is ever metamorphosing变形, 变质, 使变成,and this metamorphosiseconomically and personally comprise our society, whether our society iscognizant of认识到 this ornot.
61．In the first paragraph the authorimplies that we____
A.wouldnot survive without science
B.takethe amenities of science for granted
C.couldhave raised the standards of living with science
D.wouldbe free of disease because of scientific advances
62. Theauthor uses health care and vaccines to illustrate ____
A.howscience has been developed
B.whatscience means to society
C.whatthe nature of science is
D.howdisease affects society
63.Nothing , according to the author ,can match the invetion of the cumputer interm of ____
in termof从...方面; 从...角度来讲; 以...为单位; 关于, 在...方面, 就...来说
A.power B.novelty C.benefits D.complexity
64. Theauthor seems to be unhappy about ____
A.people’singnorance of their culture
B.people’singnoring the amenities of science
C.people’s making no contributions to society
D.people’s misunderstanding of scientific advance.
65.Theauthor’s tone in the passage is ____
A.critieal
B.cognizant
C.appreciative
D.paradoxical荒谬的aparadoxical speech自相矛盾的演说
passage2
Biotechnology生物工艺学is expected to bring important advances in medical diagnosis andtherpy ,in solving food problems, in energy saving能源节省, in environmentally compatiblebe compatible with与...相适应,不矛盾industrial and agriculturalproduction, and in specially targeted environmental protection projects环境保护计划.Genetically alteredmicroorganisms can break down制服 a wide range of pollutions by being used , for example, inbio-filters生物过滤器, 细菌过滤器and wastewater-treatmentfacilities, and in the clean-up of polluted sites. Genetically altered modifiedorganisms can also alleviate environmental burdens by reducing the need forpestcides, fertilizers, and medications.
Sustainability, as a strategic aim, involvesoptimizing the interactions between nature, society, and the economy, inaccording with与...一致, 与...契合(指见解, 观点等) ecological criteria .Political leader and scientist alike face thechallenge of recognizing承认 interrelationships and interactions between ecological, economic,and social factors and taking account of these factors when seeking solutionstrategies . To meet this challenge, decision-makers决策者 require interdisciplinaryapproches and strategies that cut across超出...的界线politicallines. Environmental discussion must become more objective, and this includes,especially, debates about the risks or new technologies , which are oftenideologically 意识形态的charged.In light of按照,根据,考虑到… the complex issue involved in sustainable development ,we needclearer standards for orienting and assessing our environmental policy.
Sustainabledevelopment can succeed only if all areas of the political sector, of society,and of science accept the concept and work together to implement it.A commonbasic understanding of environmental ethics is needed to ensure that protectionof the natural foundation of life becomes a major consideration in allpolitical and individual action. A dialogue among representatives of allsectors of society is needed if appropriate environmental policies are to bedivised and implemented.
66.Biotechology ____
A.canhelp save enery and integrate industry and agriculture
B.canrid humans of disease and solve food problems
C.cantreat pollution and protect environment
D .allof the above
67.Wastewatercan be treated ____
A.ingenetic engineering
B.bymeans of biotechology
C.inagriculture as well as industrial
D.withoutthe need for breaking down pollutants
68.Whenhe says approaches and strategies that cut across political lines,the authormeans that they ____
A.involveecomic issues
B.observeecological criteria
C.arepolitically significant
D.overcomepolitical barriers
69. Itcan be inferred from the passage that the complexity of sustainable development____
A.makesit necessary to improve the assessing standards
B.rendersenviromental discussion possible
C.chargesnew technology risks
D.requiressimplification
70.Thesuccess of sustainable development lies in ____
A.itsconcept to be
B.goodsocial teamwork
C.appropriateenvironmental policies
D.therepresentatives of all sectors of society
passage3
people from around the world flock to theUnited States expecting to find a better life.But to scientists surprise,agrowing body of evidence indicates that increasing familiarity with U.S cultureand society renders给予补偿 immigrants and their children for more susceptible to many mentaland physical ailments, even if they attain financial success.
The latest study of this phenomenon,directedby epidemiologist William A.Vega of the University of Texas, San Antonio, findsmuch higher rates of major depression,substance abuse, and other mentaldisorders in U.S-born Mexican-Americans compared with both recent andlong-standing Mexican-Americans.This pattern held有效 regardless of education of income levels.
Vega’s results appear at the same time as therelease of a national report on declining physical and mental health inchildrin of immigrant families.A panel convened 召集, 集合by thenational research council理事会 and the institute学会 of medicine,both in Washingto,D.C.,reviewed previous studies andconcluded that assimilation into a U.S.lifestyle may undermine the overall全部的, 全面的health of immigrant children much more than being poor does.
In contrast,studies of nonimmigrant U.S.residents usually link poverty to poor physical and mental health.
“Thematerial on immigrant health shocked me when we first reviewed it”,says panelmember Arthus M.Kleinman,a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School in Boston.“Vega’s study is consistent with 和…一致the panel’sconclusion that immigrants’ health deteriorate with assimilation to U.S.society, declining 使…下降towardgeneral US. norms,” says Kleinman. Other studies have indicated that citizensof many countries ,including Mexico, are healthier overall than US citizen.
