英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: '<8ewU
S十V主谓结构 :^?ZVi59j
S十V十F主系表结构 ZYkeW
S十V十O主谓宾结构 j1<@*W&b
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 xae}8E
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 v,1.n{!;
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 \+S~N:@><k
五个基本句式详细解释如下: -Z]?v3
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1.S十V句式 7c<2oTN'
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: j'CRm5O
He runs quickly. a<c % Xy/
他跑得快。 A-.j
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They listened carefully. v@"xEf1n[
他们听得很仔细。 --.: eFE/
He suffered from cold and hunger. sStaTR{
他挨冻受饿。 U*v//@WbH
China belongs to the third world country. )"
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中国属于第三世界国家。 u[PO'6Kzd
The gas has given out. jcFh2
煤气用完了。 wdoA>a?q
My ink has run out. fd*=`+P
我的钢笔水用完了。 r'pFHX
2.S十V十P句式 t`H^!
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在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: \L6U}ZQ2V
He is older than he looks. :3{@LOil^
他比看上去要老。 18
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He seen interested in the book. +JBhw4et;.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 0>VgO{X
The story sounds interesting. M_$pqVm
这个故事听起来有趣。 8r)eiERv
The desk feels hard. #qm<4]91
书桌摸起来很硬。 J'^BxN&
The cake tastes nice. F)5QpDmqb
饼尝起来很香。 dg/7?gV
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. bHWy9 -
花闻起来香甜。 RE!MX>sOEq
You have grown taller than before. DTn=WGm)
你长得比以前高了。 dFo9O!YX[f
He has suddenly fallen ill.
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他突然病倒了。 H,KU!1p
He stood quite still. OQW#BBet@
他静静地站看。 I?s)^'
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. qV9`
他长大后当了教师。 =@gH$Q_1
He could never turn traitor to his country. wC'KI8-
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 sB-c'`,w`
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: eey <:n/Z
He looked me up and down. &Mo=V4i>
他上下打量我。 E'JVf%)
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. I)_072^O
他伸出手来摸象。 $
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They are tasting the fish. V4/P
他们在品尝鱼。 REQ2pfk0
They grow rice in their home town. h7[V
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他们在家乡种水稻。 +=$]f jE?
He's got a chair to sit on. [M@i
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他有椅子坐。 ZV_mP'1*
Please turn the sentence into English. eem.lVVD
请把这个句于泽成英语。 tvf"w`H
3.S十V十O句式 nHNMoA
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ItC*[
I saw a film yesterday. jWUN~#p!
我昨天看了一部电影。 +g7Iu! cA
Have you read the story? K34ca-~
你读过这个故事吗? [WY
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They found their home easily. =
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他们很容易找到他们的家。 f!xIMIl)+
They built a house last year. zu*0uL
他们去年建了一所房子。 Q(oWaG
They've put up a factory in the village. rTDx|pvYx
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 +_
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They have taken good care of the children. .fUqsq
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 *ZKfyn$+~
You should look after your children well. F!c%&Z
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 (^eE8j/K
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 }\*dD2qNL}
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: 7:mM`0g!
He gave me a book/a book to me. 5p
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他给我一本书。 csH1X/3ha\
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. +@usJkxul
他带给我一枝钢笔。 O`OntYwa>
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. m-*du(
他把座位让给我。 QIBv}hgcy
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: i. `S0
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. `"A\8)6-
妈妈给我买了一本书。 :g+R}TR[i
He got me a chair/a chair for me. YUM%3
他给我弄了一把椅子。 8'Z9Z*^h#x
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. JgYaA*1X
请帮我一下。 G)5%f\&
He asked me a question/a question of me. Y]B2-wt-
他问我个问题。 ,)S|%tDW
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: y5|`B(
They robbed the old man of his money. 5<,}^4wWZ
他们抢了老人的钱。 CIj3D"
He's warned me of the danger. i,<TaW*I
他警告我注意危险。 Y;xVB"
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The doctor has cured him of his disease. Le|Ho^h,Y
医生治好了他的病。 Mm^o3vl
We must rid the house of th erats. ]*ZL>fuD|
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 "eZNci
They deprived him of his right to speak. +\\,FO_
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 o-GlBXI;
5.S十V十O十C句式 + [|2k(U
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 h1FM)n[E7
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 aoI{<,(
They made the girl angry. T$0//7$')
他们使这个女孩生气了。 hi`\3B
They found her happy that day. 3oE *86
他们发现那天她很高兴。 X<#
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I found him out. |XLx6E2F
我发现他出去了。 %RdCSQ9~
I saw him in. _\
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我见他在家。 &r/a\t,8n
They saw a foot mark in the sand. m9wV#Ldu
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 b@/z^
k{%
They named the boy Charlie. 7t0\}e
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 sn}U4=u
I saw him come in and go out. N&-d8
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我见他进来又出去。 /V$[M
They felt the car moving fast. ^z"90-V^
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 ]+
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I heard the glass broken just now. <,`=m|z9k
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 O5{
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. [3]!*Cd
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。