英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: bK("8T\?
S十V主谓结构 4I
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S十V十F主系表结构 :
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 *D,+v!wG9
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 ,h5.Si>
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 "a`0s_F,^
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 Iu(T@",Q#
五个基本句式详细解释如下: #JO#PV%
1.S十V句式 }.2pR*W
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: aiw~4ix
He runs quickly. @w6^*Z_hQ
他跑得快。 cGsxfwD
They listened carefully. x7Ly,
他们听得很仔细。 MJV&%E6{:{
He suffered from cold and hunger. N iNZh;
他挨冻受饿。 5&2=;?E
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China belongs to the third world country. >eAlz4
中国属于第三世界国家。 }%$9nq3
The gas has given out. fBD5K3
煤气用完了。 |KU>+4
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My ink has run out. \~jt7 Q
我的钢笔水用完了。 Sqc*u&W
2.S十V十P句式 # dW$"u
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: :;{U2q+
He is older than he looks. 0[PPVr:
他比看上去要老。 faD
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He seen interested in the book. ]4uIb+(S
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 Ez<J+#)t
The story sounds interesting. r1ctW#\~8
这个故事听起来有趣。 c0!bn b
The desk feels hard. C"IPCJYn
书桌摸起来很硬。 (M.Sl
The cake tastes nice. `U(A 5
饼尝起来很香。 }Ax$}#
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. OX|/yw8
花闻起来香甜。 v[m/>l2[P
You have grown taller than before. x*BfR
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你长得比以前高了。 &giJO-^
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He has suddenly fallen ill. .t"s>jq 1
他突然病倒了。 a5Xr"-
He stood quite still. oPzt1Y
他静静地站看。 6],5X^*Y
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. qZ_^#%zO
他长大后当了教师。 3gv>AgG
He could never turn traitor to his country. {hg,F?p
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他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 :l3Tt<
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: wF@qBDxg
He looked me up and down. >L&>B5)9
他上下打量我。 $`l- cSH;
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. p+9vSM #
他伸出手来摸象。 AU-/-h=Mr
They are tasting the fish. & r\z9!
他们在品尝鱼。 [|k@Suv |z
They grow rice in their home town. oh& PQ{
他们在家乡种水稻。 ]lZ!en
He's got a chair to sit on. *QjFrw
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他有椅子坐。 U]e;=T:3
Please turn the sentence into English. @#8F5G#
请把这个句于泽成英语。 3ufUB^@4v
3.S十V十O句式 /:U\U_j
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: G9Xrwk<g4
I saw a film yesterday. `n5)o
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我昨天看了一部电影。 -fG;`N5U
Have you read the story? gR
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你读过这个故事吗? !30Dice
They found their home easily.
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他们很容易找到他们的家。 =P0~=UP
They built a house last year. J,+|
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他们去年建了一所房子。 Bz7T1B&to
They've put up a factory in the village. =GnDiI
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 "MK:y[+*
They have taken good care of the children. eCk}B$ 2
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 Ov?k4kJ
You should look after your children well. a8Ci 7<V
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 L6 hTz'
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 FS1<f:
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: ivw2EEo,
He gave me a book/a book to me. MlS<txFPS
他给我一本书。 ~{U~9v^v(
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. {T m-X`
他带给我一枝钢笔。 #Du1(R
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. >,32~C
他把座位让给我。 ]hL 1qS
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: yWt87+%T
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. XP6R$0yN
妈妈给我买了一本书。 K.b-8NIUW
He got me a chair/a chair for me. DghX(rs_
他给我弄了一把椅子。 e~nmI
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Please do me a favor/a favor for me. >9Ub=tZm
请帮我一下。 VEo>uR
He asked me a question/a question of me. s{`r$:!
他问我个问题。 UiaY0 .D
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: &[qLl
They robbed the old man of his money. [S-NGip
他们抢了老人的钱。 hpLo
He's warned me of the danger. &7|=8Z[o
他警告我注意危险。 jyLpe2 S
The doctor has cured him of his disease. Vk@u|6U'
医生治好了他的病。
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We must rid the house of th erats. )k <ON~x
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 ,R ]]]7)+
They deprived him of his right to speak. YNHn# 98\
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 4+' yJ9~,B
5.S十V十O十C句式 tezsoR!.ak
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 "2N3L8?k
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 qmtVk
They made the girl angry. 76mQ$ze
他们使这个女孩生气了。 lNls8@
They found her happy that day. BLuILE:$
他们发现那天她很高兴。 $zy
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I found him out. s|%mGt &L
我发现他出去了。 =TwV_Dro~
I saw him in. y<8)mw
我见他在家。 j}#48{
They saw a foot mark in the sand. :7@"E
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 HiILJyb
They named the boy Charlie.
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 6./h0kD`
I saw him come in and go out. E6y/,s^~S_
我见他进来又出去。 P/,7CfyPd
They felt the car moving fast. E9!IGci
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 2W$c%~j$2
I heard the glass broken just now. J0C<Qb[
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 +\\*Iy'xK
He found the doctor of study closed to him. ORp6
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。