级别: 初级博友
 
UID: 89031
精华:
0
发帖: 4
流量: 3 M
威望: 14 分
介绍博友: 0 个
人民币: 0 元
好评度: 0 点
注册时间: 2011-03-04
最后登录: 2011-03-05
|
 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 ~$ WQ"~z
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 5oa]dco
b
l9E&B/ 2．被动形式 Cf.WO %?P
3" 8t)s Vb"T],N1m I{Y
{ v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 Q*oA{eZY
v 时间状语从句当中的时态： DT1i2! ;8
/+wBnm `i_L?C7 一般过去时 所有的过去 d[qE P6B 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 JXD?a.vy^q 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 LmT[N
@>" 一．非谓语动词 u:qD*zO
q
一．不定式： {R 6Zwjs
\M1M2(@pDJ 一）不定式的常考形式： d~xU?)n)
$
M[}(m 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. IJb1)
ZuR 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. m}'t'l4 c 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 p.W*j^';Q
6{,K7 FL 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. "gl:4| i ' 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. W;)F NP|MT 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 %N AFU /&
O+UV\ 二）不定式常考的考点： ^: r
Noo
gP hw.e"" 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 P.H/H04+
ba)Yb P[ 2）不定式做状语----目的 N@du.d:
Dy!bj 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. "!_
4%z-
la"A$Tbu~ 三)不定式的省略 aSj1P/A
gp&&
c, 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel >7Sl(
UY-
+K?N:w + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； P@S;>t{TD + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I3rnCd( I saw him work in the garden yesterday. UE$[;Zg
j'Q-*- 3 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) Y"
+1,?yH I saw him working in the garden yesterday. E["t Ccg 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） Y 1ilH-8 v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. V1b_z 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to E `j5y(44
gwB> oi*OE I ‘d like to have John do it. }GNH)-AG)$
7'/2 :" I have my package weighed. 8sjHQ)<
IEr`6|X Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. LY cSMu J
W]Y!ZfGnN 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do |iJZC
\ui~n:aWJ 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： V5@[7ncVf
:-@P3F[0 want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do e`2 R{H force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do c&?H8G)x be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do w[vIPlSdS ./*,
Thc 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 [)6E) E`_e
x<7` 109] accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. *_rGBW 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 5*
za]
$"n)C He needs (a lot of) encouraging. sW 3D
(
n 5)NfZN# &
92_H!m/ 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 'n.9qxY;
yf^gU* 1)是名词 seeing is believing J` --O(8Ml 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. PCnJ2 一)动名词的形式: ?G<I N)
qc"/T16M] 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. O Wfj<#}t+ 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. oDI*\S> 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. buyz>IC P 二) 动名词常考的点 (uz!:dkvx
gy`qEY~B& 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 ; | ,Y2?
'E 8Qi'g 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 S $/3K q
ToM *tXj 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. [kkcV5I-
L KR,CPz I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． /! G0 g%k A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） >G7U7R}R I regret not having taken your advice. o-Arfc3Q 4)有些词后只能接动名词 . Dxr c
=R` 2 m admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... $>m<+nai' 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： >(a_9l;q it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... XL9lB#v^ &>t1 A5 e|y~q0Q $ 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 M/;g|J
jM
j
pV remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 wyM3|%RZ
z8MYgn 7 I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) =p$ Wo
0[Aa2H* I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) A'2:(m@{T
TUr}p aw_ forgot与remember的用法类似。 VvKH]>* I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… 1]~} 0;,
eD0@n
: I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 d x}!]_mlZ try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. R \?!r4
)=@ XF0 try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. .EQFHStr
'U
d5;?{ I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 y5}|Y{5 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 !5-[k G& prefer的用法： 2BY:qz%: 我宁愿在这里等。 i`;I"o Y4 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） &$[ {L
)D I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） uP
Pe"$ I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） N8TO"`wdbs r{_'2Z_i
I\_ R &
v 3 分词： [A47O R
Jo ^ o`9
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 )NK 2uD
现在分词的形式: t/CNxfY
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) |j<'[gB\p
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) ~A)$= "
\?Z d UY
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) Velmq'n
过去分词 =@'"\
"Nh
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. T7v8}_
"-
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) x9= lN^/4
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 m`| Z1CT
|
