一、主句单一原则 9!Vp-bo
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 A*3R@G*h
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不 _ 4+=S)$
能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 -!ERe@k(
8R.` *
例 1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. xqaw00,s
(A) They occur where they are AmT*{Fz8
(B) Occuring where 7.xJ:r|
(C) Where they occur \fD[Ej
(D) Where do they occur 58_aI?~>>
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 .@]M'S^1
C 为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 k3t2{=&'&x
{m<!-B95
例 2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center 0B~Q.tyP
(A) Fort Wayne Nh\y@\F>
(B) Although Fort Wayne UHUO
9h
(C) For wayne is in N
bW5a3=
(D) Fort Wayne, in )ur&Mnmm
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格 64qQ:D7C
处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中 although能引导从句,故选(B)。 gb/M@6/j
@;@Wt`(2a
uDi#a~m@
二、谓语动词专一原则 A)q,VSR8
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 >zAI#N4
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 Dbo.N`
8RR6f98FF
例 1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” 0,`$ KbV\
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with OT5'c l
social issues. TID0x/j"K5
(A) covers '%"#]
(B) covers it
wc'K=;c
(C) which covers ~X
-.@k'
(D) which it covers dO[w3\~
分析:空格后的 deals with 是谓语动词,A, B 是谓语形式, 和 deals with 之间没有连接词, oFRb+H(E
可先排除; D 中的 it 多余,因为在定语从句中 which 已经作了主语;C 构成正确的定语从句
O}3M+
$wn"+wX
例 2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused dj76YK
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on c!%:f^7
g
the paper. 1`_i%R^
(A) the impression is N7xkkAS{
(B) if the impression is BE}qwP^
(C) impressions W$Bx?}x($
(D) the impression r8M/E
lbk
分析:题目中的 is 是谓语,A,B 中是谓语重复。C 为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词 is 的数 w`Dzk.2
不一致,故也排除。因此选择 D,caused.... 修饰 impression -3r&O:
三、平行结构 .j4IW3)
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有 and, 或者 and 后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平 mYk5f_}
行结构。 QE5
85s
5
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: gGU3e(!Uc
A and B, *R>I%?]V3
A , B, and C Q_#X*I
UgJ^
NF2w
例 1:The technique of recording, classifying, and--
]IJ.}
is known as accounting. ^dYLB.'=
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary DRVvW6s
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's 1)NX;CN
transactions n@g[VR2t
(C) transactions of an enterprise are tO?*x/XC{
summarized 4aB`wA^x
(D) summarizing the transactions of an hv
.Mf.m
enterprise 6M$.gX
G.
分析:空格的后面是 and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面 recording、classifying 并列的 ^O\tN\g;c
动名词。 foE2rV/Y
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 sS(^7GARa
HA"dw2|
例 2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed JEBo!9
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and &"C1XM
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on rT}d<cSf
human patients. |klL KX&
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in 5I(`
s#O
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures !b _<_Y{l
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures YBS]JCO
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull $9QVl
fractures [S</QS!
分析:空格后面是 and, 空格处缺少和 developed、supervised 平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 aeBth{
4?yc/F=kI
四、宾语从句结构 J;T_9
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 (uV7N7 <1
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: state(陈述,表明)+that 'pm2C6AC
indicate(指明,表明)+that 6gR=
e+
p Y>yJ)
例 1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, J$WIF&*0@
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite &aF_y_f\
units called quanta or photons. 3&?Tc|F+
(A) energy that P^h2w%6'
(B) that it is energy p6HZ2Q:a
(C) it is energy Z(}x7j zW
(D) that energy Bgs~1E @8V
分析:空格前的谓语动词 states一般接关系连词 that 引导的宾语从句,故首先排除 C。空格 "!Qhk3*
后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此 D正确。 U<6k!Y9ny
3mm`8!R
xwRnrWd^6
例 2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth f`
IgfJN
indicate--yield when unusual weight is .i=%gg
placed on them. @`_j't,
(A) although its crust and mantle W#lvH=y
(B) its crust and mantle to M5x!84
(C) that its crust and mantle wl{p,[]
(D) for its crust and mantle to q?^0
o\
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词 indicate 的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B) D1j7i
v
使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 yav)mO~QU6
五、介词+ which结构 n7MS{`
许多同学在选择 which还是介词+which 上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 Gqia@>T4*N
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, $>h#|?*?
