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智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第22 页 8[bkHf
I
北京师范大学2007 年博士生入学考试英语试题 R^MiP|?ZH
I. Listening Comprehension (15 points) b!$ }ma;B
Section A X6RQqen3:
Directions: There are five statements in this section. Each statement will be spoken 2GWDEgI1o
only' once. When you hear a statement, read the four choices given and choose the 8
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one which is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard by marking the |@j_2Q,
corresponding letter A, B, C, or D on the ANSVER SHEET with a single line through V/"}ku
the center. Ulqh@CE)
1. $T }Tz7(
A. He is in a drug store. hPdx(E)8!d
B. He is at a department store. vz`@x45K
C. He is at home. :WXf.+IA
D. He is at his doctor's office. L>Jd7;=
2. en9en=n|
A. I missed in3' train because you stopped me. ^[->
)
B. You made me forget what I was saving X;fy\HaU
C. You looked so deep in thought that I didn't want to bother you. +nZRi3yu=
D. You told me never to interrupt you. Ff"gadRXd
3. $W!]fcZlB
A Sally drove back and forth to work twice today *,#q'!Hq
B. Sally took long time to do her work. 9 Aivf+
C. Sally took her lunch with her to work. r(uP!n1+
D. Sally usually gets to work in much less time. :%_q[}e
4. Li`hdrO'ii
A. If you audit a course, you don't have to take the tests. 2eok@1
B. You have to take a test if you want to add another course. G%w_CMfH
C. Of course you need to buy some textbooks. ;; LuU<,$
D. It is not necessary to order a textbook. 'M%5v'$y
5. qw:9zYG}qW
A. The speaker's salary is $250. L:U4N*
B. The speaker's salary is $1000. ySruAkw%
C. The speaker's salary is $1100. r7XD&Y
D. The speaker's salary is $ 275. [V< 1_zqt
Section B q]v,
Directions: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of &d
3HB=x
each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation '\4fU%
and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. :Kay$r0+
During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide ec?1c&E
ib50LCm
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第23 页
8xo;E=`
which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with my[,w$YM
a single line through the center. G^"H*a
6. FrR9{YTA.
A. Clean up her room 5`UJouHi
B. Get her report back. ZKsQ2"8{M
C. Not wait for him past noon. JFJIls
D. Not worry about her raincoat. {_ 6t4h}
7. c9|a$^I6
A. It was probably Mr. Brown's phone number that the woman wrote down. zPE#[\O21B
B. it was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown. \6c8z/O7
C. The woman forgot to write down the phone number. xc*!W*04
D. The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number. R8{e&nPE
8. yr{5Rp05=
A. Someone who is in charge of hunting. 5^o3y.J?P
B. A boss of a company. qV?sg
C. A job-seeking advisor. 0i_
D. Someone who is in charge of looking for talents for a company. g(aNyn
9. Z3I L8
A. The woman is not careful at all this time. rN'.&;Y5
B. No matter how careful one can be, it is not enough
j$%yw4dsj
C. The woman is most careful this time. w1.MhA
D. The woman has never been careful. :MdEr//w
10. 2Z-,c;21
A. Ton: stayed in a room on the second floor for an hour. t0I>5#*WU
B. Nobody but the woman noticed that Tom was absent. M@5KoMsB9
C. Tom was absent when the discussion was held. "~ 9DY|Sa]#=
D. Tom stayed in Room 302 for an hour. U"/yB8!W
Section C 1riBvBT
Directions: In this section, you will hear an interview. Look at the five statements <XY;fhnB
for this part on your test paper and decide if you think each statement is true or K]%N-F>r
false while you are listening to the interview. If you think the answer is true, mark $]Rl__;
A, if you think the answer is false, mark B on the e\NS\VER SHEET with a single line *EX$v
4BX
through the center. ;7wwY$PBH
11. Xiang zhen has lived in the United States since she was ten years old. %f>X-*}NI-
12. In Korea, the American gesture for "come" is used :o call dogs. ^#}dPGm
13. When talking to an older person or someone with a higher social position. zZ<ns+h
Koreans traditionally look at the person's feet. (0X,Qwx
V^9$t/c&
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第24 页 uT'
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14. Between males and females, direct eye contact is a sign of attraction, :QxL 9&"
15. After many years in the United States. Xiangzhen's body language is still 0>I]=M]@
completely Korean. j{-mQTSD
" ' FLi(#9
II. Reading Comprehension (30 points) ',L{CQA?c
Directions: Read the following passages carefully end then select the best answer
