英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: =sJ?]U
倍数增加 m,.Y:2?*V
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) !T6R[
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) x#1Fi$.
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) 9`in
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以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. N} EKV
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. w~lH2U'k}
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 l;-Ml{}|0
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 -|>~I#vY
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(二)increase to n times(④) V_7\VKR
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) F};R
increase by n times(⑥) v$ ti=uk$
increase by a factor of n(⑦) o[Iu9.zJpy
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 ImXYI7PL
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Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. 4XkI? l
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. xyL"U*
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 tv#oEM9esl
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. m:@y_:X0
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 4 m:h&^`N
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. `Ba]i) !
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 BT7{]2?&V
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 *EWWN?d
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) QLqtE;;)JK
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式:
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Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. ;;0'BdsL`
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 (W}F\P
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) P6+ B!pY
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. !"^Zr]Qt+\
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 JR!-1tnc
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: Pn,I^Ej .
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) }c/p;<
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 __=53]jGE
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. n`,
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【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) *Fy6-CC1
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 VLXA6+
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倍数减少 b-u@?G|<
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) ]8A*uyi
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) {irc0gI
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 <h -)zI
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.
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氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 M@[W"f
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Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. e,%|sAs[
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 j_<qnBe
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 N@d~gE&^
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) <^YvgQ,m
decrease by n times(15) 7_\
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decrease by a factor of n(16) $Cz2b/O
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 6 byeO&d
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decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 . 1kB8&}
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. )Rn\6
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新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。 \c2x
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Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. |]G%b[
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 CnZ!b_J
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. DO~
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该设备误差概率降低了4/5。 "^&H9