英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: , n+dB2\
S十V主谓结构 /6f
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S十V十F主系表结构 u6D>^qF}@'
S十V十O主谓宾结构 /|>z7#?m^
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 \oaO7w,:"
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 [rf.P'p%
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 9_&.G4%V
五个基本句式详细解释如下: ;ASlsUE\)
1.S十V句式 mH;\z;lyK
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: 5Zh
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He runs quickly. 7q(RQQp
他跑得快。 o8Tt|Lxb$8
They listened carefully. 0Pbv7)=XL
他们听得很仔细。 qi$6
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He suffered from cold and hunger. l.FkX
他挨冻受饿。 tL
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China belongs to the third world country. $2\OBc=
中国属于第三世界国家。 hg |DpP
The gas has given out. }+,;wj~
煤气用完了。 z#*fELV
My ink has run out. f7\$r
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我的钢笔水用完了。 )88z=5.
2.S十V十P句式 LG@5Z-
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: g&X$)V4C
He is older than he looks. yX/ 9jk
他比看上去要老。 a!]'S4JS
He seen interested in the book. RYy_Ppn96f
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 /0@'8f\I
The story sounds interesting. P @G2F:
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这个故事听起来有趣。 7$Jb
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The desk feels hard. g>cp;co9g
书桌摸起来很硬。 1@egAo)
The cake tastes nice. :!n_a*.{
饼尝起来很香。 ;3'ta!.c
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. F8S% \i
花闻起来香甜。 =#
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You have grown taller than before. 6* (6>F5
你长得比以前高了。 @l41'?m
He has suddenly fallen ill. V9mqJRFJ:
他突然病倒了。 j
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He stood quite still. !:]CKbG
他静静地站看。 oSq?.*w<
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. HRn
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他长大后当了教师。 ^ ~'&K e
He could never turn traitor to his country. 98'/
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他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 1DLAfsLlj
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: Lyo!}T
He looked me up and down. qQ6rF
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他上下打量我。 iI.pxo
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He reached his hand to feel the elephant. v#c'p^T
他伸出手来摸象。 h}0}g]IUx
They are tasting the fish. Lz
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他们在品尝鱼。 ",O |uL
They grow rice in their home town. Y&wtF8
他们在家乡种水稻。 *hWpJEV
He's got a chair to sit on. QiKci%=SX
他有椅子坐。 GBeWF-`B
Please turn the sentence into English. *^aEUp6&
请把这个句于泽成英语。 /]pJ(FFC
3.S十V十O句式 b'r</n
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: Jt++3]
I saw a film yesterday. @I"&k!e<2
我昨天看了一部电影。 $/p0DY
Have you read the story? #ME!G/
你读过这个故事吗? I%(YR"
They found their home easily. amTeTo]Tg
他们很容易找到他们的家。 a_Sp}s<J
They built a house last year. NMs8^O|0
他们去年建了一所房子。 [g<Y,0,J
They've put up a factory in the village. h*>%ou
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 C]EkVcKFA
They have taken good care of the children. zsM2R"[X
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 r=Tz++!
You should look after your children well. @vZeye
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 whi#\>i
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 HVd y!J
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: @>fsg-|
He gave me a book/a book to me. ~] &yHzp2
他给我一本书。 nnOgmI7
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 'Z*`~,Q
他带给我一枝钢笔。 $fCKK&Wy
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. yJK:4af;.
他把座位让给我。 q4#$ca[_ak
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: O llS
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. Z=9<esx
妈妈给我买了一本书。 38 ]}+Bb
He got me a chair/a chair for me. 4Ei8G]O
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 "XQ3mi`y
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. N~uc%wO
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请帮我一下。 ExhK\J
He asked me a question/a question of me. %4wEAi$I
他问我个问题。 5X>K#N
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: bf=!\L$
They robbed the old man of his money. *knN?`(x
他们抢了老人的钱。 +zwS[P@
He's warned me of the danger. H_ a##z
他警告我注意危险。 D<hX%VJ%M
The doctor has cured him of his disease. xw}rFY$
医生治好了他的病。
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We must rid the house of th erats. aGOS9
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 .]H/u
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They deprived him of his right to speak. h3bQ<?m
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 rd>>=~vx=/
5.S十V十O十C句式 `YUeVz>q?
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 ce;$)Ff\
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ,A&`WE
They made the girl angry. u -)ED
他们使这个女孩生气了。
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They found her happy that day. s2(7z9jR
他们发现那天她很高兴。 # >I_
I found him out. Hs$HeAp;
我发现他出去了。 7Vk9{x$z
I saw him in. ]#[4eaCg
我见他在家。 $}IG+,L
They saw a foot mark in the sand. EXF]y}n
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 :IU<A G6
They named the boy Charlie. M)ao}m>
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 Qn|8Ic` *
I saw him come in and go out. !VaC=I^{
我见他进来又出去。 mZXtHFMu
They felt the car moving fast. p s?su`
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 tK@7t0
I heard the glass broken just now. \D k >dE&I
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 Lagk
He found the doctor of study closed to him. o=#ym4hJ%
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。