7=$+k]U8
from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D by marking the corresponding letter on bnAT,v{
the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. i# CaKS
1 =#
k<Kw#
Since the first brain scanner was constructed several years ago, computed 1}i&HIr!b
tomography or computed medical imagery, has become fairly widely used. Its rapid =) mXCA^
acceptance is due to the fact that it has overcome several of the drawbacks of :;" aUHU'
conventional X-ray technology. DBqg_v
To begin with, conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures cannot show all of z Y$X|=f
the information contained in a three-dimensional object. Things at different depths EX+={U|ua$
aresuper imposed, causing confusion to the viewer. Computed tomography can give 3bT6W,J4T
three-dimensional information. The computer is able to reconstruct pictures of the m1~qaD<DZ$
body's interior by measuring the varying intensities of X-ray beams passing through A^}i^
sections of the body from hundreds of different angles. Such pictures are based on 3K=q)|
series of thin "'slices". zbF:
R[)
In addition, conventional X-ray generally differentiates only between bone and aF;]7i@
air, as in the chest and lungs. They cannot distinguish soft tissues or variations Pg!;o=
{M
in tissues. The liver and pancreas are not discernible at all, and certain other organs x>1iIpBv^
max only be rendered visible through the use of radio paque dye. Since computed M<SbVP|V"
tomography is much more sensitive, the soft tissues of the kidneys or the liver can )OW(T^>_'I
be seen and clearly differentiated. This technique can also accurately measure aTL8l.c2
different degrees of X-ray absorption, facilitating the study of the nature of" Dz"u8 f
tissue. 0)6i~Mg lY
A third problem with conventional X-ray methods is their inability Io measure yr/]x
c$
quantitatively the separate densities of the individual substances through which the a>&;K@
X-ray has passed. Only the mean absorption of all the tissues is recorded. This is []2$rJZD9
not a problem with computed tomography. It can accurately locate a tumor and jkQt'!
subsequently monitor the progress of radiation treatment, so that in addition to its F#!@}K8
diagnostic capabilities, it can play a significant role in therapy. ]O
mb :
16. Conventional X-rays mainly show the difference between Tc'{i#%9j
A. bone and air B. liver and pancreas QoT3;<r}
C. muscle and other body tissues D. heart and lungs /el["l
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第25 页 KG4#BY&^
17. What kind of view is made possible by contiguous cross sections of the body? z^ a6%N
A. Two-dimensional. B. Three-dimensional. BST7y4R)BS
C. Animated. D. Intensified. ~7,2N.vO2
18. It can be inferred form the passage that. compared to conventional X-ray #2lvfR|
techniques, computed tomography is more wEHAkc)Q
A. compact B. rapid C\a:eSgaC
C. economical D. informative N?2#YTjR
19. what is the author's attitude toward this new technique? @F3-Ugm
A. Cautious. B. Tolerant. SILvqm
C. Enthusiastic. D. Critical. ;}>g1&q
20. According to the passage, computed tomography can be used for all of the {xBjEhQm
following EXCEPT \yX !P1
A. monitoring a patient's disease B. diagnosing disorders e>vUkP y
C. locating tumors D. reconstructing damaged tissues e??
{&[
Passage 2 G2yUuyAZ
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing ,@'){V
as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably, linked for centuries. ?CT^Zegmr
This notion is apparent in the origin of our word "pharmacy," which comes Hdq/E>u
from the Greek pharmakon, meaning "purification through purging." {Y*]Qc
By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates valley had 1$!RKqT
developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They (15Yw9Mv
used gargles inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first ?k:])^G5
drug catalog, or p harmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown M9 2~iM
Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay' tablet are @Y&9S)xcE
the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today. /o1)ZC$
The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest. The Ebers Papyrus. !^w\$cw&
a scroll d a t i n g f r o m 1 9 0 0 B . C . a n d n a m e d a f t e r t h e G e rman Egyptologist MMA@J
George Ebers. reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early 6:EH5IO
Egyptian physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and \]`(xxt1
carbonates (known today. As antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain of qn"T?