Vega’steam interviewed采访3012 adultsof Mexican origin, ages 18-59 ,living in Fresno County,Calif. Of thatnumber,1810 people identified themselves as immigrants. Interviews were inEnglish or Spanish.Interviewers expressed an interesting in health issues onlyand tried to minimize any tendency of participants to lie---due to US residencyconcerns--- about having immigranted.
Nearlyone-half of US-born Mexican-Americans had suffered from at least one of 12psychiatric disorders at some time in their lives,compared with onlyone-quarter of immigrants. Common mental conditions in US-born individiualsincluded major depression成年抑郁症,phobias恐怖症 and other anxiety disorders,and substance abuse and dependece.
Prevalencerates for mental disorders were lowest for those who had immigrated within thepast 13 years.The high rates found among immigrants of 13 or more years stillfell considerably below those for the native-born group.
71.Vega’sgroup was surprised to find worse physical and mental health in ____
A.bothrecent and long-standing Mexican-American immigrants
B.theimmigrants who received fewer years of education
C.thefinancially disadvantaged immigrants贫穷的移民
D.US-bornMexican-American
72.Thescientists found that the immigrants’ declining physical and mental health islinked to ____
A.being reluctant to assimilate into the USlifestyle
B.blendingwith US culture and society
C.workinghard for a better life
D.beingpoor
73. Vegaand Kleinman____
A.aredivided over the phenomenon be divided on sth在…上有分歧
B.ascribethe phenomenon to racial discrimination
C.puzzleover the phenomenon
D.seemto see eye to eye on the phenomenon
74.Vega’s team interviewed the immigrants____
A.fortheir US residency concerns
B.fortheir identifications
C.fortheis health issues
D.all ofabove
75.Which of the following groups is least susceptible to mental disorders?
A.TheUS-born Mexican-Americans
B.Theimmigrants of 13 or more years
C. Theimmigrants of financial success
D. Theimmigrants of less than13
Passage4
Rain is not what it used to be. A new studyreveals that much of the precipitation(雨、雪等的)降落; 降水[雨](量) in Europecontains such high levels of dissolved pesticides that it would be illegal tosupply it as drinking water.
“Studies in Switzerland have found that rainis laced with混有 toxiclevels of atrazine除草剂, regularly exceeded in rain”,says Stephan Muller, a chemist at theWwiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technlgy in Dubendorf.Thechemicals appear to 似乎have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds.
Both the Europe Union and Switzerland haveset a limit of 100 nanograms for any particular pesticide of driking warter.But ,especially in the first minutes of a heavy storm,rain can contain muchmore than that.
In a study to be published by Muller and hiscollegue Thomas Bucheli in Anslytical Chemistry this summer,one sample ofrainwater contained almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2,4- dinitrophinol, awidely used pesticide.Previously,the author had shown that in rain sample takenfrom 41 storms ,nine contained more than 100 nanograms of atrazine perliter,one of them around 900 nanograms.
In the latest study,the highestconcentrations of pesticides turned up in the first rain after a ling dryspell,particalarly when local fields had recently been sprayed,Until now ,scientist had assumed that the pesticides only infiltrated groundwater directlyfrom fields.
Muller warns that the growing practice ofusing rainwater that falls onto roofs to recharge再装填 underground water may be adding to be danger.This water oftencontains dissolved herbicides that had been added to roofing materials, such asbitumen sheets,to prevent vegetation growing.He suggests that the first flushof rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution of drinking water,whichis not usuaslly treated to remove these herbicides and pesticides.
76.Accordingto the Swedish scientist ,the pestcides in rain ____
A.exceedthose in crop sprays
B.can betraced back to crop sprays
C.arenot as toxic as they used to be
D.arenothing but atrazine and alachlor
77.Muller and Bucheli found that 2,4-dinitrophenol____
A.is widely used in agriculture
B.exceededatrazine in the rain sample water
C.can bemeasured in the units of nanograms
D.wasfar in excess of limit in drinking water
78.Scientistsused to hypothesize that ____
A.groundwaterwas sage for drinking water
B.herbicidesand pesticides were harmless
C.pesticidescontainated groundwater of drinking water
D.rainwould minimize the pollution of drinking water
79.Mullerwarns us not ____
A.nottap groundwarter for drinking water
B.to usesuch roofing materials as bitumen sheets
C.to letthe first flush of rain recharge underground water
D.todivert the flush of rain into sewers without removing its herbicides andpesticides
80.Whichof the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.Drinking water
B.Rainwaterand underground water
C.Agricultureand pesticides
D.Fallingpesticides
Passage5
Folk wisdom holds that the blind can hearbetter than people with sight.Scientists have a new reason to believe it.
Reasearch now indicates that blind andsighted people display the same skill at locating a sound’s origin when usingboth ears ,but some blind people can home in on sounds more accurately thantheir sighted counterparts when all have one ear blocked.Canadian scientistsdescribed the work in the Sept.17 NATUR.
