过去分词与形容词的语义差： 5q9 s,r_
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things r}#\BbCv;7
the destructive power of modern weapons 8mT M$#\
Damaged: being in a bad state 1923N]b
emotionally damaged children EtbnE
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2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements x<Vm5j
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. k3?rp`V1
Respectful: feeling or showing respect j>Iaq"
They listened in respectful silence. =@,Q Dm]L
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. 'r1LSht'
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. 8r"+bhGx~
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. tCxF~L@
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. Twn4 lG4~
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 98=wnWX 6$
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. -7J| l
Lovable: a sweet lovable child qTZFPfyU
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. su*Pk|6%
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. (=D&A
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Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds W>-Et7&2
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. oh# \]c\f
虚拟语气 0TpK#OlI|c
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 [Nn` l,
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 @(r /dZc
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 _ _mF ?m
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) jw-0M1B
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) Q.K,%(^;a
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 \&U>LwZd?
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 {
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Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) %|s+jeUDn|
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) >EY3/Go>
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 x _c[B4Tw
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. p]3?gK-
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 [eTSZjIN7
(1)不定式作表语 8WnwQ%;m?
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 E>l~-PaZY
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 lg^Z *& (
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
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2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 Xh56T^,2
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 Gz .|]:1
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 UX7t`l2R
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 X&kp;W
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 l\i)$=d&g
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. }_ 9Cxji
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． #ep` nf0x
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 V:y'Qf2M
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 `nu''B
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His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 \-g)T}g,I
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 VV lr*`
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. wpN=,&!
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． H j}K{20
(3)分词作表语 X(N LtO
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分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： |:gf lseE
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 W)bLSL]`E
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 }~L.qG
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 qi^ 7
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 ;0Tx-8l
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 {e 14[0U-
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 p>huRp^w
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 F1yqxWHeo
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 XuFYYx~ ^3
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 NPp ;78O0[
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 %#kg#@z_`e
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 9w7n 1k.
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 "]}
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The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 3c a (i/c
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 [D I+~F
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 7fZDs j:
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： .[ICx
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 .(cw>7e3D
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 p OIJH =#
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 _uy44; zq
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 V2wb%;q
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 [M=7M}f;
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 !$gR{XH$]
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 AP 2_MV4W
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 !Dn,^
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 <Z mg#
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 n{ar gI8wF
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 rlOAo`hd
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 ia!y!_L\'
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 j8 ^I z
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 LTQ "8
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备
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decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 K0|FY=#2y
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 #A JDWelD
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 }C"%p8=HM
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 I-]?"Q7Jz
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 $9_xGfx}
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 E Nh l&J
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 -b9\=U[
