考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 ncb?iJ/b^
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英语形容词翻译 Un^QNd>
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英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 \E9Z
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一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 !EF~I8d\]
来源:考试大 r^ S4 I&
1. These goods are in short supply. CY)/1 # J
这些货物供应不足。 yJWgz`/L
来源:考试大 k^J~l=?v
2. This equation is far from being complicated. OZ&J'Y
这个方程一定也不复杂。 {#
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二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 yX$I<L<Suz
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1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. 2uZ
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这是我度过最愉快的一天。 M<r'j $g
来源:考试大 ~KDx
2. It is easy to compress a gas. .UakO,"z
气体很容易压缩。 t] P[>{y
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三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 D5\$xdlJy
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1. She spoke in a high voice. Z%D*2wm4
她讲话声音很尖。 !(*mcYA*W
来源:考试大 Rs_@L}U..
2. This engine develops a high torque. ?xGxr|+a
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 lInq=
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四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 v/c8P\
来源:考试大 V=VL@=
1. a large brick conference hall Z 7t 0=U
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 RU,f|hB4
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2. a plastic garden chair -TU7GCb=
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 M
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来源:考试大 ZO2u[HSO>
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 6i(V+
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1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. Vl{CD>$,
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 <P'^olQ
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2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. _U1~^ucV
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 !
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来源:考试大 d@b 0z$<s
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. Fm3-Sn|Po
他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 ?g}n$%*5y!
来源:考试大 #StD]d
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 XLwbA4ORq
来源:考试大 kWF4k
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. Q
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我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 Oo`P +S#
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2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. qlIC{:E0
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 qRJg/~_h{
来源:考试大 Ig'Y]%Z0
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. o$\{&:y
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。
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从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 nR6~oB{-
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考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 YUF!Y9!
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: 5w gtc~
来源:考试大 V8NJ0fF
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) lT@5=ou[
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) A%"XN k
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) H+F?)VX}oA
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. *<x]gV
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. l'W?X '
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 +LQ
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 zf$OC}|\w
来源:考试大 DA]!ndJD
(二)increase to n times(④) [=Np.:Y%
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) 7Hf6$2Wh
increase by n times(⑥) U@
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increase by a factor of n(⑦) 2N5N^S
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 kX'1.<[
来源:考试大 A{>]M@QC2
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. E-X-LR{CC
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. cOOPNa>5_
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 VY=~cVkzS
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. hYi-F.Qtq
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 ;NRm ,
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. 6@H&S
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 LMsbTF@E
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 `"GD'Oa
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) 6XFO@c}d
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: p"q-
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Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. eFsku8$<
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 +8Peh9"
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) (ter+rTv
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. '?yZ,t
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 pNVao{::5
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: t:m
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A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) *aG0p&n}
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 Kz$Ijj
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 8P5xRUkV
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) <6v7_
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 hH@018+
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) 61jDI^:
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) X 8[T*L.
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 <U1uuOt
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. HnOF_Twq
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 dW:
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. jj.]R+.G
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 &q