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清华大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
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清华大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (15 points) (请将答案写在答题纸上) +pf 7
Section One /eIwv 31
Directions: In this section you will heara talk about some language problems you may encounter while in the UnitedStates. The speaker will mainly talk about five problems. Listen to therecording and write down the five problems. Make your answers as brief aspossible. You will hear the recording twice. {jk {K6 }
(请将本部分1～5题的答案写在答题纸上) N.&)22<m9
Topic: language problems you may encounter in the United States VJ;'$SYx
1．________________________________________________________________________ } O
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2．________________________________________________________________________ .' X$SF`
3．________________________________________________________________________ Y
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4．________________________________________________________________________ xss D2*
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5．________________________________________________________________________ pd
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Section Two v t(kL(}v
Directions: In this section you will heara lecture by a journalism professor. Listen to the recording and take notes tofill in the outline below. You will hear the recording twice.(请将本部分6～15题的答案写在答题纸上) jq}5(*k
Main Idea: Government regulation oftelevision has had limited success and will continue to be a challenge in thefuture. &,e @pv c3
Original problems/reasons for regulation:— watching TV violence leads to violent behavior N k^#Sa?
— ________________________________________________________________________ F~*
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— ________________________________________________________________________ *B3` #t
— Solutions: Telecommunications Act :SYg)|s
— TV industry responsibility: ratings system NINyg"g<
— ________________________________________________________________________ @Vb -BC,
—________________________________________________________________________ j\Q_NevV
Manufacturer responsibility: V-chips 4|Z3; ;%+
— ________________________________________________________________________ _-^ KqNyy
— ________________________________________________________________________ x>Q#B v y
Continuing problems: V-chips Kq .)5%~>
— ________________________________________________________________________ ZEApE+m
— ________________________________________________________________________ q$H'u[KQ06
Ratings system *!.'1J:YJ(
— ________________________________________________________________________ gy* N)iv%
— ________________________________________________________________________ r! #a.
Part Ⅱ ReadingComprehension (40 points) (请将答案涂在答题卡上，从16题开始) 'f5,%e2#
Directions: There are 4 reading passagesin this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Youshould decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on theANSWER SHEET. WH'[~O
Passage One Questions 16 to20 are based on the following passage: uW
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Sometimes, over a span of many years, abusiness will continue to grow, generating ever-increasing amounts of cash,repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening newstores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc., whileat the same time its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls). ot ,<iE#za
When this happens, the average andprofessional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they becomefamiliar with the trading range. TQnMPELh"
Take, for example, Wal-Mart. Over thepast five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80%, profits byover 100%, and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during thattimeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that readthe annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security,deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio.Today, however, the equation is completely different—despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share isbacked by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores, and abigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, largely becausesome Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's largestcompanies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to therate of the general economy. ^*R
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Coca-Cola is another excellent example ofthis phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996,the stock traded between a range of $36.10 and $ 54.30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of$1.40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0.50 per share. Corporate per share bookvalue was $ 2.48．Last year, the stock tradedwithin a range of $ 40.30 and $ 45.30 per share; squarely in the middle of thesame area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnant stockprice, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earningsper share stand around $ 2.16 (a rise of 54%), the cash dividend has more thandoubled to $1.20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7.40 per share (again of nearly 300%), and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的)has actually decreased from 2.481billion to an estimated 2.355 billion due to the company's share repurchaseprogram. 5$zC ,g*#
16．Thispassage is probably a part of ______. Q*U$i#,
A．FindHidden Value in the Market B．Become Richer oOJN?97!k
C．GetGood Bargains D．IdentifyGood Companies !&19%C4
17．Theitalicized word “stagnant” (Line 4, Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ______. K4l,YR;r
A．prominent B．terrible C．unchanged D．progressing Pm;"Y!S<
18．Wal-Martis now trading at a much lower price because ______. Yo:>m *31
A．ithas stored a large quantity of goods +hK Qha!*
B．ithas become financially more powerful ],
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C．ithas been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcy i}M&1 E
D．itis a good way to compete with other retailing companies c< \ :lhl
19．Allthe following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT ______. C XJ0N
A．Thecash dividend has increased AA yzT*^
B．Theearning power has become stronger #9p{Y}2#
C．Bothbusinesses have continued to grow rX fQ_
D．Thestock price has greatly decreased
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20．Accordingto the author, one had better ______. # CV
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A．buymore shares when the stock price falls down kqv>rA3
B．sellout the shares when the stock price falls down WvNX%se]3
