考博英语语法重点总结 NoiU5 pP
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 D~8f6Ko"m
独立主格特征 vC+mC4~/(
1. 充当句子的状语。 `^|mNh
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 42Ql^ka
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 jZ.+b
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4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） OJ ] {FI
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. oLB pG1Va
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. o<T>G{XYB
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). }2DeqY
真题剖析 0D 0 #*J
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Q; 5aM%a`
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because Og-M nx3
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. xI_WkoI
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be I]ywO 4
虚拟语气 )mwY]
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虚拟语气（2） _czLKbcF
1. （should）+动词原形 {`l]RIig
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 UDuKG\_J<y
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ChGwG.-%L
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 |oO0%#1H
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 _ %<7!|"
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 /A##Yv!biR
would rather +动词过去式 QZQ@C# PR;
真题剖析 lWnV{/q\ X
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … l\MiG Na
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t Ig$5Ui
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. zA-?x1th&
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded 7_q"%xH
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. z XVQLz5
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take 15 nc
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. TpMfk7-
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) /R@(yT=t
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should AO ^F6Y/
非谓语动词
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动名词、分词、不定式。 kv `x
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) jzzVZ%
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Jz3 q
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 wiwJD}3h'
真题剖析 Z < uwqA
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. _jeub [
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ?]5wX2G^|J
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways.
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59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative 5]'
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主谓一致 QKHm OVh]
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 NK"y@)%0
How you got there doesn’t concern me. *OsXjL`f
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. _#N~$
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 zRf]SZ(t O
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. W>1\f0'
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 5|H?L@_9
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 lG jdDqi
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). O\G%rp L$w
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 -U; s, >\)
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. M5P63=1 +
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 4
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ^!kv gm<{$
He no less than John is interested in literature. G%'h'AV"
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) BDB-OJ
Either my father or my brothers are coming. EE%OD~u&9#
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 dIM:U :c
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ;>Z#1 ~8
真题剖析 NWoZDsu
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. CQ v
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 1J<-P9 vk+
倒装
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全部倒装 1noFXz
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1. “There (Here) +be+主语” lg!1q8
There stand big buildings in this district. =U,;/f
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. OgOu$ .
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) } 8r+&e
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 2 etlR
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 )hQ`l d7B
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ,eZ'pxt
4. 表语位于句首 HP?e?3.T
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ,,{Uz)>'W6
Not far from here is a famous university. j l7e6#zu
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 KNK0w 5
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. <BO|.
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. %!eK"DKG^
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） x#ouR+<
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. }4b wLO
部分倒装 ~&Kf J
1. 疑问句 .#+r
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2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） MJ7!f+!5
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. @&2T0UB
3. “only+状语”位于句首 Ay2|@1e
Only when he comes back can be leave. [IHT)%>E8&
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 _`;6'}]s
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. C6/, -?%)
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ]jy6C'Mp
By no means should you break the rules. y 2<g96
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ETtK%%F0
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) ;JAe=wt^'I
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” f[dwu39k
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. H9 't;Do
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. uQ&xoDCB
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