O
tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl V\M!]Nnxr
alcohol. kz VI
:
The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug ,^IZ[D>u)
preparation. The "'chief of the preparers of drugs" was the equivalent of ;gW|qb+#)j
a head pharmacist, who supervised the "'collectors of drugs." field workers, e>zk3\D!
who gathered essential minerals and herbs. The "'preparers" aides" (technicians) !Ub?eJp
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第26 页 {5tEs
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dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain $9i5<16
formulas by' the "'preparers." WJSHLy<a
And the "conservator of drugs" oversaw the storehouse where local and /qq&'}TZP
imported mineral, herb, and animal-organ ingredients were kept. 'lRHdD}s
By the seventh century B.C.. the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated &|{,4V0%A
mind-body view of medicine. They- believed that a physician must pursue the lPN< rgg
diagnosis and treatment of the physical causes of disease within a scientific h7]]F{r5
framework, as well as cure the supernatural components involved. Thus, the .9fluAG
early, Greek physician emphasized something of a holistic approach to health, "!/_
h >
even if the suspected "mental" causes of disease were not recognized as stress Y6Qb_X:
and depression but interpreted as curses from displeased deities. S w(
H]
The modern era of pharmacology began in the sixteenth century, ushered VaIP
in by' the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how /~rO2]rZ@
chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would pH:|G
eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine. ;)]zv\fC
Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries "would pass wG?kcfu
before superstition was displaced by' scientific fact. One major reason was that ;_\
physicians. unaware of the existence of disease-causing pathogens ..such as Xsn - +e
bacteria and viruses, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils .And' P~ZV:Of
though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in treating l(#Y8
disease was still based largely on trial and error. }qdJ8K
Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest developed in this +}0*_VW
trial-and-error environment. Such is the complexity of disease and human Jc?ssm\%
biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science, many of %1 ^jd\
the latest sophisticate additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental 5a_!&
finds. ~S>ba']