C．dosome research on the value of a business when its stock price falls down <W\~A$
D．investin the business when its stock price falls down zneK)C8&q3
Passage Two Questions 21 to25 are based on the following passage: q6/ o.j
Today's college students are morenarcissistic (自恋的)and self-centered than theirpredecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists whoworry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and Americansociety. O^oFH
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“We need to stop endlessly repeating‘You're special' and having children repeat that back,” said the study's leadauthor, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. “Kids areself-centered enough already.” “Unfortunately, narcissism can also have verynegative consequences for society, including the breakdown of closerelationships with others,” he said. The study asserts that narcissists “aremore likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived, at risk forinfidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, andover-controlling and violent behaviors.” Twenge, the author of “Generation Me:Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and MoreMiserable Than Ever Before,” said narcissists tend to lack empathy, reactaggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others. 3P'.)=}
Some analysts have commended today'syoung people for increased commitment to volunteer work. But Twenge viewed eventhis phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schools require communityservice and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on collegeapplications. '{U56^b]
Campbell said the narcissism upsurgeseemed so pronounced (非常明显的)that he was unsure if therewere obvious remedies. “Permissivenessseems to be a component,” he said. “A potential antidote would be moreauthoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be called for.” mKWA-h+f
Yet students, while acknowledging somelegitimacy to such findings, don't necessarily accept negative generalizationsabout their generation. T 4qbyui{
Hanady Kader, a University of Washingtonsenior, said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees andconsiders many of her peers to be civic-minded. But she is dismayed (气馁；灰心)by the competitiveness of some studentswho seem prematurely focused on career status. “We're encouraged a lot to beindividuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand inyour way,” Kader said, “I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way ofother things like relationships.” K3'`!K a*
Kari Dalane, a University of Vermontsophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and notoverly self-centered. “People are worried about themselves—but in the sense ofwhere are they're going to find a place in the world,” she said, “People wantto look their best, have a good time, but it doesn't mean they're not concernedabout the rest of the world.” _< kE32Bb
Besides, some of the responses on thenarcissism test might not be worrisome, Dalane said, “It would be moredepressing if people answered, ‘No, I'm not special’.” c9i CH~
21．Accordingto the passage, a narcissistic person may ______. <;SMczR
A．hatecriticism B．be dishonest to his/her partner *1}9
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C．beunwilling to help others D．all the above 3(6i6 vV
22．Theitalicized word “commended” (Line 1, Para. 3) means ______. I=Ws
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A．praised B．criticized C．recommended D．disfavored b*r1Jn"h
23．Whichof the following is NOT true according to the passage? xzIs,i} U
A．Narcissismmay result in bad consequences. <k}>eGn
B．Collegestudents are active to participate in volunteer work. Z4bN|\I
C．Somepeople doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge. d/Fjs 0pt
D．Somecollege students are overly engaged in self-promotion. %+FM$xyJ
24．Itis implied that ______. kzgH p,;R{
A．boththe researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissism k/!Vv#8
B．theresearchers and college students disagree on the findings of the study VLu_SXlo*
C．theresearchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the study @5Ril9J[b
D．collegestudents are pessimistic about their future rm(<?w%'?
25．Itis proper to be ______ when you hear someone say “I'm special.” 44RZk|U1J{
A．objective B．pessimistic C．optimistic D．worried n4(w?,w }
Passage Three Questions 26 to30 are based on the following passage: 1H-R-NNJ:
The House is expected to pass a piece oflegislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing fieldfor unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of decliningmembership among private industries. (!DH'2I[
The Employee Free Choice Act would allowa union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead ofwaiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballotelection, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed. HSp*lHU
Representatives of business on CapitolHill oppose the bill. The National Association of Manufacturers, The NationalFederation of Independent Business, the US Chamber of Commerce and otherbusiness groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the changecould threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isn't about preventingincreased unionization, it's about protecting rights,” said the National Association of Manufacturer's JasonStraczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill. Straczewski sayseliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫；胁迫)from unions. SU2 (XP]5
Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the realcoercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals, whilemanagers talking to workers aren't,” Samuel said. He cites the 31,358 cases ofillegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Boardin 2005． ^=E
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Samuel also points out that counter toclaims from the business lobby, the secret ballot would not be eliminated. Thechange would only take the control of the timing of the election out of thehands of the employers. “On the ground, the difference between having thislegislation and not would be the difference between night and day,” saidRichard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would havea tremendous impact on the local level. !0 *=z~
The bill has other provisions (规定，条款)as well. The Employee Free Choice Actwould also impose binding arbitration (仲裁)whena company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months.An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effectfor 2 years, a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional.” “Idon't see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract,”said Straczewski.