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 mhVoz0%1X
9Y 4N
“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, ~NcJLU!au
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 cdfll+
n47=eKd70
例 1:In the United States, a primary election is 8;!Eqyt
a method ---- voters select the nominees Z*TW;h0ZQ3
for public office. )4`Ml*7x
(A) that >=`c [=:Z_
(B)by which 1 IlR
(C)is that 2 Lamvf
(D)by those `HS4(2+C
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除 C和 D。 xk*3,J6BK
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰 method 是不通的。 7>zKW?
B 是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….); Ad,r(0a LZ
正确 9V66~Bf
5
)PG,K4z
例 2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players hit wooden balls through wire arches called 7XDV=PQ[
wickers. osd^SnL1/5
(A) when _M&.kha
(B) which 6oP{P_Pxi
(C) is when -/-6Td1JY>
(D) in which w}.'Tebu
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。 0v@/I<
但是到底是选择 B 还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择 D, 关系代词 which Wv0'?NL.
前应该有介词。 L,
{rMLM%
B
(1,Rq[
六、in that结构 y^AA#kk
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, VDTY<= Q
because of +名词, u!uDu,y
consequently是副词 lk +K+Ra/
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 &'7"i~pC
|"yf@^kdC
例 1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals |)qK
g
---- it is a liquid. ~RXpz-Ye
(A) whereas aEDN]O95?
(B) in that 16QbB;
(C) because of <8)s
(D) consequently AD@PNM
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首 &ZE\
@Vc
先排除。 {1MGb%xW
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that 为复合连词,用来 bV`C;RPn
引导原因状语从句。 L)lQ&z?
}E5#X R
例 2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual naIv=
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. HB7(
(A)they |WAD $3
(B)in they )M'UASB;8
(C)that they yIIET
E
(D)in that they 5}eQaW48
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A 和 B 缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C 一般作宾 um jhG6
语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中 in that为连词,引导表原因 lKEX"KQ!
的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选 D。 ck+b/.gw`
`4%;qLxngP
:wU_-{>>2
这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项, &|N%#pYS
如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多, NQC3!=pQ}Y
但是要考的话一定就是重点。 &$c5~9p\B
iS1Gb$?
例 3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ nG"n-$A?<
great inspiration for her poems. gcg>Gjp
(A) that she drew (B) by drawing her w(/DTQc~d
(C) from which she drew mP pvZ
(D) drawn from which :)p)=c8%
分析:首先看选项 C, “介词+which”, 而后面是 she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个 $J"%I$%X=
完整句子,那么选项 C就是答案。 YOV :
七、what结构 7qg<[
what 结构在95.8 以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: W|d
pFh`
what=the thing that k&)K(
VLsh=v
例 1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend H&X:!xa5
largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. :N@U[Wx0A
(A) it grows x(PKFn
(B) what grows QCOLC2I
(C) does it grow LJGJ|P
(D) what does it grow lC#RNjDp/~
分析:空格前有 depend on 这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。 !4R>O6k
A和 C 没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式, W+gpr|R2
故(B)正确。 o+<29o
fVe@YqNa
例 2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle XRa(sXA3
was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory DVI7]+=nV
became----is now Indiana and Ohio. sVu k
(A) there L=,OZ9aA
(B) where W`$[j0
(C) that (w
+%=z"M
(D) what x>%joKY[
分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有 D符合条件。 AD]e0_E
|rMq;Rgu?
1otspO
y
八、同位语结构 2MuO*.9D
同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 R2w`Y5#`
___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号) mDfwn7f
例 1:The tongue , -----, is an important aid in chewing iJ)0Y~
and swallowing . 3 jF|Ic
(A) is the chief organ of taste 0Uw
^FcW
(B) tasting the organ chiefly @EHIp{0.
(C) the chief organ of taste Cxm6TO`-;
(D) the organ chiefly tastes ?Ko|dmX
分析:空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词 is, 故先排除 A和 D。(B)不合题意, DLi?'K3t
故也可排除。(C)是名词短语,适合作主语的同位语,使句子完整,句意正确,故选(C)。 R}r~p?(M
d+6]u_J
同位语考试形式二:名词作主语,后面的名词是主语同位语,解释说明后面的名词 L/?]^!.
___, ___ (注意是一个逗号) p0M=t-
例 2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of ,r=re!QI7
Native Americans in her novel, Century of q[ULGv
Dishonor. o G_C?(7>
(A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause x=]S.XI
(B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson 7Fz
xe$A
(C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause p@ygne4
(D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. 5&!'^!
