英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: [cpNiw4e
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) XeU<^ [
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) #{,h@g}W
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) <'2u
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以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. @]?R2bI
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. W4vBf^eC
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 ]>8)|]O
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 . r`[
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(二)increase to n times(④) V(..8}LlD
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) {^m5#f 0"
increase by n times(⑥) x'i0KF
increase by a factor of n(⑦) WG%2<Q^
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 v#U pw\!
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Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. @L8;VSI
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. o#}mkE87
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 %?dE{ir
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. 6b#~;
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 jL_5]pzJ
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. G_(ct5:_"!
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 Q>%E`h
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 wY`#$)O0*
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) (9'be\
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: vJThU$s-
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. 7@a\
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据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 ?(Bl~?zD
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) r=\P!`{5
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. vX.]hp5~
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 e^WqJ7j
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: ^'YHJEK
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) 8<c'x]~
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 I4:rie\hjC
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. Gw`/.0
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) i'iO H|s
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 4+I 3+a"
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倍数减少 )@,N7Y1h
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) :mn(0
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A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) )*W=GY*
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 X98#QR#m
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. 0}D-KvjyP
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 }pKv.
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. i)[kubM
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 1]Lhk?4t
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 '9"%@AFxZ
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) @wMQC\Z
decrease by n times(15) OelU
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decrease by a factor of n(16) \Vz,wy%-
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 S7Znz@
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decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 :q(D(mK
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. 'V1!&Q