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The bill's proponents point to the trendof recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers. TheFederal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that overseesarbitration, reported that in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions weredenied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen thepenalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees. As itstands, the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the NationalLabor Relations Act was made into law in 1935．TheNLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employeesor recovering lost wages. WO^sm Ck
26．Whichof the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage? 1S0Hc5vw
A．Housebill aims to spur labor union growth. zZki9P
B．Housebill aims to counter labor union growth. )0fQ(3oOg
C．EmployeeFree Choice Act aims to spur employment. "{qhk {
D．EmployeeFree Choice Act aims to raise employees' income. 'rp(k\ pY
27．Accordingto its opponents, the bill ______. qJ#?=
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A．willprotect employees' rights X
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B．willbenefit workers by binding contracts Nd^9.6,JU
C．willempower unions too much zrRt0}?xl
D．makesit possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions Q*( ]&qr"E
28．Theword “it” (Line 5, Para. 5) refers to ______. N;Hrc6nin^
A．thechange B．the legislation C．theAFL-CIO D．the difference
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29．Peoplesupport the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT ______. VGWqy4m
A．thebill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries S;i^ucAF
B．thebill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on thelocal level 1fViW^l_
C．bindingarbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can't be agreedon between a recently established union and a company n_.2B $JD
D．thebill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce orthreaten employees u2JkPh&!rq
30．Itis implied that ______. ~k|~Q\
A．fewerprivate industries joined unions in the past mZ ONxR6q$
B．workers'coercion often comes from unions ^dYF FKQ
C．thebill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employers 57v[b- SK
D．punishmentauthorized by the bill will be lighter u?Iop/b
Passage Four Questions 31 to35 are based on the following passage: R
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Some African Americans have had aprofound impact on American society, changing many people's views on race,history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans who haveshaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals. _Dwn@{[(8
Muhaimmad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devoutBaptist in Louisville, Kentucky, learning to fight at age 12 after a policeofficer suggested he learn to defend himself. Six years later, he was anOlympic boxing champion, going on to win three world heavyweight titles. Hebecame known as much for his swagger (趾高气扬)outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in 1965, changinghis name to Muhammad Ali and refusing to join the US Army on religious grounds.Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developedParkinson's disease, even lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 AtlantaOlympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam following the September 11terrorist attacks. V <:kS
W. E. B. Du Bois William EdwardBurghardt Du Bois born in 1868, this Massachusetts native was one of the mostprominent, prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic, activist andhistorian, Du Bois co-founded the National Association for the Advancement ofColored People (NAACP), edited “The Crisis” magazine and wrote 17 books, fourjournals and many other scholarly articles. In perhaps his most famous work,“The Souls of Black Folk”, published in 1903, he predicted “the problem of 20thcentury [would be]the problem of the color-line.” XMa(XOnX
Martin LutherKing Jr. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. isconsidered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civilrights movement. He spearheaded (带头；做先锋)amassive, nonviolent initiative of marches, sit-ins, boycotts and demonstrationsthat profoundly affected Americans' attitudes toward race relations. He wasawarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964． :==kC672
Malcolm X Blackleader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and blacknationalism in the early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black peopleby whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued evenafter his death in 1965．Interest in the leader surgedagain after Spike Lee's 1992 movie “Malcolm X” was released. Fl(+c0|kT
Jackie Robinson In1947, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers,becoming the first black baseball player in the US major leagues. Afterretirement from baseball in 1957, he remained active in civil rights and youthactivities. In 1962, he became the first African-American to be inducted intothe Baseball Hall of Fame. rTDx|pvYx
31．Whichof the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali? cV&(L]k >`
A．Henever served in the army. :*1|ERGoay
B．Helearned to fight at an early age. x%vt$dy*8
C．Hispopularity decreased after his retirement from boxing. ^^3
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D．Heloves peace. IDdhBdQ
32．Theitalicized word “prolific” (Line 2, Para. 3) is synonymous to ______. |1-0x%@[ ;
A．smart B．skilled C．productive D．pioneering J@(*(oQb
33．Accordingto the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? fr c>0\
A．W.E. B. Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of coloredpeople. &>i+2c~
B．JackieRobinson was denied by U. S. major baseball leagues throughout his life. `r+e! o
C．MartinLuther King Jr. was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rightsmovements. Ju)2J?Xs5
D．MalcolmX directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his death. m-*du(
34．Whatis common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage? \hv*` ukF
A．Eachachieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognized. >6r&VZu*n
B．Eachwas devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death. 7KuTC%7
C．Allwere active and famous in several fields in their lifetime. 7! <cU
D．Allloved peace and remained active in civil rights activities. py
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35．Whichof the following can be a title of the passage? } Y j ic4?
