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清华大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
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清华大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (15 points) (请将答案写在答题纸上) d(V4;8a0 Section One dwUDhQt3Q Directions: In this section you will heara talk about some language problems you may encounter while in the UnitedStates. The speaker will mainly talk about five problems. Listen to therecording and write down the five problems. Make your answers as brief aspossible. You will hear the recording twice. 7R79[:uwJ (请将本部分1~5题的答案写在答题纸上) F|m &n& Topic: language problems you may encounter in the United States =ca[*0^Z7 1.________________________________________________________________________ 0`WFuFi^o 2.________________________________________________________________________ zd$?2y8 3.________________________________________________________________________ 1##@'L|u 4.________________________________________________________________________ VR1]CN"G 5.________________________________________________________________________ Y-1K'VhT Section Two k%Tp9x$ Directions: In this section you will heara lecture by a journalism professor. Listen to the recording and take notes tofill in the outline below. You will hear the recording twice.(请将本部分6~15题的答案写在答题纸上) DQ/rx`BG Main Idea: Government regulation oftelevision has had limited success and will continue to be a challenge in thefuture. k1
yqerA Original problems/reasons for regulation:— watching TV violence leads to violent behavior J> ,w},` — ________________________________________________________________________ v_U/0
0 — ________________________________________________________________________ Wvu1? — Solutions: Telecommunications Act t$VRNZ`dy — TV industry responsibility: ratings system gq*W 0S — ________________________________________________________________________ NCzabl —________________________________________________________________________ MxX)&327 Manufacturer responsibility: V-chips
9SA %' — ________________________________________________________________________ N+ ]O#Js? — ________________________________________________________________________ \/SOpC Continuing problems: V-chips [X]hb7-&
— ________________________________________________________________________ tzgaHN — ________________________________________________________________________ u\@Qze Ratings system FwB xag:u — ________________________________________________________________________ *w^!\ — ________________________________________________________________________ (gvnIoDl0 Part Ⅱ ReadingComprehension (40 points) (请将答案涂在答题卡上,从16题开始) OKau3T] Directions: There are 4 reading passagesin this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Youshould decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on theANSWER SHEET. 0i8\Lu6
Passage One Questions 16 to20 are based on the following passage: Z]2z*XD Sometimes, over a span of many years, abusiness will continue to grow, generating ever-increasing amounts of cash,repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening newstores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc., whileat the same time its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls). Df2$2VU When this happens, the average andprofessional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they becomefamiliar with the trading range. izl-GitP Take, for example, Wal-Mart. Over thepast five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80%, profits byover 100%, and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during thattimeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that readthe annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security,deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio.Today, however, the equation is completely different—despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share isbacked by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores, and abigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, largely becausesome Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's largestcompanies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to therate of the general economy. kt_O= Coca-Cola is another excellent example ofthis phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996,the stock traded between a range of $36.10 and $ 54.30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of$1.40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0.50 per share. Corporate per share bookvalue was $ 2.48.Last year, the stock tradedwithin a range of $ 40.30 and $ 45.30 per share; squarely in the middle of thesame area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnant stockprice, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earningsper share stand around $ 2.16 (a rise of 54%), the cash dividend has more thandoubled to $1.20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7.40 per share (again of nearly 300%), and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的,未完成的)has actually decreased from 2.481billion to an estimated 2.355 billion due to the company's share repurchaseprogram. %cDTq&Q 16.Thispassage is probably a part of ______. 9)=bBQyr: A.FindHidden Value in the Market B.Become Richer Uh1UZ
r C.GetGood Bargains D.IdentifyGood Companies +G!#
/u1 17.Theitalicized word “stagnant” (Line 4, Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ______. z,dFDl$ A.prominent B.terrible C.unchanged D.progressing {`)oxzR 18.Wal-Martis now trading at a much lower price because ______. Wq 1OYZ, A.ithas stored a large quantity of goods N^F5J B.ithas become financially more powerful kDQE*o C.ithas been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcy mxJe\[I D.itis a good way to compete with other retailing companies [;-;{
*{G 19.Allthe following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT ______. j3+ hsA/(k A.Thecash dividend has increased yF|28KJ B.Theearning power has become stronger apM)$ C.Bothbusinesses have continued to grow "9*MSsU D.Thestock price has greatly decreased /yUKUXi 20.Accordingto the author, one had better ______. `8\"3S A.buymore shares when the stock price falls down "_BWUY B.sellout the shares when the stock price falls down B'vIL ' C.dosome research on the value of a business when its stock price falls down 1`Bhis9X8 D.investin the business when its stock price falls down [(8s\>T
Passage Two Questions 21 to25 are based on the following passage: 37tJ6R6[ Today's college students are morenarcissistic (自恋的)and self-centered than theirpredecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists whoworry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and Americansociety. O_
