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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 od's1'c R  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 KeHE\Fq^V  
  1 、医生 7>@/*S{X  
  ① doctor, medical worker s]8J+8 <uO  
  ② physician 内科医生 4NR5?s  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 q[+: t   
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 +Y]*>afG  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 `b`52b\6S  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 gH// TbS  
-XIvj'u  
  2 、医院 4x?u5L 9o  
  ① hospital `/ReJj&~  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 UXB8sS*wQ?  
  The general hospital 普通医院 5qfKV&D  
  The community hospital 社区医院 {!Z_&i5  
  The public hospital 公立医院 #I~dv{RX  
  The private hospital 私立医院 LF.~rmPa  
  ② clinc 门诊 d]~1.i  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 gL"Q.ybA  
  ③ ward 病房 JP@m%Yj  
④ medical team 医疗队 |/\1nWD  
~EkGG .  
3、 医疗手段 [ \n.[4gq"  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 f8jz49C  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 3^yWpSC  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 >,vW  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis QO1Gq9  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 6;XpLivP7  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | Z@O e}\.$  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 U zHhU*nW  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 8&hn$~ate  
(9)              TCM 中医  r74w[6(  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 k\Tm?^L)  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 h,?Yw+#o"  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 1U9N8{xg9  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 Dq 4}VkY  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 jt?%03iuk  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; 3-%~{(T/  
|ema-pRC  
  4 、医疗体制 2DdLqZY#  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 LOkDx2@g  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 R! xc $`N  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 ]r5Xp#q2  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 A~SSu.L@  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 O4mWsr  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 {z ~ '  
U<byR!qLie  
  5 、医德 o7B+f  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 ?KW?] o  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 D"5~-9<  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 iAhRlQ{Qu  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 :PkSX*E[q  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 -8e tH&  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 zxHfQ(  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 X~!?t }  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people Ut@)<N  
w=2 X[V}  
  6 、病人 Q&{5.}L  
  (1 )patient { )K(}~VD  
  (2 )the sick wu'60po  
  (3 )the invalid Pw1H) <X  
  (4) sufferer 1-<Xi-=^{t  
   < 3OV  
(二)疾病 ?Kf@/jv  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 {'[1I_3  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) >48Y-w  
  (2) contract (v ) r?*?iw2g  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 Sj+#yct-  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 G&-h,"yo^  
6 h):o  
  2 、必知疾病名称 un=)k;oh  
  heart disease 心脏病 Zx0c6d!B  
  hypertension 高血压 l71\II  
  kidney problem 肾病 38^_(N  
  stroke 中风 ^&%?Q_]  
    shock 休克 X:5*LB\/v  
  the blood pressure 血压 . b"e`Bw_=  
  diabetes 糖尿病 `)fGw7J {  
  obesity 肥胖 HN! l-z  
  terminal illness 绝症 U_?RN)>j  
  incurable illness 不治之症 umeb&\:8S-  
  cancer 癌症 z?^p(UH  
  tumor 肿瘤 vPi+8)  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 "%Ak[04'  
  emergency case 急症 )_ uK(UNZ5  
  serious illness 重症 .O(UK4Mb  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 =9M-N?cV  
  short breath 短气 X}Lp!.i9o  
  syndrome 综合症 V SxLBwXf  
  complications 并发症 i F Ab"VA  
  process 病程 <tNx*ce5  
  bone loss 骨质疏松  O-k(5Zb  
short-sighted (adj)近视 q0}LfXql8  
bCsQWsj^NW  
  3、传染病 O_033&  
  (1) 感染源 _Z%C{~,7)x  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 .d2s4q\  
  (2 )传染疾病 Msf yI B  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 3yQ(,k#  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 6Yklaq5  
  infection contagion 传染病 '=r.rW5  
  infectious diseases 传染病 h OV+}P6  
  AIDS 艾滋病 uZNR]+Yu@  
  SARS -Fb/GZt|  
  (3) 传染 tY7u\Y;^  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 3 . @W.GG8  
  block the channel (v) umi#Se3&  
  disseminate 传播 =I?p(MqW  
cross infection 交叉感染 Qr/?tMALc  
2$jY_{B+x  
  5 、疾病、病痛 #xO`k1W.  
  illness cu Nwv(P  
  sickness 'h:4 Fzo<  
  disease JL <}9K   
  ailment ;m\E9ple  
suffering !a0HF p$9  
mCg5-E~;  
  6 、疾病的转归  X'0A"9  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 BYu|loc  
  recover recovery *FO']D  
  recuperate p t<84CP  
  resume hj-M #a  
  recruit #u#s'W  
  reinstate r&^4L  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 H>M0G L  
  deteriorate gp;(M~we  
  aggravate M[N|HsI8?  
