一、主句单一原则 soB_
j
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 BDi+*8
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不 ~.S/<:`U
能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 - l0X]&Ex
,YrPwdaTB
例 1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. GkdxwuRw
(A) They occur where they are !@)tkhP
(B) Occuring where #]wBXzu?
(C) Where they occur o~'UWU'#
(D) Where do they occur .`h:1FP8
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 x{VUl
C 为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。
)aX#RM? N
pm*i!3g'
例 2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center }pT>dbZ
(A) Fort Wayne HwBJUr91]
(B) Although Fort Wayne >% E=
l
(C) For wayne is in KC-@2,c9V
(D) Fort Wayne, in o{MmW~/o&
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格 SiT5QJe
处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中 although能引导从句,故选(B)。 !4+@b
s
cq1)b\ |
2TX.%%Ze
二、谓语动词专一原则 xbze{9n"
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 ju/#V}N
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 k{+Gv}Y
9Qc=D"'
例 1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” BHIC6i%
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with ,mD{4 >7
social issues. M_#^zo
"x
(A) covers PWN$x`h g[
(B) covers it
k<
g
(C) which covers /8s>JPXKH[
(D) which it covers gib;> nuBK
分析:空格后的 deals with 是谓语动词,A, B 是谓语形式, 和 deals with 之间没有连接词, Jn
q}SUev
可先排除; D 中的 it 多余,因为在定语从句中 which 已经作了主语;C 构成正确的定语从句 jH]?vpP
]*yUb-xY
例 2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused [7=?I.\Cr7
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on tD3v`Ke
the paper. "I&,':O+
(A) the impression is >I*uo.OF
(B) if the impression is "P8cgj C
(C) impressions C_V5.6T!
(D) the impression vo]$[Cp|4
分析:题目中的 is 是谓语,A,B 中是谓语重复。C 为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词 is 的数 +>o}
R?xj
不一致,故也排除。因此选择 D,caused.... 修饰 impression 2vX!j!_
三、平行结构 eR:!1z_h
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有 and, 或者 and 后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平 @hIHvLpRB
行结构。 g7<u eF
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: _J33u3v
A and B, C!S(!Z,
A , B, and C Lsz)\yIPj
Id40yER
例 1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- PitDk
1T
is known as accounting. C:<TJ
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary p& +w
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's iP+3)
transactions "gGv>]3
(C) transactions of an enterprise are #tQ__V
summarized G}p*oz~
(D) summarizing the transactions of an G7d)X^q!xS
enterprise cuo'V*nWQ
分析:空格的后面是 and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面 recording、classifying 并列的 Pvu*Y0_p
动名词。 ?9m@ S#@
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 29AWg(9?aS
-mAi7[omh
例 2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed |sklY0?l(
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and 6F4OISy%3
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on
/DN!"
human patients. *Z
C$DW!-
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in `u7"
s'
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures e!JC5Al7
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures BP`'1Ns
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull PcK;L(
fractures Y; OqdO
分析:空格后面是 and, 空格处缺少和 developed、supervised 平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 .cA'6J"Bm\
K~ShV
四、宾语从句结构 L>Soj|WUy(
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 JVk"M=c
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: state(陈述,表明)+that [
bB
indicate(指明,表明)+that
i%eq!q
?ta(`+"
例 1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, BmGY#D,
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite 60r4%>d
units called quanta or photons. [$[1|r
*Q
(A) energy that tV5Uz&:b
(B) that it is energy (#`1[n+b`x
(C) it is energy
g8^YDrH
(D) that energy GN%|'eU
分析:空格前的谓语动词 states一般接关系连词 that 引导的宾语从句,故首先排除 C。空格 lyY
i2& %
后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此 D正确。 "UDV4<|^k
;)nV
}g\1JSJ%H
例 2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth ~gAp`Q
indicate--yield when unusual weight is _K5R?"H0
placed on them. +^\TG>le
(A) although its crust and mantle i^zncDMA
(B) its crust and mantle to [^4)3cj7}
(C) that its crust and mantle h
&R1"
(D) for its crust and mantle to byW9]('e
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词 indicate 的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B) wmQT$`$b
使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 6~@S,i1
五、介词+ which结构 QSxR@hC
许多同学在选择 which还是介词+which 上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 NEb M>1>^
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, ~Os1ir.