A．Lifeof famous African Americans !<((@*zU
B．Influenceof famous African Americans -Ww'wH'2
C．Politicalpioneers: Icons and intellectuals Ct$e`H!;
D．Culturalpioneers: Icons and intellectuals b==<7[8
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary(10 points)(请将答案划在答题卡上) Directions: There are 20 incompletesentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaningwith the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWERSHEET with a single line through the center. FyZw='D
36．Thebuilding collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to ______ theweight of the building. y?CEV-3+
A．subside B．idealize C．initiate D．sustain [M
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37．Theactress was very ______ at the insulting question raised by her opponent at theconference. !;zacw
A．extraterrestrial B．explicit C．indignant D．innovative 4S Y]Q[
38．Itis known to all that children in this region have strong ______ to swimming insummer because of the hot weather. &" K 74
A．inclination B．exposure C．flux D．correlation Co[ rhs
39．Thetorch was ______ by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting. ASR"<
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A．implement B．deceive C．exemplify D．ignited 7=Ew[MOmM
40．Thesesamples have to be ______ in certain kind of chemical water in order to protectthem. JV(|7Sk
A．immersed B．crisped C．armored D．arrayed A4Q8^^byY
41．Hertalk at the seminar clearly______ from the topic the supervisor expected in thefield of sociology. $-jj%x\}
A．alternated B．amplified C．designated D．diverged FUvZMA$
42．Threeyears ______ before he returned home from the United States. p sgXJe$
A．denoted B．destined C．elapsed D．enveloped efl6U/' Ij
43．A______plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in thesecities. )O#>ONm^
A．deliberate B．disincentive C．functional D．fantastic d]0fgwwGC
44．Sometimesin drawing and designing, the sign X______ the unknown number. #wk'&XsC#z
A．facilitates B．fascinates C．denotes D．jots W*}q;ub;
45．Thespeaker was very much ______ by rude words and behavior of the audience in thehall. NVcL9"ht*@
A．jerked B．incensed C．laced D．limped \m*?5]m ;
46．Thetwo countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal inforeign trade. z )a8
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A．managerial B．lethal C．metric D．cordial ;ZFn~!V
47．Thedoctor's ______ was that she should go and see the specialist in this field. g5;
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A．constraint B．counsel C．coherence D．consciousness #'v7m Ewt
48．TheUnited Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-miningtreaty following its ______ declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritageof mankind. Y3mATw 3Wh
A．unanimous B．abstract C．autonomous D．almighty 6^if%62l&
49．Theyneed to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any ______ ones inthis area?
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A．evacuated B．empty C．vacant D．vacate vz#rbBY*;
50．Thebad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get ______ quickly. O5{
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A．decomposed B．denounced C．detached D．deduced & t+03c8g!
51．Thegovernment decided to take a ______ action to strengthen the market management. : \:jIP
A．diverse B．durable C．epidemic D．drastic YaFQy0t%/5
52．Thelocal residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to______ it. oz(<e
A．disgrace B．disguise C．defy D．distress iRPt0?
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53．Theyadmitted that they shared the same ______ on the matter. r[Qk-}@vp
A．potentiality B．sentiment C．postscript D．subscription A@?2qX^4
54．Wecannot be______ with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday. Y6?d
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A．pecked B．reconciled C．perturbed D．presumed /=FQ {tLr
55．Badtraveling conditions had seriously ______ their progress to their destinationin that region. 15)=>=1mR.
