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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 _s0)Dl6K
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 : 4-pnn
kiyKL:6D| 2．被动形式 Y37qjV
{ N g ut 7< ?Aou T{'oR .g, v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 qUQP.4Z9 5 v 时间状语从句当中的时态： h4~VzCR4x\ `n`HwDo;i ORIX cj] 一般过去时 所有的过去 ^|cax| > 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 Z =*h9,MY 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 R]S !PSoL 一．非谓语动词 7VfPS5 se
一．不定式： *Oh]I|?
qcBamf 一）不定式的常考形式： Nqb m,s
bW^{I,b<F 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. ~ =$d>ZNQ 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. O F?o 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 8;(3fSNC
p$XvVzW#< 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. Xc
G 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. mk3,ke8 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 *Ud P1?Y
fvV5G,lD3h 二）不定式常考的考点： R'B-$:u
x 4`RKv2m 1）不定式做定语----将要发生
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SJ&+"S& 2）不定式做状语----目的 !<5Wi)*
`_p Vwa<@w 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. ;fm>
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<*HsJwr)u 三)不定式的省略 Ez Xi*/
V6^=[s R 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel O
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T $o;PJc + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； A7GWU{i + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 ce1U}">11 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 0@}:`OynX
jlaC: (6 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) 1,pPLc( I saw him working in the garden yesterday. D4U<Rn6N_5 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） &bCk`]j: v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 7m ;<b$ 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to 8:"s3xaO3
uP2Wy3`V I ‘d like to have John do it. Ihx[ S!:
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I have my package weighed. H:,Hr_;nC
W$Z8AZ{E Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. ~.J{yrJ&
z v:o$2Z 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do y6 gaoj
;^ YpQP 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： ffem7eQ
J''lOj(@ want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do 9mB] \{^ force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do B8?j"AF be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do MQl GEJ (iY2d_FQ[ 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 :VlMszy}B3
=wFl(Q6J accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. /=:F w}vt 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 k~=P0";
FOS*X He needs (a lot of) encouraging.
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'2m"ocaf 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 mN 'sJ1L-
8n/[oDc ] 1)是名词 seeing is believing 5$/Me=g< 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. %Wt F\p 一)动名词的形式: 7E R!>l+
P7;q^jlB 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. -
*xn`DH 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. xhncQhf\ 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. 4YCuO% 二) 动名词常考的点
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phy:G}F6% 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 9oVprd >%@
KZ| p_{0& 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 ? n
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+3?.Vb%jY 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. *.+N?%sAP)
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I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． G vc/o$_ A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） #6n uiSF I regret not having taken your advice. _sF
Ad` 4)有些词后只能接动名词 4JGU`L:~
!GtCO r\' admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... {\ogw
0X 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： P(i
E"KH; it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... &;$- &; 1|5TuljTd +}NQ |y V 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 +aRHM
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( 2r808^2 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 .$ 5*v
l"9$lF} I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) els71t -
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Be&of+ I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) 2yA+zJ
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H;RgYu2J forgot与remember的用法类似。 h
($Jo I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… N~9zQ
/UiB1-*b I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 tMr$N[@r try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. .
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;`FR1KIg try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. D ?r
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?} I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 zWf(zxGAz To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 XC\ '8hL: prefer的用法： k:CSH{ s5{ 我宁愿在这里等。 'jBtBFzP- I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） ~D! Y]
SK I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） GlaZZ,
I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） ~)]n67Or~ +! <{ 80w
UQCon d+K 3 分词： ^%Fn| U\u
kud2 O>>
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 cb9@
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现在分词的形式: 6G>bZ+
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) w m/>_
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) Vvk \ $'
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) e}q!m(K]e-
过去分词 UJGma E
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. W^dRA xVX
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) ]=m0@JTbG
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 {m 5R=22^
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