21. The author cites the literal definition of the Greek word pharmakon in the first Xl+a@Ggtq
paragraph in orderto v
4b`19}
A. show that ancient civilization had an advanced form of medical science KdpJ[[Ug/
B. point out that man}' of the beliefs of ancient civilizations are still held today &&S4x
C. illustrate that early man thought recovery from illness was linked to internal KR(ftG'
cleansing Q4:r$
&
D. emphasize the primitive nature of Greek medical science 9S1V!Jp
22. According to the passage, the seventh-century Greeks' view of medicine differed @VS5Mg8
from that of the Sumerians in that the Greeks _NnOmwK7
A. discovered more advanced chemical applications of drugs `gs,JJ6N
B. acknowledged both the mental and physical roots of illness ujqktrhuLb
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第27 页 <d`UifqD
C. established a rigid hierarchy for the preparation of drugs #R~NR8(z
D. attributed disease to psychological, rather than physical, causes T2; 9
23. In Paragraph 5, the word "holistic'" most nearly' means Ol[IC
A. integrated B. religious km^+
mK
C. modern D. physiological SZD2'UaG
24. The passage indicates that advances in medical science during the modern era of ^v5hr>m
pharmacology may have been delayed by, -y*+G&
A. a lack of understanding of he origins of disease s9bP6N!,
B. a shortage of chemical treatments for disease G.e\#_RR?
C. an inaccuracy in pharmaceutical preparation !I/kz }N@
D. an overemphasis on the psychological causes of disease ~At.V+
25. In the final paragraph, the author makes which of the following observations about *~^^A9C8
scientific discovery? o9\m?~g!E
A. Human biochemistry is such a complex science that important discoveries are += ~}PF
uncommon. Hv*O9!cC
B. Many cures for common diseases have yet to be discovered. Bys|i 0tb-
C. Trial and error is the best avenue to scientific discovery. ScKfr
D. Chance events have led to the discovery of many modem drugs. w! 7/;VJ3d
Passage 3 |c/rHEZ
When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists !P3|T\|]+
in any' part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not dD<kNa}2
resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like tile only planet where QLG,r^
life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be miler kinds =oDrN7`,B
of life based on other kinds of chemistry and they may multiply on Venus us or Jupiter. ;gV8f{X{Z
At leas we cannot prove at present that they do not. u;g}N'"
Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in e5KF ~0`
a more advanced stage of ev0Iution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably ':$a6f &T
temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, T9?_ `h
in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. mIodD)?{
But man's societies are already sufficiently.' developed to have enormously more _Y {g5t
power and effectiveness than the individuals have. 3)\qts5
It is no1 likely that this transitional situation wit! continue very tong or the 'WCTjTob/
evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand ,years from now man's societies may have .R5
z>:A
become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. C\D4C]/8
Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism "O
"@HVF@
and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years JN)t'm[kyE
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第28 页 8t!"K_Mkx
further on man and his machines may' have merged as closely as the muscles of the 9k
&$bC+Q
human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion. `^vD4qD|
The explorers~ of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they. m=V2xoMw6
Arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by' no DmsloPB?_
means impossible), they' may find it being inhabited by a single large organism &ii
=$4"R
composed of many closely cooperating units. o9>X"5CmX
The units may be "'secondary,'" machines created millions of years ago by a H1M>60*
previous form of life and given the will and ability' to survive and reproduce. They Rw`s O:eZ
may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials, if this is the case, +
aFjtb
they may be much more tolerant of their environment multiplying under conditions that Y~!@
would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compound and dependent on the LlJvuQ 28
familiar carbon cycle. ?dYDfyFfB
Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when ]\lw^.%
their planet was favorable to the origin of life or they might be immigrants from L6.R?4B
a favored planet j;.&+.
26 What does the word "cheer" (Para. 1, Line 2) imply? 3Y8
V?* 1|
A. Imaginative men are sure of success in finding life on other planets. 9HP--Z=
B. Imaginative men are delighted to find life on other planets. ;21JM2JI8
C. Imaginative men are happy to find a different kind of life existing on other WyETg!b[
planets. F/Xhm91^
D. imaginative mea can be pleased with the idea that there might exist different forms Fz% n!d
of life on other planets. S0 `*
27. Humans on Earth are characterized by 6BnjT
A their existence as free and separate beings +#no$m.bH
B. their capability of living under favorable conditions
B|&<
C. their great power and effectiveness 5{> cfN\q
D. their strong desire for living in a close-knit society rgCId@R
28. According to this passage, some people believe that eventually __ Sy_M!`B
A. human societies will be much more cooperative "`k[4C
B. man will live in a highly organized world {`LV{!
C. machines will take control over man M<nn+vy`
D. living beings will disappear from Earth I(.XK ucU
29. Even most imaginative people have to admit that __ b%BwGS(z
A. human societies are as advanced as those on some other planets 3]i1M%'i
B. planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stay, `W9_LROD
C. it is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of the @."R9s
human body yWuq/J:
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第29 页 RwE]t$T/
D. organisms are more creative than machines ,<BTv;4p
30. It seems that the writer 0czy:d,M%
A. is interested in the imaginary life forms a'Z"Yz^Eo
B. is eager to find a different form of life .jCdJ
=z
C. is certain of the existence of a new life form 7>nA;F
8_
D. is critical of the imaginative people 6=
Passage 4 ]mp.KvB
Education is one of the key, words of our time. A man without an education, many (.c?)_G,
of us believe, is at: unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of W+S>/`N
one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of w*+rB p,f
education, modern states ‘invest', in institutions of learning to get back C}!|K0t?