  exasperate eE1w<] Eg  
  make worse r0_3`; H  
  worsen a}MOhM6T  
   .0Cpqn,[  
    7、其他相关词汇 ,)%nLc  
  outbreak and spending b>G!K)MS3  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 KrG$W/<tg  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 J1g `0XH  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 I8e{%PK  
  taboo 禁忌 D{\hPv  
  speed up blood circulation (v) P 3);R>j  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) o)sr E5  
  side effects 副反应 L7C!rS  
complain of 主述 kC6J@t)  
enE8T3   
   ]#KZ W)M  
(三)药物 e &#qj^  
  1 、药物名称 67%o83\  
  medicine PG+ICg  
  drug -"#;U`.oh7  
  remedy |?i-y3N  
  medicinal herbs `gSqwN<x%  
  power ku&IVr%  
  tablet #'_i6  
pill q!t_qX7u  
%\Z{~(&-v  
  2 、药物用法 @OV\raUO&V  
  开药 : S{XV{o  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases ]Wa.k  
  write out a proscription g/'CX}g`  
  服药 c!d>6:\  
  take a medicine nB[Aw7^|A  
  治…的疾病 tg_v\n  
a remedy for some diseases }'U "HHv  
MdV-;uf  
3 、其他相关词汇 Y_ b;1RN  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 &-mPj82R  
  side effects 副反应 f| P%  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 %9cu(yc*}  
  drugstore 药房 Q ;V `  
  over the counter 非处方药 35|F?Jx.r  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 !#wd~: H  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 o&g-0!"  
  prescription 处方 )FVW/{NF@q  
  expenses for medicine 药费 Vj(}'h-c\  
  charges for medicine $Hh3*reSg-  
drug rebate 药品回扣 !|}(tqt  
&.~Xl:lq  
   9U$n;uA  
(四)心理疾病 t F^|,9_<  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 z'FD{xdf  
  subhealth 亚健康 _o'_ z ]  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 WPLM*]6  
  psychological problem 心理问题 ?+EN.P[;3  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 '!Gnr[aR  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 AWSe!\b  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 CtItzp  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 57W4E{A  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 ,2hZtJ<A  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 Id-?her>B  
psychological expert 心理专家 &Xw{%Rg  
T 9lk&7W  
  2 、情绪词汇 uEp v l  
  overcome 57:Wh= x  
  disappoint B1\@ n$  
  disappointed ~xz3- a/  
  shy , ?Uz7($}  
  flush ,":l >0P[  
  frustration JUBihw4  
  failure ){=2td$=$  
  willpower -4:L[.2  
  optimism SVvR]T&_  
  optimistic 7vBB <\  
  be sensitive to t%jB[w&,os  
  nervous ~i&Lc7Xl  
  tensional \A-w,]9^V  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic xHN"7j}h  
  confident confidence !M]_CPh]  
  stress pressure wr\d5j  
  depress depressed |BysSJ  
  depression depressive i Rwqt-WZ  
   e<|'   
3 、疲劳相关词汇 gHS;RF9  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary -QaS/WO_  
   41swG  
(五)肥胖与营养 %dXfC!  
  1 、营养物质 #]`ejr:2O  
  nutrient 营养素 /uSEG<D  
  protein 蛋白质 @Bfwb?&  
  fat 脂肪 pf.T{ /%  
  glucose 葡萄糖 yQQ[_1$pq  
  vitamin 维生素 ldJ eja~Xl  
  sugar 糖类 HaeF`gI^Ee  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 p-U'5<n  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 7{oG4X!  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 JnX@eBNV  
cholesterol胆固醇 45` Gv  
["N>Po  
  2 、营养与饮食 x9PEYhL?  
  a well-balanced diet UP:+1Sp9  
  nutrition 营养 RB'12^[  
  nutritional 营养的 1'EMYQ  
d87pQ3e:&  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 Y=/3_[G   
#'z\[^vp  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall KM (U-<<R  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase "z^Ysvw&~  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; O*oL(dk*8L  
4.       食品安全 food safety  ]\P  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies X%,;IW]a  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to s @o"V >t  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ZvNXfC3Ia  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system c#9 zw[y-L  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care f%*-PW^*  
10.   服务体系service system A V0JoUyZ  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene a|?CC/Ra  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. ?vf{v  
13.   清淡的lite }9P)<[>  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet ]2zx}D4f  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN ~`tc|Zu  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 {LJCY<IGq  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; x+yt| &B  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease AH=6xtS-  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; $BH0W{S  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion 7SAu">lIl  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" %I Y-0\  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 7\ {<AM?*  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D `5e#9@/e  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate C?x  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness ,PN>,hFL  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s i-E&Y*\^9H  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse s?%1/&.~  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 8-8= \  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – j1d #\  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver 8a?V h^  
31.   血压 hypertension ol`]6"Sc  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon toIljca  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 k, v.U8  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ 8KoP aq   
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 ? # G_ &  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ~=c^ Oo:  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds wp*;F#:G  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations };zF&  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle qVM]$V#e  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 S%%>&^5  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people :EA,0 ,  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent <<;j=Yy({`  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from W BiBtU  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to *4(.=k  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to $rjv4e}7  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to rqa;MPl  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive  R6AZIN:  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak _wHqfj)  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly "HYK~V  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations  %gf8'Q  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 7z+NR&' M$  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate &2) mpY8xQ  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy 0q62{p7  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances &_-~kU1K^  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance =CqLZ$10  
56.   退休养老金retirement n 8\ :T*u3  
57.   医疗改革health care reform '{Ywb@Bc  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity Wxg|jP$~   
59.   月经期menstrual period S *~-~kv4-  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 4Q!*h8O  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care  kU#$  
62.   安乐死euthanasia OY@/18D<>  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill 2#py>rF(  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! kszY bz"  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient U : IQWlC  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. ,':?3| $c  
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