过去分词与形容词的语义差： j~E",7Q'
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things eSEq { ?>
the destructive power of modern weapons >5hhd 38
Damaged: being in a bad state eg/<[ A:
emotionally damaged children . pPm~2]z
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements
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He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. vAb^]d
Respectful: feeling or showing respect cc}Key@D
They listened in respectful silence. < IJu7t>
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.
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Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. :~F :/5
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. izg p*M,
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. 'G&{GVbXY
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. yWDTjY/
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. G{Yz8]m
Lovable: a sweet lovable child y [#pC<^
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. 7O5`v(<9n>
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. '1?\/,em
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds N
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Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. d}'U?6 ob
虚拟语气 *&BnF\?m
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 {-3L IO
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 A4 C+5R
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 H}hFFI)#Oo
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) ldha| s.*
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 7?j;7.i
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(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 fyTAou6hI
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 YB<*"HxM)}
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Q;11N7+
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) sUZX
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（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 3@+b }9s8
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. }%b;vzkG5
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 dzLQI}89+k
(1)不定式作表语 [B@'kwD\l
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 &Z(K6U#.
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 Zl 9aDg
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 ,B?~-2cCz
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 P-F)%T[
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 A.<H>=Z# O
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 vEf4HZ&w
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 XL#[ %X9
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 ! cKz7?w
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. s { #3r
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． #/PA A
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 X%yO5c\l2
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 F,
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His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 :0Z^uuk`gq
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 n]8<DX99Q0
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. zJe#m|Z
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． @`\VBW
(3)分词作表语 ),%6V5a+E
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： x.Q& $#
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 !9 fz(9
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 9x,RvWTb
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 ss;R8:5
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 Y*mbjyt[?X
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 \u6^Var w
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 ^vG8#A}]
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 pp9 Zb.D\
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 wAnb
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surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 g{5A4|_7
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 sz9L 8f2
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 OY?y ^45 y
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 !^Q.VYY
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 iNMx"F0r
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 i<p k6rO1
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 1sYEZO;
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： O%r; 5kP
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 McPNB`.H
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 ;5@ t[ r
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 vTv]U5%:>%
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 P./VmY'
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 QBR=0(giF
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 ZyEHzM{$
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 %#$ EP7"J
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 " s\L~R.&
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 9{: O{nl
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 ,^S@
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swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 N H3 cq
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供
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beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 hR.@b*q?R
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 Z}-Vf$O~
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 n8. kE)?
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 Xt#1Qs
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 Hk|0HL
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 F]9nB3:W
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 NH0qVQ@A
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 F4e:ZExJ
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 [V}S <Xp
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 5aa<qtUj H