"interest" in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are *M="k 1P1
potential leaders. Education. with its cycles of instruction so care fully worked U5klVl
out, punctuated by text-books--those purchasable wells of wisdom--what would */1z=
civilization be like without its benefits? m*'#`v Ibb
So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and [\
!S-:
defendants, marriages and birth; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We [L 8gG.wy
would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied G
-;Yua2\
psychology,, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If e1H.2n{y^
our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most yY1&hop
democratic form of "college" imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages M! s&<Bi
all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member ,Zdc
of the tribe sc that in this respect everybody is equally, equipped for life. HJ2]xe09
It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive eq"~b
y[Uq
Forms of modern education try, to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to os>|LPv4
seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no QoqdPk#1
"illiterates"—if the term can be, applied to peoples without a script while our ua0k)4|
own compulsory school attendance became law in necessary in 1642, in France in DzYno-]A]
1806, and in England in, 1976, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" $r dA0%;
nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure thin UZ<!(g.
all on knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. 4Q$\hO3b
Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled H}:apRb
to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers Xdjxt?*
the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the %
$
5hC9
ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savages know 2LgRgY{Bl
of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results 6OVAsmE
in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an %DiZ&}^Ck
education for his child. 39u!j|VH
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第30 页 5H<r I?
31. The best title for this passage is __ A }dl@
A. The Significance of Education ed&,
B. Educational Investment and Its Returns +('jqbV
C. Education: A Comparison of Its Past and Its Present JeiW
z1t
D. Education in the Wilderness ^oA^z1>3
32. The word "interest" in paragraph one means __ ?+51 B-
A. capital profit got back from the investment yaeX-'(Fv[
B. the things young people are interested in 5HmX-+XpK
C. the well-educated and successful young men and women x3)qK6,\
D. the well-educated young people with leadership potential [
h%ci3
33. The author seems 37{mhU
A. against the education in the very early historic times $NqT={!
B. positive about our present educational instruction lB,.TK
C. in favor of the educational practice in primitive cultures "Sl";.
D. quite happy to see an equal start for everyone 2c}>}A 4
34. The passage implies that __ ?(hdV?8)P
A. some families now can hardly afford to send their children to school g,9o'fs`x
B. everyone today' has an equal opportunity in education l 4(-yWC$H
C. every, country invests heavily in education 7j{SCE;
D. we are not very certain whether preachers are necessary or not M,:GMO:?a
35. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? RBiDU}j
A. One without education today has no opportunities. 6EJ,czt(
B. We have not yet decided on our education models. HJM- ;C](
C. Compulsory schooling is legal obligation in several countries now. ]{Iy<
D. Our spiritual outlook is better now than before. Hb IRE
Passage 5 }7k+tJ<
Many, zoos in the United States have undergone radical changes in the i9uJ%nd:
philosophy and design. All possible care is taken to reduce the stress of living in mM1\s>o
captivity. Cages and grounds are landscaped to make gorillas feel immersed in
\,lgv
vegetation, as they would be in a Congo jungle. Zebras gaze across vistas arranged -bduB@#2d
to appear (to zoos visitors, at least) nearly as broad as an African plain. <SbW
QbN
Yet, strolling past animals in zoo after zoo. I have noticed the signs EnZrnoGM
of hobbled energy that has found no release--large cats pacing in a repetitive H/YZwDx,i
pattern, primates rocking for hours in one corner of a cage. These truncated rl[&s\[
movements are known as cage stereotypes, and usually these movements bring [@_}BZk
about no obvious physical or emotional effects in the captive animal. Many animal {088j?[hzk
specialists believe they, are more :J5xO%WA(
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第31 页 _6(QbY'JV`
troubling to the people who watch than to the animals themselves. Such c{7!:hi`x
restlessness is an unpleasant reminder that--despite the careful interior Z@=#ry
decoration and clever optical illusions--zoo animals are prisoners, being kept in 9#xcp/O
elaborate cells. &U*=D8!0
The rationale for breeding endangered animals in zoos is nevertheless V)oUSHillH