分析:空格前为名词短语,空格后为介词短语,空格处明显缺主语和谓语动词。根据空格前 #.ct5
名词短语的意思判断,主语应该是人名而不是指物的名词,故选(A)。 eA=WGy@IcN
_D,eyP9P
例 3:Often very annoying weeds ,-----and act as [i7YVwG4
hosts to many insect pests. 5HKW"=5Cf
(A) that crowd out less hardy plants than 6~8F!b2
goldenrods /L v1$~
(B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods %8mm Hh
(C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy h*w6/ZL1
plants S1bAu
<
(D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants 3yV'XxC
分析:空格后面是 and, 句中缺少与 and 并列的谓语动词。A只有从句没有主句; B,C分别是 9(, @aZ
分词和名词短语, 无法与动词 act 并列; D 包含主语的同位语 goldenrods和谓语动词 crowd。 3`F) AWzdr
gfy19c 9
idc4Cf+4
同位语考试形式三:主谓宾后面出现一个名词,那么名词可以作宾语或者表语的同位语 5`-UMz<]
例 4:An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 $_D6_|HK
yards, approximately ---- from Marathon to 0C
Aa^Q^w
Athens. M \D]ml~
(A) the distance is SO{p ;g
(B) that the distance is UMMB0(0D
(C) is that the distance z[nS$]u
(D) the distance 6GL=)0Ah
分析:逗号前为完整的句子,后面如果再接句子一定要有连接词或者从句引导词。A、B、 izZ=d5+K
C 均为主谓结构,但都没有从句引导词,故排除。D是名词短语作表语同位语,故选(D)。 4Ysb5m)u
gfa[4
z
九、比较结构 d8o53a]
比较结构中要注意两点:1、倒装性;2、对称性 @T-p2#&
例 1:Western Nebraska generally receives less r[txlQI9
snow than --eastern Nebraska. ZcE_f>KV
(A) does ,h]o>
(B) in e}yX_Z'P<
(C) it does in GqKsK
r2%
(D) in it does K^l:MxO-X
分析:than引导比较状语从句,空格后面是个专有名词,肯定是比较从句的主语,空格处明显缺从句的谓语动词,只有(A)符合条件,故选(A)。注意 than eastern Nebraska does 是 2 QTZwx
正确的语序,但是原文中使用了倒装;在比较结构的后面部分中,如果比较从句的主语长,
MGpt}|t-
谓语动词短,动词可放到主语前面进行到装。 MCTsi:V>+
p0:kz l4$
例 2: Hot objects emit----- do cold objects. p#P~Q/;
(A) rays more than infrared v`PY>c6~
(B) rays are more infrared than -~{c
u47_
(C) more than infrared rays iBg3mc@OO
(D) more infrared rays than 9!',b>C6
分析:emit 为及物动词,空格处缺宾语和引导比较从句的 than, 只有(D)符合条件。注意 =+:{P?*}
空格后为倒装形式,do代替 emit 以避免重复。此题为常考的句子结构。 <UP
m=Hb
o{qr!*_3
Sjj>#}U
比较结构中还需要注意相互比较的必须属于同一种事物 1c4/}3*
例 3:The activities of the international marketing N2r/ho}8
researcher are frequently much broader than ----. ;bzX%f?|G
(A) the domestic marketer has JuR"J1MY
(B) the domestic marketer does ^2D1`,|N
(C) those of the domestic marketer gmKGy@]
(D) that which has the domestic marketer 0oZsb\
分析:本题还是考查比较句,由于谓语动词是系动词 are, 故先排除与其不对应的以 has 和 3f.b\4 U
does 结尾的(A)和(B)。选项 D则语义不清,也可排除。C 中 those 代替前面提到的 activities #p(h]T32
以避免重复,those 一定要具备,因为只有这样才能满足比较的都是 activities,谓语动词 are ;ea]$9
因与主句谓语动词相同而被省略,因此 C 为正确答案。 ?Ea;J0V
>^Q&nkB"B
例 4:The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing BF*kb2"GZ6
is greater than --. !%+2Yifna
(A) that of its mining and farming combined (/d5UIM{&
(B) mining and farming combination 8
;d$54
b
(C) that mining and farming combined N[]
Hc
(D) of its combination mining and farming (
9!k#
分析:本题为比较句,一般来说,比较的双方应属于同一类事物。句中主语显然是比较的一 +CH},@j
方,而空格处应是与之相对应的另一方。(B)、(C)、(D)均无法与 the annual worth相对应, <~ad:[
故可以排除。(A)中代词 that 代替 the annual worth, 是英语中常见的避免重复的用法,故 $n^MD_1!
选(A)。 &X@Bs-
'FlJpA}
]xC#rwHUC