过去分词与形容词的语义差： *Sd}cD CO%
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things T ^ z
the destructive power of modern weapons Q7
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Damaged: being in a bad state 5|nT5oS
emotionally damaged children 71S~*"O0f
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements /nPNHO>U
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. y cT@ D/
Respectful: feeling or showing respect g1!e k
They listened in respectful silence. teQ <v[W.
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. "Y C5viX
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. Jw+k=>
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. `@ _j Do
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. (WCczXm )
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. vtByC u5
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. _?}[7K! ~d
Lovable: a sweet lovable child BN_I #8r
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. qUS y0SQ/l
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.
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Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds ! %~P[;.
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. pdw;SIoC
虚拟语气 6_=t~9sY
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 ["u:_2!4P
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 VYo2m
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 6f'THU$
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) dzbFUDJ
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) s7Z+--I)L
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 Pb] EpyAW
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 :Z R5<Y>
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) K ; e R)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) w(N$$
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 gebDNl\Y2
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. xf7_ |l
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 }8LTYn
(1)不定式作表语 E4cPCQyeH
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 mHB0 eB'l
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 @ Rw]boC
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 \c\z 6;j
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 Zsto8wuf#
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 "nA~/t=
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 &~&oB;uR
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 [r0`D^
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His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 hRI?>an
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. nr?| !gj
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． vUR@P
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(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 x>Gx yVE
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 <i ";5+
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 *3A)s
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(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 hkDew0k
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. D16w!Mnz{K
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． r:U/a=V
(3)分词作表语 -+z 8bZ
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： X<<FS%:+
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 0]Qk *u<
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 V|vXxWm/
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 ho%G
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 (2(y9r*1
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 /wPW2<|"X.
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 !7n`-#)
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 G<>h>c1>z
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 #]*]qdQWV^
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 {.r
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worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 ay,"MJ2
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 #b@ sV$
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 PM3fJhx
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 Ge ?Q)N
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 !,O Y{='
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 z,g\7F[
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： 9dFo_a
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(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 FVWHiwRU,
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 N6BEl55 &
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 )W>9{*4 m
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 ;{1 ws
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 kZ'wXtBYe
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 Ki dbc Z
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 a)'
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cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ->'xjD
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 %& !B2z }
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 ]RxWypA`
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 H^XTzE
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 N~%~Q
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 g^
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bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 ~H
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care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 W#foVAi .
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 2XrYm"6w
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 c@ lH
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 u-=VrHff^*
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 +TN*6V{D
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 #zg"E<
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 yGC3B00Z
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 F6Q nz8|