Participants in the study were testedindividually in a sound-insulated绝缘的; 隔热的 room.Theyfaced 16 small,concealed loudspeakers arrayed in a semicircle a few feet away.Witha headrest keeping their head steady,the participants pointed to the perceivedorigins of the sounds.
The rearchers tested eight blind people,whohad been completely sightless from birth of since a very early age.They alsotested three nearly blind persons,who had some residual vision at the periphery外围 of their gaze;seven sightedpeople wearing blindfolds;and 29 sighted people without blindfolds.Allparticipants were tested beforehand to ensure that their hearing was normal.
When restricted to one-ear,ormonaural,listening,four of the eight blind people identified sound sources moreaccurately than did the sighted people,says study co-author合著者 Michel Pare,a neuroscientist atthe University of Montreal.The sighted people showed especially poorlocalization of sounds from the speakers on the side of the blocked ear.
In sighted people who can hear with bothears,“the brain learns to rely on binaural (stereo) cues.These data suggestthat blind people haven’t learned that and Keep monaural cues as the dominantcues,”says Eric I.Knudsen,a neurobiologist at Stanford University SchoolMedicine ,“I find it surpring.”
81. onething is sure that participants in the study ____
A.hadnormal hearing
B.wereborn blind
C.woreblind folds
D.weredivided into 2 groups
82.Underwhat conditions, according to Pare,did the blind testees perform better thantheir sighted counterparts?
A.when both used one ear
B.whenthe speakers were concealed
C.whenthe sounds were turned down
D.whenboth were restricted to blindfolds
83.Knudsenexplained the better hearing on the part of 就…来说the blind interms of ____
A.cognitivepsychology
B.visualimages
C.binauralcues
D.monauralcues
84.TheCanadian scientists did their test to answer the question whether ____
A.theblind can hears as well as the sighted
B.theblind have hearing capabilities
C.blindpeople track sounds better
D.folkwisdom is educational
85.WhatFolk wisdom holds in the passage____
A.wasscientifically tested in Canada and US,with different results produced
B.hasbeen scientifically verifed
C.meritsfurther investigation
D.issurprising to everyone
passage6
“I got cancerin my prostrate.”DetectiveAndy Sipowicz of the fictional 15th Precinct,a stoic,big bear of a man ,isclearly in a world of极大的 pain in a 1998 episode of NYPD Blue.The story line故事情节 deals not only with cancer butalso with medical screw-ups一团糟,hospital indignities轻蔑,and physician arrogance.The malapropism用词错误(Andy,of course,meant“prostate”) is about the only medical detail the show got wrong-and it wasdeliberate,in keeping with与…一致 Sipowicz’scoarse粗糙的buttenderhearted character.Television,which can still depict 描写death as an event akin类似的 to fainting,is beginning to tryharder to get its health information right.And a handful of 一把foundations基金会 and consultants咨询者 are working to get the attentionof writers,producers ,and assorted各种的 Hollywood moguls险要人物,trying to convince them that,in the area of medicine,the truth isas compelling 引人注目的as fiction.
The stakes are high.Surveys show howsurprising number of Americans get much of their basic health information notfrom their doctors,not even from newspapers of news magazines,but fromentertainment television.A survey by the federal Centers for Disease andPrevention found that among people who watch soap operas about disease and itsprevention from the daytime serials.Some 7 percent actually visited a doctorbecause of something they viewed.
Certain television shows are naturals forhealth education. The Clinton Adminstation has been quick so recognize thepotency力量 of theentertainment media as a health promoter. Secretary 国务卿Donna Shalala,whose Department ofHealth and Human Services educates the public through traditional brochures小册子 and public serviceAnnouncements,has offered TV writers the sources of her department to help themensure accuracy.“Entertainment television reaches the hearts and minds ofmillions of Americans,”she told US News.“In recent years,I have challenged 表示置疑television talk-showhosts,writers and producers----as professionals,parents and citizens---to usethis incredible power to help Americans get accurate public healthinformation.”
86. Thestory line “I got cancer in my prostrate”’s intented to achieve a(n ) ____ effect
A.amusing
B.serious
C.puzzling
D.saddening
87.Theword malapropism in the first paragraph can be defined as ____
A.animproper scene in a show
B.asignificant detail of a story
C.awrong use of a word
D.aninteresting plot
88. wecan infer from the passage that ____
A.TVshow must take into consideration the public health consequences
B.viewersof TV shows can distinguish between fiction and truth
C.the TVstaff are conscientiously responsible for the quality of their shows
D.entertainmentcan be pursued at the cost of accuracy
89.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.TV shows are often misleading in medicaldetails
B.TV’srole as a health promoter is already recognized
C.Officialsupport is available for TV’s efforts to be scientific and accurate
D.Entertainmentis justified in making up absurd stories
90.Theautor would be in favor of ____
A.absurdbut entertaining TV shows
B.mixingmedicine and entertainment
C.medicaldocumentaries on TV
D.adivorce between science and entertainment