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 I}S~,4
CC<(V{Png
“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, Wu!s
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 X5hamkM*m
Z&VH7gi
例 1:In the United States, a primary election is C=&rPUX{
a method ---- voters select the nominees \(db1zmS~
for public office. v3ky;~ke
(A) that 6(5YvT
(B)by which CC8)yO
(C)is that m@Vz42g~+
(D)by those v,VCbmc
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除 C和 D。 ls928
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰 method 是不通的。 7l~d_<h
B 是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….); Hv~&RZpe
正确 ruKm_j#J
~g|Z6-?4Jj
例 2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players hit wooden balls through wire arches called 1#D &cx6
wickers. m 3Y@p$i5
(A) when a^ __Z3g,
(B) which \Xr
Sn_p-
(C) is when @ gv^
(D) in which BIk0n;Kz<L
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。 0,z3A>C
但是到底是选择 B 还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择 D, 关系代词 which Biva{'[m
前应该有介词。 j+9;Cp]N V
=1vl-*uYh
六、in that结构 `+\6;nM
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, /Z ?$!u4I
because of +名词, ,dR<O.{0
consequently是副词 I0qSx{K
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 x%!Ea{s
0|J]EsPxu
例 1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals R[#vFQ
---- it is a liquid. ]VkM)< +
(A) whereas
H:k?#7D(
(B) in that ,l47;@kr
(C) because of $0mR_pA\fW
(D) consequently mM $|cge"
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首 ..K@'*u
先排除。 n6xJ
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that 为复合连词,用来 E
xls_oSp
引导原因状语从句。 L7`=ec<
N8E
例 2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual s 0To^I
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. WR<?_X_
(A)they ~z kzuh
(B)in they LsI8
T
uv
(C)that they )Ggv_mc h
(D)in that they r6QshCA"
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A 和 B 缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C 一般作宾 \:m1{+l
语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中 in that为连词,引导表原因 ;TC"n!ew
的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选 D。 ^7SE2Zi
W5Uw=!LdEY
`PUGg[Zx^
这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项, w$DHMpW'
如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多, Rz#q68
但是要考的话一定就是重点。 .nzN5FB
U
5~[m]
例 3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ ~JS BZ@
great inspiration for her poems. >i_ #q$o
(A) that she drew (B) by drawing her g.*DlD%%
(C) from which she drew gkmV;0
(D) drawn from which eBWgAf.
k
分析:首先看选项 C, “介词+which”, 而后面是 she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个 ,rS?^"h9
完整句子,那么选项 C就是答案。 mt]^d;E
七、what结构 Y:R*AOx
what 结构在95.8 以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: 2e9.U/9
what=the thing that >r3SF3XMq
RcC5_@W
例 1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend KL yI*`
largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. P-/"sD
(A) it grows cgi:"y F
(B) what grows `W:z#uNG]
(C) does it grow 8'"=y}]H~
(D) what does it grow aJQzM
分析:空格前有 depend on 这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。 !
nsx!M
A和 C 没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式, "~
mY4WVG
故(B)正确。 GC~nr-O
u].7+{
例 2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle B!
P/?
was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory BwkY;Ur/AL
became----is now Indiana and Ohio. *M)M!jTv
(A) there 6e8 gFQ"w2
(B) where Bi2 c5[3
(C) that UwxszEHC
(D) what d_Jj&:"l
分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有 D符合条件。 h*R w^5,c
f
Tso[r:F.
o*Xfgc
八、同位语结构 JA*+F1s
同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 kno[ !A7_6
___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号) I(Z\$
例 1:The tongue , -----, is an important aid in chewing ZS%W/.?
and swallowing . `U=Jbdc l3
(A) is the chief organ of taste Ia<V\$ #
(B) tasting the organ chiefly :0,yq?M
(C) the chief organ of taste +TyN;e
(D) the organ chiefly tastes #N"u 0
分析:空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词 is, 故先排除 A和 D。(B)不合题意, "%)g^Atp>
故也可排除。(C)是名词短语,适合作主语的同位语,使句子完整,句意正确,故选(C)。 ]B UirJ,2
-r_,#LR!l
同位语考试形式二:名词作主语,后面的名词是主语同位语,解释说明后面的名词 $4^SWT.
___, ___ (注意是一个逗号) S@Rd>4
例 2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of j!w{
Native Americans in her novel, Century of =@0J:"c
Dishonor. Xl<iR]lda
(A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause 14"57Jt8
(B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson t,Ka]
/
I
(C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause e M
Hz/;I
(D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. swxX3GR
分析:空格前为名词短语,空格后为介词短语,空格处明显缺主语和谓语动词。根据空格前 :SS \2
名词短语的意思判断,主语应该是人名而不是指物的名词,故选(A)。 DnFzCJ
I`_I^C3
例 3:Often very annoying weeds ,-----and act as B,cFvS
hosts to many insect pests. 3i7EF.
