考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 \?e{/hXnl
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英语形容词翻译 Fh4kd>1D
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英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 D"m]`H
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一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 ?HBNd&gZ1G
来源:考试大 ?E0j)P/
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1. These goods are in short supply. 9a5x~Z:'
这些货物供应不足。 6WQT,@?
来源:考试大 2R2ws.}
2. This equation is far from being complicated. .>0j<|~
这个方程一定也不复杂。 CD'.bFO^+T
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二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 %># VhK
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1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. ]4m;NI d
这是我度过最愉快的一天。 |?=K'[5
来源:考试大 0Z{f!MOh
2. It is easy to compress a gas. 9@LL_r`?<
气体很容易压缩。 Qx-/t 9`!Z
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三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 &>zzR$#1
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1. She spoke in a high voice. N,9W18
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她讲话声音很尖。 59;p|
来源:考试大 UMN3.-4K#
2. This engine develops a high torque. -\OvOkr
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 K!c "g,S
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四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 5hN`}Ve
来源:考试大 fk5xIW
1. a large brick conference hall `52+.*J+%
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 ZS*PY,
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2. a plastic garden chair 5eP8nn.D
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 jlvh'y`
来源:考试大 J:<mq5[
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 tk'1o\@p9b
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1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. h0m+u}oP_H
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 77KB-l2
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2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. GRM:o)4;#
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 ,sw|OYb
来源:考试大 0 &M~lJ
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. ~s3X&!#
他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 +,7nsWV
来源:考试大 c`S`.WID
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 lZ5LHUzP
来源:考试大 5&59IA%S
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. 3j
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我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 b|SDg%e
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2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. F9ytU> zh
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 2VpKG*!\
来源:考试大 P 2-^j)
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. F,dPmR
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 VQ}N&H)`
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从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 $6[%N
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考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 SEKR`2Zz,
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: /Fr*k5I
来源:考试大 wI5(`_l{G
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) q1^bH6*fl
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) X-
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A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) O#_\@f#[
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. y&n-8L_
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. WJlJD*3
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 8l>7=~Egp
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 Leu6kPk
来源:考试大 h
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(二)increase to n times(④) r1&eA% eh
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) |4C5;"P c
increase by n times(⑥) {1"kZL
increase by a factor of n(⑦) J4]tT pu"K
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 6Z@?W
来源:考试大 !ra,HkU'
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. Wh)>E!~9
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. kmg/hNtN
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 *qA:%m3
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. s7(1|}jh
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 b:PzqMh{G
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. e>UU/Ks
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 >l b9 j>
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 Y1;jRIOA
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) GP(nb,
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: RGLJaEl !
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. BS2'BS8
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 j|>^wB
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) u"F{cA!B
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. [4Q;5 'Dj
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 Ekn
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: l\TL=8u2c
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) Rw<O%i5/d
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 1*f/Y9 Z
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 Ih[k{p
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) w}YcAnuB{%
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 >x]ir
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) )K]<\Q[
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) iM$iZ;Tp
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 4YXp,U
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. -,ojZFyRi
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 %6x3G
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. %r@:7/
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 EL6<%~,V"I
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 Z^ .qX\<M
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) D7Ds*X`!l
decrease by n times(15) ^vZu[m
decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 } :T}N]
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 }:
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decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 ]sqp^tQ`e
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. G{.A5{
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 b(A;mt#N
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. p]6/1&t