考博英语语法重点总结 PP. k>zsx
N?kXAT
B
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 \&R }JK
独立主格特征 pp R_y
1. 充当句子的状语。 , $}P<WZMu
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 2a5yJeaIv*
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 n-D r/c4
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词）
*X*D,
VY
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. x O/44D
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. \Y>^L{
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). BR*" " /3`
真题剖析 ?
@h
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. q<o A%yR
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because %- %/3
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 8Ral%I:gr
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be JR
2v}b
虚拟语气 dXe763~<
虚拟语气（2） .a;-7|x
1. （should）+动词原形 "N4c>2Q
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 r vw1'y
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句
pm5Yc @D
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 $N,9 e
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 #g ~~zwx/N
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 <u4GIi
<sm
would rather +动词过去式 +=\S "e[F
真题剖析 Ctj jN=5
9
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … *eUL1
m8Y
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t eZ}FKg%2[
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. %6Hn1'7+v
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded
&+&^Hc
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. *aG0p&n}
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take K z$Ijj
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. hzKfYJcQ|
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) o<V-gS
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should hH@018+
非谓语动词 vaTXu *
动名词、分词、不定式。 uA}as m
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 61 jDI^:
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) :^l*_v{
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Z>CFH9
真题剖析 }d6g{`
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. /Zm@.%.
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops _fMooI)U1
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. &1w,;45
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative 'JkK0a2D
主谓一致 @B& hR} 4
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ZO}V
} 3
How you got there doesn’t concern me. ?.4.Ubc\
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. <D&75C#
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 aP"i_!\.aa
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. sM?DNE^BvW
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 vW]BO zK
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 JVXBm]
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). *q pmI9m
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 E"w7/k#3}C
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. u$a%{46
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) W?6RUyMC$T
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） i$%V)pH~F
He no less than John is interested in literature. DtZkrj)D/
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ^8fO3<Jg
Either my father or my brothers are coming. B*? v` 6
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 qbT].,?!U
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. fY-{,+ `'
真题剖析 ;OVJM
qg
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. l'o'q7&=z
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some nE/T) [1|
倒装 Ymn0?$,D1=
全部倒装 UQ hfR}(
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” T=>&`aZH
There stand big buildings in this district. Y> 7/>x6
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. mNuv>GAb
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) -M(:z
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. IcaF 4#
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 5[;p<GqGN
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. &&t4G }*
4. 表语位于句首 &z,w0FOre
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. M%6{A+(
Not far from here is a famous university. WE=`8`Li
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 bup;4~ g
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. O":x$>'t
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. sLB{R#Pt
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） Zcdt\;HKr
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. YK_a37E{F
部分倒装 "Tfb d^AU
1. 疑问句 0 y6nMI
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 6rPe\'n=B
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. Imi_}NB+
3. “only+状语”位于句首 }`*]&I[P
Only when he comes back can be leave. C2!POf;GdN
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 b vUYLWzS
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. k>2 x m
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) [N H[n#
By no means should you break the rules. #d__
At no time should we give in to difficulties. fMhMB |W.
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 1C'lT,twl
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ud! iy
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. lq+FH&
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. v{&c
god