A．tugged B．demolished C．hampered D．destroyed I8Y[d$z
Part Ⅳ Cloze(10 points)(请将答案划在答题卡上) Directions: There are 20 blanks in thefollowing passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Youshould choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. y LW iY~Fd
Sea rise as a consequence of globalwarming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living atsea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36miles of acoastline. Most of the world's great seaport cities would be 56 :New Orleans, Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries—Maldives Islands inthe Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific—would be inundated. Heavily populatedcoastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt, 57 large populations occupy low-lying areas,would suffer extreme 58 . Bik mA
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Warmer oceans would spawn strongerhurricanes and typhoons, 59 incoastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around theworld. 60 water quality may result as 61 flooding which forces salt water into coastalirrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable, natural 62 could be flooded with ocean water, destroyingforever many of the 63 plant and animal species living there. k =ru)
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Food supplies and forests would be 64 affected. Changes in rainfall patterns woulddisrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would 65 grain-growing regions pole-wards. The warmingwould also increase and change the pest plants, such as weeds and the insects 66 the crops. P2_ JS]>
Human health would also be affected.Warming could 67 tropical climate bringing with it yellowfever, malaria, and other diseases. Heat stress and heat mortality could rise.The harmful 68 oflocalized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69 .There will be some 70 from warming. New sea-lanes will open in theArctic, longer growing seasons further north will 71 new agricultural lands, and warmer temperaturewill make some of today's colder regions more 72 .But these benefits will be in individual areas. The natural systems—both plantand animal—will be less able than man to cope and 73 .Any change of temperature, rainfall, and sea level of the magnitude now 74 will be destructive to natural systems andliving things and hence to man as well. MV-fDq A(
The list of possible consequences ofglobal warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now tounderstand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to preventand adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions 75 by global warming. B ;SYO>.W
56．A．ascended B．assaulted C．erased D．endangered N FDi2L>Ba
57．A．which B．where C．when D．what gLaFIeF<+
58．A．dislocation B．discontent C．distribution D．distinction $Dxz21|P7
59．A．rebuking B．rambling C．resulting D．rallying :K#'?tH
60．A．Increased B．Reduced C．Expanded D．Saddened R
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61．A．inland B．coastal C．urban D．suburban J)6RXt*!
62．A．dry-land B．mountain C．wetlands D．forest g7EJ yA
63．A．unique B．precious C．interesting D．exciting : tu6'X\k
64．A．geologically B．adversely C．secretively D．serially j,K]T J
65．A．shift B．generate C．grease D．fuse ^cz #PNB
66．A．hiking B．hugging C．attacking D．activating 6#MIt:#
67．A．endanger B．accommodate C．adhere D．enlarge npkE [JE:
68．A．profits B．values C．effects D．interests u}W R1u [
69．A．conditions B．accommodation C．surroundings D．evolution 1mz;4xb
70．A．adjustments B．benefits C．adoptions D．profits T$U,rOB"
71．A．alternate B．abuse C．advocate D．create ^w5`YI4 <
72．A．accidental B．habitable C．anniversary D．ambient E? l_ *[G
73．A．adapt B．alleviate C．agitate D．assert z4D[>2*
74．A．ascertained B．conformed C．consoled D．anticipated +/'3=!oyd
75．A．tutored B．relayed C．triggered D．reflected `PX SQf
Part Ⅴ Translation from English into Chinese(10points)(请将翻译写在答题纸上) Directions: Translate the followingpassage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET. cT'D2Yeq
Understanding this transition requires alook at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being. Energycontributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services asheating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economicproduction. But the costs of energy—including not only the money and otherresources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it, but also environmental andsociopolitical impacts—detract from well-being. _5uz u6:y
For most of human history, the dominantconcerns about energy have centered on the benefit side of theenergy-well-being equation. Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of thetechnologies and organizations for harvesting, converting, and distributingthose resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience,deprivation and constraints on growth. The 1970's, then, represented a turningpoint. After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs—and ofrelegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status—energywas seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be probable thatexcessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply. It alsobecame possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply couldcreate costs exceeding the benefits. 8
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Part Ⅵ Writing(15 points)(请将作文写在答题纸上) Directions: You are asked to write in noless than 200 words about the title of HarmfulPlagiarism in Academic Field in China. You should base your composition onthe outline given in Chinese below. Remember to write neatly on the ANSWERSHEET. ma)Y@Uw M
目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。作为一名未来的博士研究生，你如何看待这些现象，你认为应该如何制止，以及你应该如何从自身做起。 ak 9 4"<p
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