(A) that crowd out less hardy plants than s*[
I"iE
goldenrods uE41"?GS
(B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods W~0rSVD$<z
(C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy y $\tqQ
plants [B#XA}w
(D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants $Yt
|XT+!&
分析:空格后面是 and, 句中缺少与 and 并列的谓语动词。A只有从句没有主句; B,C分别是 pX{wEc6}
分词和名词短语, 无法与动词 act 并列; D 包含主语的同位语 goldenrods和谓语动词 crowd。 CYLab5A
zXx/\B$&d*
R\5,H!V9n
同位语考试形式三:主谓宾后面出现一个名词,那么名词可以作宾语或者表语的同位语 Q $}#&
例 4:An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 } Xo#/9
yards, approximately ---- from Marathon to n82tZpn
Athens. $C;i}q#
(A) the distance is G;}WZy
(B) that the distance is lG\uJxV
(C) is that the distance IQ@9S
(D) the distance ?"mZb#%
分析:逗号前为完整的句子,后面如果再接句子一定要有连接词或者从句引导词。A、B、 nsRCDUCi
C 均为主谓结构,但都没有从句引导词,故排除。D是名词短语作表语同位语,故选(D)。 Jg;[k
Q38+`EhLA
九、比较结构 /=S@3?cQAB
比较结构中要注意两点:1、倒装性;2、对称性 q$:7j5E
例 1:Western Nebraska generally receives less 'z;(Y*jb
snow than --eastern Nebraska. -/pz3n
(A) does |CDM(g>%
(B) in 4{YA['
(C) it does in E:x@O8F
(D) in it does oZiW4z*Wh
分析:than引导比较状语从句,空格后面是个专有名词,肯定是比较从句的主语,空格处明显缺从句的谓语动词,只有(A)符合条件,故选(A)。注意 than eastern Nebraska does 是 ik(Du/
正确的语序,但是原文中使用了倒装;在比较结构的后面部分中,如果比较从句的主语长, 7HDc]&z
谓语动词短,动词可放到主语前面进行到装。 'z.
GAR
x"Ky_P~
例 2: Hot objects emit----- do cold objects. |Gf<Ql_.4
(A) rays more than infrared r >'tE7W9
(B) rays are more infrared than EfEgY|V0
(C) more than infrared rays LL#REK|lm8
(D) more infrared rays than 1%+-}yo<
分析:emit 为及物动词,空格处缺宾语和引导比较从句的 than, 只有(D)符合条件。注意 4=^_VDlpd
空格后为倒装形式,do代替 emit 以避免重复。此题为常考的句子结构。 idYB.]Y(
i<"lXu
=~+ WJN
比较结构中还需要注意相互比较的必须属于同一种事物 ]@#9B>v=
例 3:The activities of the international marketing X<L=*r^C,=
researcher are frequently much broader than ----. c*)T4n[e
(A) the domestic marketer has >5-1?vi
(B) the domestic marketer does <gF]9%2E
(C) those of the domestic marketer 9r? Z'~,Za
(D) that which has the domestic marketer M@cFcykK
分析:本题还是考查比较句,由于谓语动词是系动词 are, 故先排除与其不对应的以 has 和 ;bE/(nz M
does 结尾的(A)和(B)。选项 D则语义不清,也可排除。C 中 those 代替前面提到的 activities L!cOg8Z
以避免重复,those 一定要具备,因为只有这样才能满足比较的都是 activities,谓语动词 are JY"jj}H]|
因与主句谓语动词相同而被省略,因此 C 为正确答案。 OIP]9lM$nC
z%D7x5!,R
例 4:The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing (Mk7"FC7
is greater than --. t1?aw<
(A) that of its mining and farming combined !/}3/iU
(B) mining and farming combination w
5%Yi{
(C) that mining and farming combined UGO#o`.G}
(D) of its combination mining and farming >of34C"DI
分析:本题为比较句,一般来说,比较的双方应属于同一类事物。句中主语显然是比较的一 OD8
fn
方,而空格处应是与之相对应的另一方。(B)、(C)、(D)均无法与 the annual worth相对应, Zonjk%tC
故可以排除。(A)中代词 that 代替 the annual worth, 是英语中常见的避免重复的用法,故 sM-,95H
选(A)。 oai=1vt@
N9w"Lb
+x2JC' -H