$ zK “We need to stop endlessly repeating‘You're special' and having children repeat that back,” said the study's leadauthor, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. “Kids areself-centered enough already.” “Unfortunately, narcissism can also have verynegative consequences for society, including the breakdown of closerelationships with others,” he said. The study asserts that narcissists “aremore likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived, at risk forinfidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, andover-controlling and violent behaviors.” Twenge, the author of “Generation Me:Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and MoreMiserable Than Ever Before,” said narcissists tend to lack empathy, reactaggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others. G$/Qcr6W< Some analysts have commended today'syoung people for increased commitment to volunteer work. But Twenge viewed eventhis phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schools require communityservice and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on collegeapplications. fv*
$=m Campbell said the narcissism upsurgeseemed so pronounced (非常明显的)that he was unsure if therewere obvious remedies. “Permissivenessseems to be a component,” he said. “A potential antidote would be moreauthoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be called for.” 1[a#blL6W Yet students, while acknowledging somelegitimacy to such findings, don't necessarily accept negative generalizationsabout their generation. !@T~m1L
eY Hanady Kader, a University of Washingtonsenior, said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees andconsiders many of her peers to be civic-minded. But she is dismayed (气馁;灰心)by the competitiveness of some studentswho seem prematurely focused on career status. “We're encouraged a lot to beindividuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand inyour way,” Kader said, “I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way ofother things like relationships.” aqi]
5, Kari Dalane, a University of Vermontsophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and notoverly self-centered. “People are worried about themselves—but in the sense ofwhere are they're going to find a place in the world,” she said, “People wantto look their best, have a good time, but it doesn't mean they're not concernedabout the rest of the world.” PCc{0Rp\vk Besides, some of the responses on thenarcissism test might not be worrisome, Dalane said, “It would be moredepressing if people answered, ‘No, I'm not special’.” Ck/w:i@>? 21.Accordingto the passage, a narcissistic person may ______. #&K}w0}k A.hatecriticism B.be dishonest to his/her partner /;}o0
DYeW C.beunwilling to help others D.all the above Q;m8 drU 22.Theitalicized word “commended” (Line 1, Para. 3) means ______. c,G[R k A.praised B.criticized C.recommended D.disfavored ]yFO~4Nu 23.Whichof the following is NOT true according to the passage? !0KNA1w, A.Narcissismmay result in bad consequences. {G|= pM\' B.Collegestudents are active to participate in volunteer work. ej(< Le\ C.Somepeople doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge. | NFDrm D.Somecollege students are overly engaged in self-promotion. HMKogGTTo 24.Itis implied that ______. criNeKa A.boththe researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissism [cfXcl B.theresearchers and college students disagree on the findings of the study /Hq#!2) C.theresearchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the study 99~-TiU D.collegestudents are pessimistic about their future UH5A;SrTqR 25.Itis proper to be ______ when you hear someone say “I'm special.” yOk]RB<'r A.objective B.pessimistic C.optimistic D.worried +' .o
Passage Three Questions 26 to30 are based on the following passage: uxW<Eh4H* The House is expected to pass a piece oflegislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing fieldfor unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of decliningmembership among private industries. k/Ao?R=@gI The Employee Free Choice Act would allowa union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead ofwaiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballotelection, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed. WBD"d<>' Representatives of business on CapitolHill oppose the bill. The National Association of Manufacturers, The NationalFederation of Independent Business, the US Chamber of Commerce and otherbusiness groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the changecould threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isn't about preventingincreased unionization, it's about protecting rights,” said the National Association of Manufacturer's JasonStraczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill. Straczewski sayseliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫;胁迫)from unions. 3X`N~_+ Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the realcoercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals, whilemanagers talking to workers aren't,” Samuel said. He cites the 31,358 cases ofillegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Boardin 2005. 1w 9zl} Samuel also points out that counter toclaims from the business lobby, the secret ballot would not be eliminated. Thechange would only take the control of the timing of the election out of thehands of the employers. “On the ground, the difference between having thislegislation and not would be the difference between night and day,” saidRichard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would havea tremendous impact on the local level. &?9~e>.OS The bill has other provisions (规定,条款)as well. The Employee Free Choice Actwould also impose binding arbitration (仲裁)whena company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months.An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effectfor 2 years, a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional.” “Idon't see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract,”said Straczewski. 0A75)T=lQ The bill's proponents point to the trendof recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers. TheFederal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that overseesarbitration, reported that in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions weredenied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen thepenalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees. As itstands, the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the NationalLabor Relations Act was made into law in 1935.TheNLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employeesor recovering lost wages. k& |