过去分词与形容词的语义差： q_JES4ofx
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things >!?u8^C
the destructive power of modern weapons VDBP]LRF
Damaged: being in a bad state D}Z].c@ E
emotionally damaged children n hS=t8H
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements /=i^Bgh4
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. Xrc0RWXB8
Respectful: feeling or showing respect o^biO!4,
They listened in respectful silence. (eFHMRMv~
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. MX]<tR `
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. [{L4~(uU8
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. Od)]FvO
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. wYPJji
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Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. ZF>zzi+@
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. z1*8 5?
Lovable: a sweet lovable child 7jvf:#\LtL
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. kO+Y5z6=
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. MZv In ZS
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds Tm
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Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. ML9ZS
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虚拟语气 D<$, v(-
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 )k&<D*5s
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 nRzD[ 3I
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 * 0^!%Y'/4
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) !uL z%~F
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 40w,: $
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 .y\j .p
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 @G@,)`p4?
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)
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Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) ?); 6]"k:3
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 1Rg tZp%
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 7o_1PwKS6
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 aAhXHsZ|26
(1)不定式作表语 c6.S jV
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 S~X&^JvT
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 <=[,_P6|
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 7Ko<,Kp2b
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 A/ZZ[B-
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 # bc$[%_
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 GrPKJ~{6
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 HI&N&a9C
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 g?&_5)&
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. Jmg<mjq/G
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． <cS"oBh&u0
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 &. ^(, pt
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 }% 2hBl/
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 G8AT]
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(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 eYNu 78u
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. ggn C #$
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． Uao8#<CkvJ
(3)分词作表语 ^#i3JMq
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： 3lr9n BR
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 tV.qdy/]}
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 $mgamWNE8w
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 (d
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disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 >I*)0tE
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 *ay&&S*
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
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puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 #dO8) t
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 ({& \~"
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 U)v){g3w)
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 @~p;.=1]F
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 &<dC3o!
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 <DeC^[-P
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 dMd2a4
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 fI<|]c}P&J
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 E^s<5BC;
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： , B90r7K:
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 ^+ J3E4
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 <ztcCRov
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 Z-U-n/ 6I
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 %>io$ o
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 ob. Br:x
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 ]nIH0k3y
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 ^QG;:.3v
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 9M12|X\]8
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 2/dvCt6 N
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 V|\dnVQ'-%
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 l/i7< q
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 N\{{:<Cp\
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 )lh Pl
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 aam6R /4
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 dy'
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decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 k>.n[`>$6|
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 EP'I
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 x=I|O;"><
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 EEJ OJ<
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 !Y,*Zc$R
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 !;, Dlq-}
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 zgn~UC6&
