考博英语语法重点总结 [b5(XIGUN}
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 5L &:_iQZy
独立主格特征 w<d*#$[,*
1. 充当句子的状语。 piu0^vEEH
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 31 ] 7z
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 9U10d&M(
4. With + 名词 ~.Q4c
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（代词） + 分词 (形容词） 6`"ZsO
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. sfC@*Y2XT
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. h>tsis'N9
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). ? -{IsF^
真题剖析 fNEz
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. qP`?M\!O
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because /'+4vXc@
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. k6g| 7^es2
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 7z>+w
虚拟语气 nCB[4
虚拟语气（2） bBFwx @
1. （should）+动词原形 $9m5bQcV
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 \I
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 5@.z z"o.`
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 2?H@$-x>
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 G,/Gq+WX
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 q "p#H 8
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) K*[0dza$
真题剖析 C[W5d~@;E
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … \y,; Cfl<
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t |N6mTB2
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. EUXV/QV{
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded 4Q/r[x/&C
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ?P YNE
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take &8juS ,b
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. lWIv(%/@
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) tc5M$b3^2
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should KdS
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非谓语动词 IS .g);Gj
动名词、分词、不定式。 @],Z 2
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) -wBnwn-
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) O&F< oM
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 \8
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真题剖析 d!w1t=2H
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. {kT#o3,>w6
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops Z<w,UvJa
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 'o7R/`4KR
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative 'et(:}i
主谓一致 R
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 (}VuiNY< 3
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 7^`RP e^a+
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. YmdsI+DbIu
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 m>g}IX&K'
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. oB hL}r
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 GZ; Z
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 R:SIs\%o
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ")fOup@ ^a
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 g-4gI\
Everyone knows that you’ve come here.
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) qb#V)
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） lr)G:I# |
He no less than John is interested in literature. (or =f`
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) WBIQ%XB '
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ][s*~VK;
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 (!^N~ =e ;
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. \JF57t}Zk
真题剖析 Lh8# I&x
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. s?1-$|*
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some %D%e :se
倒装 PW(_yB;
全部倒装 EbHUGCMO
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” _rWTw+
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There stand big buildings in this district. T%z!+/=&^
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ?dA T MmT-
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) /i7>&ND.r
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. g[uE@Gaj&
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ?CL
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. `UzCq06rJ1
4. 表语位于句首 HzFt
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. j$JV(fz
Not far from here is a famous university. }J4BxBuV8
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 k_.j %
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ~h~r]tV*+
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. `rRg(fCN!M
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） f(
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. ;9- 4 J
部分倒装 ir1RA mt%
1. 疑问句 eQ4B5B%j/x
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） d,E/
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. aNh1e^j
3. “only+状语”位于句首 +O %a:d %
Only when he comes back can be leave. y
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4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 )l/C_WEK
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. v6,
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) fjzr8vU}C
By no means should you break the rules. 4<!}4
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Kk"B501
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 +HVG5 l
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 'e8d["N
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 1QdB`8in
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
