英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: ]!v:xjzT
S十V主谓结构 u0Nag=cU
S十V十F主系表结构 x
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 _[eAA4h
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 !|SVRaS
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 8IX:XDEQ
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 ,};UD
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五个基本句式详细解释如下: >= G{.H
1.S十V句式 {
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在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: 7Nw}
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He runs quickly. ]\ fXy?2
他跑得快。 FCk4[qOp7
They listened carefully. st|;]q9?
他们听得很仔细。 $]{20"
He suffered from cold and hunger. aGl*h"&
他挨冻受饿。 k|Xxr
China belongs to the third world country. X {["
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中国属于第三世界国家。 t[L_n m5-
The gas has given out. eU[f6OGqC
煤气用完了。
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My ink has run out. T7wy{;
我的钢笔水用完了。 F(yx/W>Br_
2.S十V十P句式 ?u*gKI
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: U}6FB =
He is older than he looks. a!_vd B
他比看上去要老。 |=dmxfj@
He seen interested in the book. p1-bq:
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 QG|KZ8uO
The story sounds interesting. # 1S*}Q<k
这个故事听起来有趣。 NI@$"
The desk feels hard. FN25,Q8:*I
书桌摸起来很硬。
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The cake tastes nice. lzKJy
饼尝起来很香。 ^KBE2C
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. %(9BWO
花闻起来香甜。 i8]2y
You have grown taller than before. +[=yLE#P%
你长得比以前高了。 `I\)Kk@*b9
He has suddenly fallen ill. x[ sSM:
他突然病倒了。 fP6]zy^*
He stood quite still. fnZa IV=H
他静静地站看。 r*n_#&-7
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. LC!ZeW35
他长大后当了教师。 0Hs\q!5Q
He could never turn traitor to his country. ]<V,5'xh
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 %(EUZu2
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: ;+) M~2 =
He looked me up and down. zF&>1y.$
他上下打量我。 1pUIZ$@?`
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. mXX9Aa>
他伸出手来摸象。 j3!]wolY
They are tasting the fish. =,*4:TU
他们在品尝鱼。
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They grow rice in their home town. W|go*+`W%
他们在家乡种水稻。 Jb~nu
He's got a chair to sit on. x8]9Xe:_>O
他有椅子坐。 &"90pBGK
Please turn the sentence into English. hb6UyN
请把这个句于泽成英语。 WHV]H
3.S十V十O句式 VTDp9s
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ..ig jc#UF
I saw a film yesterday. .js@F/Hp
我昨天看了一部电影。 +
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Have you read the story? hBSci|*f
你读过这个故事吗? q><E?
They found their home easily. ^,Sl^ 9K
他们很容易找到他们的家。 Z/z(P8#U\
They built a house last year. 0FDfB;
他们去年建了一所房子。 u1?1x
They've put up a factory in the village. iU5Aj:U3
他们在村里建了一座工厂。
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They have taken good care of the children. mkfU
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这些孩子他们照看得很好。 5"f')MKUV9
You should look after your children well. &^HqbLz
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 }&Eb {'
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 !l7eB@O
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: !MOgM
He gave me a book/a book to me. p^G:h6|+|
他给我一本书。 +4k Bd<0Y
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. QR!8 n
他带给我一枝钢笔。 |[k/
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. #+2|ZfCn%
他把座位让给我。 e1e2Wk
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: \9T;-]
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. c}nXMA^^
妈妈给我买了一本书。 yNk9KK )
He got me a chair/a chair for me. IxY%d}[uo
他给我弄了一把椅子。
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Please do me a favor/a favor for me. I("J$
请帮我一下。 mQQ5>0^m
He asked me a question/a question of me. 33O@jbs@
他问我个问题。 gxpGi@5
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: NX?J
They robbed the old man of his money. UR~9*`Z ,
他们抢了老人的钱。 C7ZU)MEUd/
He's warned me of the danger. RlU=
他警告我注意危险。 sjLI^#a
The doctor has cured him of his disease. gi;#?gps
医生治好了他的病。 %DAF26t
We must rid the house of th erats. L]o
5=K
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 i%7b)t[y
They deprived him of his right to speak. }e/P|7&
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 Ak!l}d
5.S十V十O十C句式 5b_[f(
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 .7-Yu1{2
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ]k[y#oB
They made the girl angry. v4}kmH1
他们使这个女孩生气了。 gIR{!'
They found her happy that day. GI}h)T
他们发现那天她很高兴。 RltG/ZI
I found him out. <$s G]l!\
我发现他出去了。 :U`8s#
I saw him in. Za{sT&(|
我见他在家。
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They saw a foot mark in the sand. rIz"_r
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 B$b'bw.
They named the boy Charlie. 8Ua;< h%
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 WY%LeC!t
I saw him come in and go out. )B@veso{
我见他进来又出去。 ~:."BA
They felt the car moving fast. MT" 2^&R
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 8o~<\eF%
I heard the glass broken just now. /+G&N{)k
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 Sk@~}
He found the doctor of study closed to him. @p jah(i`
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。