考博英语语法重点总结 {m2lVzK
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 I-?Dil3
独立主格特征 l/F'W}
1. 充当句子的状语。 `U[s d*C"
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 wc.T;(
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 !Al?B9KJ
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) kz+OUA@~
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. fKN&0N|^R
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. HHU0Nku@ho
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). %qj8*1
真题剖析 Yl!~w:O!o
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 2AK]x`GY
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because eH9Ofhsry
练习:Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Hp!c\z;
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be ~xSAR;8
虚拟语气 drc]"6 k
虚拟语气(2) [ijK~
1. (should)+动词原形 UZ` <D/
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 eub2[,
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 4$^\s5 K
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 4I97<zmrT
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 [hl8LP+~
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 2GRdfX
would rather +动词过去式 ToVi;
真题剖析 Y
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … -4!9cE
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ~Os1ir.
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. dvl'Sq
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded d}2$J1`
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. lPywrTG0
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take ".Q``d&X
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. i6@c@n
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) F^/1 u
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should &
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非谓语动词 bkvm-$/
动名词、分词、不定式。 :p@.aD5
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) nbECEQ:|B
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Mt93YD-2+
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 <V~B8C!)
真题剖析 _,?<r&>v6
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. %]m/fo4b
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops @3Lh/&
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. A./VO
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative DQ86(4e*g#
主谓一致 {%"n[DLps
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 zJ=lNb?q
How you got there doesn’t concern me. I0qSx{K
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. x%!Ea{s
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 2I@d=T{K
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. @|2L>
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 vh/&KTe?:
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 ^vHh*Ub
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ~Oc:b>~
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 'xP&u<(F
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. k Xg&}n
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) lM|}K-2
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 4x)etH^o
He no less than John is interested in literature. vmj'X>Q
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ]J(BaX4
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 8)o%0#;0B
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 [KMNMg
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. (B^rW,V[R
真题剖析 `w_%HVw>"
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. MtD0e@
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some {44#<A<
倒装 \:m1{+l
全部倒装 ;TC"n!ew
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ^7SE2Zi
There stand big buildings in this district. W5Uw=!LdEY
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. W;T5[
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) OfK>-8
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. !kS/Ei
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 3OB=D{$V
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy.
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4. 表语位于句首 sR4B/1'E
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 6Vj=SYK
Not far from here is a famous university. {[)n<.n[g
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Lb,wn{
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. Z0[d;m*
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ueyQ&+6r
6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) )~ 0TGy|
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. #:NY9.\o
部分倒装 IG Ax+3V
1. 疑问句 \iP5.3C
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) RcC5_@W
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. KL yI*`
3. “only+状语”位于句首 P-/"sD
Only when he comes back can be leave. cgi:"y F
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ,M9e *
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 8'"=y}]H~
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) aJQzM
By no means should you break the rules. I
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. oOHY+'V
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) .e5d#gE0
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” \n`/?\r.z
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Z2t\4|wr:
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. H:)_;k
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