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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 o56kp3b)b
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 Ttv'k*$cP
bulboyA&# 2．被动形式 ]}2Zt r)zZ
\9/1L ?@ b UvK pP\h6b+B v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 ~B_ D@gV| v 时间状语从句当中的时态： ;[Tyt[
d etL jlE wj%wp[KA$ 一般过去时 所有的过去 ;|30QUYh 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 (~#G'Hd 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 K0<yvew 一．非谓语动词 t!jwY /T
一．不定式： o!Fl ]3F
@HEPc95 一）不定式的常考形式：
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dS$ji#+d$ 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 3; y_mg 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. sqG`" O4W 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 Wk[)+\WQ?
-N z}DW> 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. ) `I=oB 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. q6&67u0 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 QUp?i
DV,DB\P$ 二）不定式常考的考点： `M rBav
xjrlc9 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 o)! m$Q~v
*w 21U! 2）不定式做状语----目的 5_aw. s >
`, Zb2" 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. hVZo"XUb
~04[KG 三)不定式的省略 yFO)<GLk
G>0)I 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel p1^0{ILx
\n(R Of^' + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； H:Lt$ + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 :<UtHf<=k I saw him work in the garden yesterday. * gHCy4u{
4 cB &Hk 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) 0BDo BR I saw him working in the garden yesterday. j"6:A 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） [Q:f-<nH v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. ?\M)WDO 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to ^Po,(iIn
e?1KbJ?. I ‘d like to have John do it. d q2@6xd
19&)Yd1 I have my package weighed. LU G9 #.
,P~QS Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. ETg{yBsp
g41<8^( 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do I3An57YV].
!^-OfqIHfV 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： ( mt*y]p?
:i}@Br+R7L want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do py.!%vIOQ force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do wE8]'o be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do N:7.
:Yw $-e=tWkg v 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 Z) t{JHm:
&AJUY()8 accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. r\B"?oqC 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 }\ EL;sT
# 'wL\3 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. CxkMhd8qz \UhGGg%
OFp#<o,p 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 - G FwFkWm
qA04Vc[2 1)是名词 seeing is believing Y1|^>C#a 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. +hZ] B<$ 一)动名词的形式: YN$`y1V
yX`J7O{= 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. L-j/R1fTvl 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. 9Il'E6
J 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. Kjv2J;Xuh 二) 动名词常考的点 4_WH
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?l(nM+[kSL 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 =%xIjxYl
"--/v. Cs 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 $x/J+9Ww
z I(xSX@ 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. IcRM4Ib))Q
r}Ltv?4 I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． ShsJ_/C2 A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） uQO(?nCi I regret not having taken your advice. ux%&lff 4)有些词后只能接动名词 Fka1]|j9
g9M')8a n admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... \dC.%# 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： 6Wf*>G
*h it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... F |DR y?[5jL|Ue 9Ilfv 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 >fW+AEt\JB
f+Pg1Q0zI remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 "bv,I-\
:(5]Z^ I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) 3L'en
;D%$Eh&oma I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) >1#DPU(g
v!WU |=u forgot与remember的用法类似。 vo:52tCk}m I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… s :-8 Z\,
K,`).YK I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 Y &ct+w]% try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. 6i*ArGA
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try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. U89]?^|bb
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k Sm I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 'sT }DX(7M To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 PCV
58n3 prefer的用法： N"q+U CRC 我宁愿在这里等。
.ruz l(6 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） orcZ yYU I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） DK#65H' I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） `? 9] ' V7K tbL#
!Vp,YN+yN 3 分词： iOX4Kl
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 eMpEFY
现在分词的形式: vV:M S O'r
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) u~naVX\3b
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) E,Z B;
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) IgHs&=
过去分词 pjmGz
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1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. C>k;Mvq O
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) |)!k @?_
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 =Nv= Q mO
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