过去分词与形容词的语义差： SK2pO ZN
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things PSvRO% &
the destructive power of modern weapons 32 J
Damaged: being in a bad state v0
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emotionally damaged children s @9#hjv2
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements RR9s%>^
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. '/@VG_ 9L]
Respectful: feeling or showing respect yw^,
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They listened in respectful silence. Cr"hu;
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. R``qQ;cc
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. X13bi}O 6#
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. gNBI?xs`p
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. @ZWKs
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. =!2
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. _TiF}b!hi
Lovable: a sweet lovable child VzNH%
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. qz):YHxT]n
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. GH!#"Sl8Z
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds (["u
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Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. / ffWmb_4
虚拟语气 O\z%6:'M
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 {w(N9Va,(
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 W*#/@/5
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 G{9y` ;
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) e 78 }
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) Ea 1>]V
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 -u(#V#}OV?
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 bT |FJ\aC
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) USY^
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Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) Smo'& x
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 "@_f>3z
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. od>.5{o
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 z'o+3 zq^
(1)不定式作表语 6\L,L &
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 7Udr~ 0_)
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 ">7 bnOJ
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 6/ ) A6Tt
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 C\Rd] P8\
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 X |: O`b$G
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 YZd4% zF
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 YR>x h2< 9
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 <cS1}"
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. lnhZ!_
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． 2zAS
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(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 _[V
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Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 sSxra!tv4
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 v "07H
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 q QQ~ [ JL
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. = 619+[fK
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． %q@@0qenv
(3)分词作表语 2X:n75()
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： gs'( px
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 2Ig.hnHj
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 z;LntQZp-
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 &WIPz\
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 N?aU<-Tn
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 3OT
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pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 6<2 7}S
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 0 I,-1o|s
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 d)LifsD)
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 \
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worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 v6FYlKU@ 8
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 @?z*:
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The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 h4]yIM `8d
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 N( Cfv 3{
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 tjGQ0-Lo
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 y5>H>NS
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： t>^An:xT
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 8[eH8m#~$
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 l = #uy
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 ~qRP.bV%f
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 J?V8uEly
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 Rc @p!Xi
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 4]B(2FR [8
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 zUW u5JI
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 /K1YDq <=
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 Z{|wjZb(
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 f $R ]m2
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 2 g, UdG
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 M,zUg_ @
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 TX$j-TM'
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 uN2Ck
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 =5isT
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 n1X 7T0'
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 ry0P\wY}
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 SRyAW\*LWU
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 It&$R` k
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝
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decide决定 learn学习 vow起 h{#Hw p
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 bejvw?)S.
