考博英语语法重点总结 kC"<4U
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 $
+;`[b
独立主格特征 {%xwoMVc+
1. 充当句子的状语。 A^2VH$j]+
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 )_OKw?Zi
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 rG1l:Z )
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） v' 7,(.E
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Zf |%t
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. xSZgQF~
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). zlZ $t{[,
真题剖析 wQ qI@
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. u?Jw) `
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because W~ E%Eq3
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. y^tuybpZY<
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be C3Q[L}X\
虚拟语气 F6R+E;"4R'
虚拟语气（2） R>U0W{1NO
1. （should）+动词原形 B Rbx.
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ~YKe:K+&z
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 bl NJ
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 2`I"
QU
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 5v "QKI
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 nIJ2*QJ
would rather +动词过去式 jIwz
G+)$P
真题剖析 xGTVC=q
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … n#Xi Co_\
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t \\ XvVi:B
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 2apR7
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded yEyx.Mh.Af
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. Y~#m-y
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take V
@8 +
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. .dX ^3
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) .6aC2A]es
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should /]m5HW(P7K
非谓语动词 ;rZR9fR
动名词、分词、不定式。 P*Va<'{:{
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) $(B|$e^:(
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) \=PnC}7I
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 .1<QB{4~v
真题剖析 @ -CZa^g
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. K 8M[xaI@
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops N Q~keN
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. Hc ^q_{}"
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative f Ne9as
主谓一致 y(/"DUx
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 j e z =q
How you got there doesn’t concern me. pFb }5Q
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. vOIK6-
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 vpnQ s#8O
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. &$$KC?!w
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 ]S!:p>R
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 VwJ A
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). `o|Y5wQ@
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Ai>= n;
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. e=uElp'%
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) u~b ;m
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） pUbf]3 t
He no less than John is interested in literature. ; '6`hZ
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) )B"k;dLm
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 24{ Tl
q3
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 3 s%K
w,z
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Hwb+@' o
真题剖析 ]k+XL*]' A
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. l-^2>K[
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some H(|n,c
倒装 A]<+Aq@{
全部倒装 yV"k:_O{
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” T'i^yd }*v
There stand big buildings in this district. uX/K/4
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 5;v_?M!UCK
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) F S'|e?WU
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. I1f4u6\*X
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ]S
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ]u5B]ZQn
A
4. 表语位于句首 @n|Mr/PAj
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. d9=i{i3
Not far from here is a famous university. r!+..c
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 M
iK
-W
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 9-/u _$
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. V><, . p8
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） ?8U#,qq#`
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. :QoW*Gs1
部分倒装 2` 'g
9R
1. 疑问句 zH5pe
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） bmzY^ %a
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. Vi m::
3. “only+状语”位于句首 1a gNwFd~
Only when he comes back can be leave. PQd*)6K:A
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 !qu/m B
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. " "@kBY1C
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) h}y] Pt?
By no means should you break the rules. Z g.La<#
At no time should we give in to difficulties. eKUP,y;[I
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) un F=";9H
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” pi|=3W
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. #b
eLo J
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. ;?G ..,
aGAeRF
],~H3u=s3
