2010年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 q~`dxq`}
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The strangest weather of last year was possibly not on Earth, but on the Sun. Every 11years (31) the Sun goes through a cycle of sunspots- actually magnetic storms erupting across its surface. The number of sunspots (32) _ its minimum in 2007 and (33) have increased soon afterwards, but the Sun has remained strangely quiet since then. Scientists have been baffled as weeks and sometimes months have gone by without a single sunspot, in (34) is thought to be the deepest solar minimum for almost 100 years. |y
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This (35) of solar activity means that cosmic rays reaching Earth from space have increased and the planet's ionosphere in the upper atmosphere has sunk in (36) , giving less drag on satellites and making collisions between them and space junk more likely. The solar minimum could also be cooling the climate on Earth because of slightly diminished solar irradiance, in fact, the quiet spell on the Sun may be (37) some of the warming effects of greenhouse gases, according to recent research by two US solar scientists. The solar minimum, their study suggests, accounts for the somewhat fiat temperature trend of the past decade. But uHq;z{ 2GI
(38) if this solar minimum is offsetting global warming, scientists stress that the overall effect is relatively slight and certainly will not last. ]=ADX}
The Sun has gone into long quiet spells before. From 1645 to 1715 few sunspots were seen during a period called the Little Ice Age, when short summers and savage winters often plagued Northern Europe. Scotland was hit particularly (39) as harvests were ruined in cold, miserable summers, which led to famine, death, migration and huge depopulation, But whether the quiet Sun was entirely to blame for it remains highly (40) ;Z); k`j
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32. [A] increased [B] got [C] reduced [D] reached BbiyyRa
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40. [A] certain [B] unlikely [C] likely [D] uncertain J/IRCjQ}
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2009年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 YmpaLZJ
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Three (51) _ years ago Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit made his (52) g)R 2V
thermometer in his home town of Danzig (Now Gdansk in Poland). The thermometer was filled with (53) and completely sealed, but it was not much use without some sort of (54) to measure the temperature. 7377g'jL
One story (55) that, during the winter of 1708-09, Fahrenheit took a measurement of 0 degrees as the coldest temperature outdoors — which would now read as minus 17. 8C. Five years (56) he used mercury instead of alcohol for his (57) , and made a top reference point by measuring his own body temperature as 90 degrees. Soon afterwards he became a glassblower, (58) }LeS3\+UHl
allowed him to make thinly blown glass tubes that could be marked up with more points on the scale and so (59) accuracy. fs?H
Eventually he took the (60) point of his temperature scale from a leading made in ice, water and salt, and a top point made from the boiling point of water. The scale was recalibrated using 180 degrees between these (61) points and Fahrenheit was able to make much more accurate and more (62) measurements of temperature.
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53. [A] alcohol [B]mercury [C] sand [D] salt w]yVNB
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59. [A]enlarge [B] add up [C] increase [D] promote Qj;{Z*l%+
60. [A] coldest [B]lowest [C] coolest [D] deepest
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62. [A] continuous [B] continuant [C]coherent [D] consistent Hj|&P/jY]*
63. [A] eventually [B] accidentally [C] surprisingly [D] fortunately a!E22k?((z
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65. [A] kept [B]remained [C] maintained [D] sustained d_M+W@{
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注:64题是存在争议的一道题,这在完形填空题型中很普遍,大家不必在哪个是最佳选 项上纠结,弄清题目的意思即可,这里要表达的是得到许多国家的认可。 D,ZLo~
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2010(03)年中科院博士研究生入学考试英语试题 LWT\1#
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Time for another global-competitiveness alert. In the Third International Mathematics and Science Study—which last year tested a half-million students in 41 countries—American eighth graders 21 below the world average in math. And that's not even 22 part. Consider this as you try to 23 which countries will dominate the technology markets of the 21st century: the top 10 percent of America's math students scored about the same as the average kid in the global 24 , Singapore. ERV]N:(
It isn't exactly a news flash these days 25 Americans score behind the curve on international tests. But educators say this study is 26 because it monitored variables both inside and outside the classroom. Laziness—the factor often 27 for Americans poor performance—is not the culprit here. American students 28 spend more time in class than pupils in Japan and Germany. 29 , they get more pWGR#x'
homework and watch the same amount of TV. The problem, educators say, is not the kids but a curriculum that is too 30 . The study found that lessons for U. S. eighth graders contained topics mastered by seventh graders in other countries. 31a,i2Q4
Teachers actually agree that Americans need to 31 their kids to more sophisticated math earlier. Unfortunately, experts say, the teachers don't recognize that 32 these concepts are taught is as important as the concepts themselves. oNAnJ+_
Most educators rely 33 on textbooks and rote learning (死记硬背) . While many >bh+!5Y0
textbooks cover 34 ideas, most do so superficially, 35 students with the techniques but not the mastery of the broader principles. + U5Q/g
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2009(03)年中科院博士研究生入学考试英语试题 6R n?pe^
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Attitudes of respect, modesty and fair play can grow only out of slowly acquired skills that parents teach their children over many years through shared experience and memory. If a child reaches adulthood 21 recollections only of television, Little League and birthday parties, then that child has little to 22 when a true test of character comes up—say, in a(n) 23 business situation. " 24 that child feels grounded in who he is and where he comes from, 25 else is an act, " says etiquette expert Betty Jo Trakimas. #DUfEZ
The Dickmeyers of Carmel, Indiana 26 every Friday night as "family night" with their three children. Often the family plays board games or hide-and-seek. "My children love it, "says Theresa, their mother.
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Can playing hide-and-seek really teach a child about manners? Yes, says Trakimas and 27 , because it ells the child that his parents 28 enough to spend time with him, he is loved and can learn to love others. "Manners aren't about using the 29 fork , " Trakimas adds, "Manners are about being kind—giving 30 , team-playing, making tiny sacrifices. Children learn that 31 their parents. " 'Lrn<
While children don't 32 warm to the idea of learning to be polite, there's no reason for them to see manners as a bunch of dreary 33 either. They're the building blocks of a child's education. " 34 a rule becomes second nature, it frees us, " Trakimas says. How well could Tiger Woods play golf if he had to keep DhyR
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