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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 Np7+g`nG  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 fYSH]!  
  1 、医生 ,R. rxoO  
  ① doctor, medical worker (@m/j2z  
  ② physician 内科医生 w p\-LO~  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 1J([*)  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 SSxp!E'  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 1oe,>\\  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 I3HO><o f  
E5!vw@,  
  2 、医院 x$;RfK2&p  
  ① hospital ^hXm=r4ozR  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 [Do^EJ  
  The general hospital 普通医院 _K}q%In  
  The community hospital 社区医院 aq)g&.dw?  
  The public hospital 公立医院 ; [G:  
  The private hospital 私立医院 URceq2_  
  ② clinc 门诊 rY 6x):sC  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 ?5FlbiT  
  ③ ward 病房 )9^)t   
④ medical team 医疗队 ,Kl:4 Tv  
Q, :{(R  
3、 医疗手段 E*O($tS  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 A|GtF3:G  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 b"uO BB  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 \_WR:?l  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis 1~t.2eUG  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 G<M0KU (  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | UAPd["`)y  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 :`e#I/,  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 5mQ@&E~#W  
(9)              TCM 中医 {;DAKWm@T  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 9j|v D  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 L/ Q[N^ (^  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 w%.hALN5-C  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 @QV0l]H0+  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 tBbOxMm0  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; ]o8]b7-  
?OLd }8y  
  4 、医疗体制 g35!a<JW  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 "aOs#4N  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 N2O *g`YC  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 V _:`K$  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 6LBdTnzUd  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 qS#G7~ur>y  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 }3^ m>i*8  
sSh{.XuB+3  
  5 、医德 lG)wa  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 C< 9x\JY%  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 T9 /;$6s*  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 5E\.YqdV  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 >G:Q/3jh  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 6N#hN)/  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 ,B[j{sE  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 moM? aYm  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people Y~AjcqS  
_K o#36.S  
  6 、病人 .\ ;'>qy  
  (1 )patient 1uAjy(y  
  (2 )the sick h^SWb9 1"G  
  (3 )the invalid {V6&((E8  
  (4) sufferer )i~AXBt}  
   WO_Uc_R  
(二)疾病 xU.1GI%UPu  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 ; ~pgF_  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) pR61bl)  
  (2) contract (v ) ij ?7MP  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 g&s. 0+  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 J].Oxch&y  
w:t~M[kTW  
  2 、必知疾病名称 G-d7}Uz ?  
  heart disease 心脏病 h} `v0E  
  hypertension 高血压 geme_  
  kidney problem 肾病 3`bQ0-D;  
  stroke 中风 z`wIb  
    shock 休克 <tD,Uu {P  
  the blood pressure 血压 lq-KM8j  
  diabetes 糖尿病 YO$Ig:a#  
  obesity 肥胖 |0n )U(  
  terminal illness 绝症 BJjic%V  
  incurable illness 不治之症 @IL04' \  
  cancer 癌症 `?z('FV  
  tumor 肿瘤 cibl j?"Wi  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 y\T$) XGV  
  emergency case 急症 g88k@<Y  
  serious illness 重症 tm~9XFQ<  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 QTHY{:Rmu  
  short breath 短气 mkSu $c  
  syndrome 综合症 r8EJ@pOF2w  
  complications 并发症 1CC0]pyHX  
  process 病程 w){B$X  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 `i`P}W!F  
short-sighted (adj)近视 dcf,a<K\  
!]F`qS>  
  3、传染病 Qw0k-t0=4  
  (1) 感染源 fEBi'Ad  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 JN 8Rh  
  (2 )传染疾病 2XR!2_)O5  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 sX"L\v  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 /4;mj E  
  infection contagion 传染病 JG;}UuHYM  
  infectious diseases 传染病 }ILBX4c  
  AIDS 艾滋病 Zf$mwRS[_  
  SARS 3eUi9_s+  
  (3) 传染 mZiKA-t  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 -|V#U`mwF  
  block the channel (v) JZ}zXv   
  disseminate 传播 @fA{;@N  
cross infection 交叉感染 vAM1|,U  
f/dJRcDl<  
  5 、疾病、病痛 >~,~X9   
  illness a<-aE4wdm  
  sickness uihH")Mo  
  disease =Htt'""DN  
  ailment ,=e.Q AF!"  
suffering ,#XXwm ^I  
@G;9eh0$  
  6 、疾病的转归 6"_pCkn;c<  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 mx)!]B"  
  recover recovery Ko&4{}/  
  recuperate %f<>Kwr`2  
  resume <<-L,0  
  recruit %e[E@H7  
  reinstate qUfoEpW2=6  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 '`;=d<'  
  deteriorate m=n79]b:N  
  aggravate bj`GGxzOb  
  exasperate V]Te_ >E;w  
  make worse ^/2HH  
  worsen 8Dl(zYK;  
   )*_G/<N) |  
    7、其他相关词汇 a A$\iFYA  
  outbreak and spending }8AH/  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 '__>M>[  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 uhj]le!  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 z#Qe$`4&  
  taboo 禁忌 K. B\F)K  
  speed up blood circulation (v) bp/l~h.7W  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) #)n$Q^9&   
  side effects 副反应 ;1yF[<a  
complain of 主述 -J=6)  
%7 -(c  
   _1RvK? ;.{  
(三)药物 gJp6ReZ#  
  1 、药物名称 @H$8;CRM  
  medicine P(yLRc  
  drug (xvg.Nby  
  remedy iz;5:  
  medicinal herbs E,\)tZ;,  
  power ;o)'dK  
  tablet }fk3a9j9u  
pill x]`F#5j  
SFh<>J^ 0a  
  2 、药物用法 (;=|2N>7  
  开药 : qi~-<qW  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases _\yR/W~  
  write out a proscription %CYo, e  
  服药 6:S, {@G  
  take a medicine L_9uwua.B~  
  治…的疾病 117lhx].'  
