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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 "IA :,j.#g
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 OBEHUJ5
G ]k+0&X 2．被动形式 L ',7@W
`(&GLv[i^2 eGi|S'L' iuHs.k<z v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 4S*7*ak{ v 时间状语从句当中的时态： 2/RW( U Z8q *XpUH 1SY3 一般过去时 所有的过去 aT}?-CU
xx 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 8Lh[>|~= 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 *>J45U(6: 一．非谓语动词 g0 Jy:`M
一．不定式： @+(a{%~7y
GL'zNQP- 一）不定式的常考形式： *}Nh7 >d(
\!!1 o+#1j 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. u\P)x~-TM 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. V(<(k,8=
语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 #u$ Z/,
D0 @d }N 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. ky0,#ZOF 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. O`FuXB(t 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 brClYpp,h
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sZu1K 二）不定式常考的考点： XaR(~2
q .69< Rs 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 `)_11yw Z
P<s:dH" 2）不定式做状语----目的 +d/^0^(D\5
;P2(C >| 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. uc-Go
6W
a#i%7mfn 三)不定式的省略 ybgAy J{J<
9Qh k~^ngg 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel |,OTGZgc
|4u?Q+k%% + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； "f3KE=cUm + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 h2#S ? I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 32ae? d
{;j@-=pV 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) 7{:g|dX I saw him working in the garden yesterday. b=j]tb, 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） {glRX R v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. W_z?t ; 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to HOY9{>E}z
uS
i/| I ‘d like to have John do it. l\Or.I7n
$>mTPNF I have my package weighed. FI|@=l; _
a,U@ !}K Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. ,0R2k `m!
C6 `<SW 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do C5jR||
k$7@@?< 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： Ck0R%|
Nl^{w'X0h want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do 6:Nz=sw8 force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do Gv,0{DVX< be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do ]d@@E_s] {m/\AG)1
I 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 n_n0Q}du
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myg] accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. t;@VsQ8 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 !m#cn eV
'`Smg3T!~S He needs (a lot of) encouraging. Lw
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t/bDD V" 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 nr>g0_%m
q)ygSOtj 1)是名词 seeing is believing 6?0 ^U 9 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. "9 -duDg 一)动名词的形式: <)zh2UI
- P 5VE0 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. W9?Yz l 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. ZbYwuyHk(3 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. ?r QMOJR 二) 动名词常考的点 bu RXzSR
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r 6d 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 Hi{c[;
XQ<2(}]4 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 &j/ WjZPF
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EqBN 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. +7o3TA]-
+V&b<y;?> I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． Xt /T0.I A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） @3[Z Q F I regret not having taken your advice. uj&^W[s 4)有些词后只能接动名词 ]}F_nc2L
KEsMes(* admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... s_ K:h 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： Iq_cs
' it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... PP&AF?C 1b d(JL Gy
'l; 2 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 Hbx=vLQ 6
~tDV{ml remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 rO 6oVz#x
L]k Sj$ A I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) vhZpYW8
_i:yI-jA I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) ;-@^G
3C:
&iL"= \# forgot与remember的用法类似。 <"AP&J'H I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… A%oHx|PD
Am!$\T%2 I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 .'p_j(uv try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. ~DhYiOSo
lE AN N u try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. WWc{]R^D
RXb+"/ I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 ]k]P (w To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 5)2lZ(5.A# prefer的用法： -2w\8]u 我宁愿在这里等。 F.?^ko9d I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）
/'u-Fr(Q+ I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） B~V^?." I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） 7 \rz* !GURn1vcAe
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#P2Qd 3 分词： ^hq`dr|R=
4W*52*'F,
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 fl!8 \4
现在分词的形式: s|dcO
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) T'
% TMA
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) c-z
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e]'ui<`
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) kKr7c4q
过去分词 ^J< I
Ia4
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. JZNRM xu
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) *R m>bLI
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 xqs{d&W
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