2011 年 浙江大学 浙大 考博 英语 真题 听力 选择题 原文 ?6nF~9Z'
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第一篇 ATy*^sc&"
Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call P_c,BlfGMH
in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol gORJWQv
poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was ]r3Kg12Mi
reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, :5/Uh/sX
and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that 4O:W#bx
college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. uNn[[LS
Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A oQv3GpO
generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of Y-'78BJk
its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of }<z_Q_b+e
themselves and afraid of relationships. hky;CD~$
Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the +
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insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a % aUsOB-RV
growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on DAg58
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most campuses. 66#"
This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be +fx8mu
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explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged ^1Xt]T`e
campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has bu&t'?zx!
experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the A:y.s;<L0
"Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — 5/gDK+%4D(
are the primary architects. eZr&x~]
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It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining _SACqamo5s
incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have +,v-=~5
been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on &TG5rUUg
homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a ](eN@Xi&@
vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that
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they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. DFO7uw1
31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . × 正确答案为 C 4f~["[*ea
[A] it is easy to be a college president W>M~Sk$v
[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight 7ZUiY
[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus +%N
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[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol AM} brO
32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). × *2}O-e
正确答案为 C eQO#Qso]
[A] inspiration x'Pi5NRE
[B] stimulation hJ5z/5aE;
[C] escape 7ou46v|m5
[D] relaxation E3a_8@ZB7
33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). × 正确 6|J'>)
答案为 D &V7>1kD3
[A] artists 69kJC/1+l
[B] experts /,5Z-Z*wq
[C] discoverers ^*R(!P^
[D] designers rOD1_X-
34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) × 正确答案为 gQ~5M
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B ^IgY d*5
[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. [ neXFp}S
[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. |m,VTViv;i
[C] Parents spend too much time watching television. r^HAa GpC
[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators. w W$(r-
35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of WW@"Z}?k
Neglect?"( ) × 正确答案为 C ~9D~7UR
[A] They can't read or write well. G>T')A
[B] They can hardly find a good job. __p_8P
[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility. $e\N+~KNCy
[D] They are more likely to commit crimes. i(2y:U3[@
第二篇 cJn HW
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little }xn_6
conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to Cd#E"dY6
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark =lr) gj
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. -ewQp9)G
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the Q^eJ4{Ya:
optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple e[X
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generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. A q#/2t
Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for ,*,sw:=2
not-for-profit organizations. }GHxG9!z
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied ~el-*=<m
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in j kn^Z":
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their ?~ULIO'
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be }4c/YP"a'E
achieved in the absence of conflict. Ef7:y|?
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that #I\Y=XCY
conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in PE@+w#i7*
their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for "/%89 HMD
effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking OOy}]uYF`
organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial 6p<`h^
terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial eG]a
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indicators. hCc0sRp
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined QocQowz
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and W3pQ?
ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived gT1P*N;v
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. "G?9b
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________. ,jh~;, w2
A) wrong F&@ |M(
B) oversimplified K84&sSi
C) misleading 6}&^=^-
D) unclear aw$Y`6,S
注:文章第一句 zNtq"T [
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________. 12gw#J/)9h
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict emWGIo
B) the real value of conflict @FX{M..
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict pieT'mA
D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict .hz2&9Ow
注:文章第二段 j@P5(3r
33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________. o~~ 9!\
A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization P/aDd@j
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations 5+L8\V9;
C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways X4I]9t\
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict XS/n>C
注:文章第三段 {8m1dEC^@Q
34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______. 1P5LH5
A) there is no end of conflict /2w@K_Px6
B) expression of different opinions is encouraged ~gt3Omh
C) decisions must be justifiable Bcaw~WD
D) success lies in general agreement plku-O;]
注:文章第四段,justifiable 合法化 aL)Hv k:
35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________. YN^jm
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy P`2&*2,
B) are free to express diverse opinions Xiju"Cup"
C) are less effective in making decisions ADBpX>
D) find it easier to reach agreement ,9vJtP+T+!
B C A D B m<FK;
第三篇 4WG=
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Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During =c]a
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their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at \\s?B K
jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, <(uTst
pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, ,RN|d0dE
and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and MiD
exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, J!<#Nc
much of which is said to be based on science. =M7PvH'"
Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become a
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functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well 9<Ag1
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as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for C2.W[T
youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, F,.Q|.nN
tools, echoes, and rainbows. w>vmF cp
Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It N1s.3`
can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide *+W6 P
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practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the `$f2eB&
curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history,
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language arts, music, or art! #~*XDWvIS~
Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific DA=
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attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and V0S6M^\DK
reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh %A=|'6)k2
evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions lT3|D?sF
of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against bk
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hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this ik1XGFy
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approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with HoV{U zm
the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, i.F8
is needed. (293 words) [JZ h*A
36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them *F|i&2
will _____. f!EOYowW
A. work in scientific research institutions wn{]#n=|l
B. work at jobs closely related to science C. make the final decision in matters ~@ ?"'!U
concerning science /[6:LnaE
D. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration ,5
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37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____. .@Hmg
A. science is linked with many of the things they meet B. science is a very easy TG4^_nRl
subject for them to learn 89db5Dx
C. they encounter the facts and principles of science daily D. they are familiar E`(5UF*>
with the process and spirit of science \u{Jf'g
38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____. Kyu@>9Ok
A. practicing communication skills [6G=yp
B. studying geography Lb
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C. taking art courses %l%=Dkss
D. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____. QN3qF|))
A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of others SQKi2\8w
B. tend to reach conclusions with certainty :a=ro2NH
C. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments Z(l9>A7!
D. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the K?$9N}+
passage the writer seems to ______. i[o&z$JO
A. prove that science is a successful course in school /4(Z`e;0
B. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school }!eF
C. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum D. predict YomwjKyuP
that children who learn science will be good scientists p
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36-40 B A D D C