过去分词与形容词的语义差： a; Ihv#q
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things Aa5IccR
the destructive power of modern weapons IkSzjXE{
Damaged: being in a bad state <!\J([NM8
emotionally damaged children |5}{4k~9J
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements 0;Y_@UVj
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. 1rV?^5
Respectful: feeling or showing respect !U$ % Jz
They listened in respectful silence. |52VHW8 c
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. 39 JLi~j,
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. c@{,& ,vsj
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. ,\5]n&T;r
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. EIl _QV6
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. :L9\`&}FS
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. {M]m cRB(
Lovable: a sweet lovable child `xkJ.,#I o
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. f #414ja
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. p /WEQ2
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds 9dw02bY`
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. .N] ^g#
虚拟语气 KoQvC=+ WI
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 SZ c6=^$
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 )zt*am;
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 2o/}GIKj
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) Vm&fw".J
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 0;e>kz3o
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 Y&k'4 Y%
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 wmY6&^ ?uS
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) %
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Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) $|z8WCJ
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 ~v9\4O
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. oHu0] XA
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 blaxUP:
(1)不定式作表语 L< QqQ"`
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 5nqj
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 ux VXnQQ
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 hig^o vF
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 6}Y^X
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 Z\i@Qa +r
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 H*yX
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3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 HnioB=fc
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 fVo)# Bj
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. sxnj`z
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． &OGY?[n
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 ^"l>;.w
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 $>5|TG
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His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 J9I!d.U
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 ;2)@N H
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. C#>c(-p>RC
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． tQz-tQ g
(3)分词作表语 WK /Byd.Z
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： #\@*C=
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 '(&.[Pk:"
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 "J%u
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delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 ^#lPXC Bg
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 Gv F~h0wMt
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 Mh[;E'C6
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 >=6tfLQ
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 5RI" g f
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 5R/k -h^`
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 gI'4g ZH
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
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Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 j5G8IP_Wx
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 a%7%N N*i
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 dilRL,
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 +P6q
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3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 P<
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英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：
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(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 a 5:YP
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 "qIO
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attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 Q (T)s
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 b Zn:q[7
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 i~M CY.F
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 JC_Y#kN@z
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 zVd2kuI&?
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装
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ask问 dread害怕 need需要 cX>
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agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 bT|a]b:
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 w byY? tH
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 8&IsZPq%l
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 #Ne<=ayS
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 N)RyRR.x1.
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 \
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decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 1j`-lD
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 \ ExM.T
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 9gZMfP
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 /!=uM .
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 m$ ) yd~
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 jr|(K *;
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 .0:BgM