a remedy for some diseases ah<p_qe9|  
j;48Yya'  
3 、其他相关词汇 LEjq<t1&  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 JFc, f  
  side effects 副反应 "oiN8#Hf  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 I74Rw*fB  
  drugstore 药房 LCS.C(n,  
  over the counter 非处方药 t zd#9 #  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 _#v"sGmN  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 Z JcX-Z!\  
  prescription 处方 >`&2]Wc)  
  expenses for medicine 药费 ChUE,)  
  charges for medicine &QD)1b[U  
drug rebate 药品回扣 y@$E5sz  
Dz$w6 d  
   ,<K+.7,)E  
(四)心理疾病 oB!Y)f6H1  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 [O^/"Qk  
  subhealth 亚健康 p{_*<"cfYn  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 ?[bE/Ya+S  
  psychological problem 心理问题 &d6ud |  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 F4-rPv  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 "3]}V=L<5  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 #r"|%nOfY  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 2DsP "q79k  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 )lt1I\n* k  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 SXl~lYUL  
psychological expert 心理专家 6Hb a@Q1`  
'l!\2Wv2  
  2 、情绪词汇 Wk3-J&QbS  
  overcome 6RxI9{ry  
  disappoint Sn'!Nq>  
  disappointed A)!W VT&2A  
  shy , RuVk>(?WK%  
  flush [~|k;\2 +  
  frustration iNl<<0a  
  failure 2uT6M%OC  
  willpower ,KM%/;1Dm  
  optimism ):tv V  
  optimistic d)biMI}<5  
  be sensitive to ,vvfk=-  
  nervous xWa[qCr  
  tensional q Sv!5&u  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic jCtk3No  
  confident confidence BB3 a8  
  stress pressure Z)~ ?foe'  
  depress depressed &,P A+#  
  depression depressive [ywF!#'){  
   B[YyA  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 9cN@y<_I  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary .Xf_U.h$*@  
    Jn|<G  
(五)肥胖与营养 3;}YW^oXq  
  1 、营养物质 NW0se DL  
  nutrient 营养素 n2AoEbd  
  protein 蛋白质 4mp)v*z  
  fat 脂肪 {P?DkUO}  
  glucose 葡萄糖 ? uTuO  
  vitamin 维生素 G='`*_$  
  sugar 糖类 U{l f$  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 N`N=}&v ]  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 !U(S?:hvW  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 d@*dbECG  
cholesterol胆固醇 ? B|i  
9%ct   
  2 、营养与饮食 w > GW  
  a well-balanced diet 5M )B  
  nutrition 营养 UBQtD|m\  
  nutritional 营养的 Ux" ^3D  
Mx93D   
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 l1 08.ao  
Edh9=sxL  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall G5 )"%G.  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase g_tEUaiK  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; ?_uan  
4.       食品安全 food safety Eqny'44  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies vft7-|8T  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to >c:nr&yP  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU 5c%Fb :BW=  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system F)'_,.?0  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care }\N ~%?6D  
10.   服务体系service system A n~w[ajC/  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene :u@ w ;  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. /!"sPtIh  
13.   清淡的lite [["eK9 }0  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet M6]:^;p'  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN /k\)q  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 ~^ '+ .  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; ` -f\6r|:)  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease cUi6 On1C  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; pF~aR]Q  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion R >[G6LOG  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" g6 SZ4WV  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission +H? XqSC  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D `v/p4/  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate BH$hd|KD<  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness 2'ws@U}lR  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s f.vJJa  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse 5]3Mj*u\  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to eM7 F8j  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 6k|f]BCL  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver shY8h   
31.   血压 hypertension sk t9mU  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon h)r=+Q\'(S  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 sa"!ckh  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ qs (L2'7/  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 Ivq|-LDNc  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health j#VR>0oC]\  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds ?Bd6<F -G  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations 8tT/w5  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle HIlTt  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 |A)a ='Ap  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people 'L%)B-,n  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent > mP([]  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from hi ),PfAV  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to )Y=ti~?M(  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to OK:YnSk"  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to '^:q|h  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive 7C@m(oK  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak _E^ !, Wz  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly n 1y*`5!  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations 1(a+|  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon Lyjp  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate !$,e)89  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy T FK#ign  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances W=!D[G R  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance kE{-h'xADD  
56.   退休养老金retirement n 3TT?GgQ  
57.   医疗改革health care reform \r\wqz7  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity aw1 f;&K4  
59.   月经期menstrual period S CN#2-[T  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace dYp} R>+  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care N8`q.;qewz  
62.   安乐死euthanasia U0dhr;l  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill [F^j(qTR  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! {9h`h08?z  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient  \.MPjD  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. !4fT<V (  
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