compelling. Once a species falls below a certain number, it is beset by sTU`@}}
inbreeding and other processes that nudge it closer and closer to extinction. =i
4 Ds
If the animal also faces the whole-scale rB~x]5TH
destruction of its habitat, its one hope for survival lies in being ;3-5U&Axt
transplanted to some haven of safely, usually a cage. In serving as trusts for rare ECWn/4Aws
fauna. zoos have committed millions of dollars to caring for animals. Many U5[
xW
zoo managers have given great consideration to the psychological health of the
%tT&/F
animals in their care. Yet the more I learned about animals bred in enclosures, Uo#%f+t
the more I wondered how their sensibilities differed from those of animals raised 51u8.%{4
to roam free. `B}(Ln
In the wild, animals exist in a world of which we have little understanding. Y.$'<1
They may communicate with their kind through "language" that are <b~KR8
indecipherable by h u m a n s . A f e w s t u d i e s s u g g e s t t h a t s o m e s p ec i es p erceive R_e{H^pY^
l a n d s c a p e s m u c h differently than people do; for example, they max: be keenly M}k t q)
attuned to movement on the faces of mountains or across the broad span of grassy wO;\,zU
plains. Also, their social &9g4/c-?$
structures may be complex and integral to their well-being. %me scientists C:
@T5m
believe they may even develop cultural traditions that are key to the survival of ,A
T!:&<X
populations. (,#Rj$W
But when an animal is confined, it lives within a vacuum. If it is T0J"Wr>WY
accustomed to covering long distances in its searches for food, it grows lazy or *,A?lX,9A
bored. It can make no decisions for itself; its intelligence and wild skills s-!Bpr16o0
atrophy from lack of use. becomes, in a sense, one of society's charges, F:"<4hiA"
completely dependent on humans for' nourishment and care. NHG+l)y:
How might an animal species be changed--subtly, imperceptibly--by G%_6"s
spending several generations in a per:? I posed that question to the curator of .{%~4$yu7
birds at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, which is a breeding center for the t84(k zcC
endangered California condor. "I always have to chuckle when someone asks me 2iYf)MC
that," the curator replied. [HGGXgN
"Evolution has shaped the behavior of the condor for hundreds of years. If you c+|,qm
think I can change it in a couple of generations, you're giving me a lot of credit." &rj3UF@hb
Recently the condor was reintroduced into the California desert---only a `!rH0]vy
moment after its capture, in evolutionary terms. Perhaps the curator was right; ;gfY_MXnF
perhaps the wild nature of the birds would emerge unscathed, although I was not !{tkv4
convinced. But what of species that will spend decades or centuries in /*\pm!]._^
confinement before they are released? @|! 9~F
36. The primary purpose of the passage is to k$1ya7-@
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第32 页 9t:P1
A. highlight the improvements in the conditions of American zoos 3#o!K
B. examine behavioral traits of animals living in zoos Q|/uL`_ni
C. raise concerns about the confinement of wild animals in zoos h$7rEs
D. suggest alternative ways of protecting endangered species 72@lDY4cE
37. The primary function of the second paragraph is to show that 6) {jHnk)
A. wild animals adapt to their cages by modifying their movements )2t!=
ua
B. confined animals are not being seriously harmed -{H;w=9
C. zoos are designed with the reactions of spectators in mind oo sbf#V
D. people are overly sensitive to seeing animals in captivity ljg2P5
38. In the fourth paragraph, the author's most important point is that animals in Zo`Ku+RL2'
the wild 1d)wE4c=Z
A. perceive landscapes differently than do animals in captivity _hT-5)1r
B. have modes of communicating that are very similar to those of humans .XD7};g
C. are likely to live longer than animals kept in zoos #Ezq}F8Y
D. depend on the care and support of others of their species |Y#KMi ~
39. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the fourth 0?kaXD
paragraph and the fifth paragraph? oL?(
;
`"&
A. The fourth paragraph presents a question that is answered in the fir'& paragraph. ILdRN
B. The fourth paragraph contains an assertion that is evaluated in the fifth py#`
paragraph. Ckd=tvL
C. The fifth paragraph describes a contrast to the situation presented in the fourth g
D&/k
paragraph. X"QIH|qx-
D. The fifth paragraph discusses the second part of the process described in the fourth 1n}q6oa=
paragraph. =2&/Cn4
40. In paragraph 5.’charges" most nearly means __ C? pi8Xg
A. costs B. responsibilities C. demands D. attacks eZDqW)x
Passage 6 p<>xqU
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of ~he print and broadcast e1Kxqw7
journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most gp07I{0~m
of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to. journalist !:
e(-
and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the "how to" aspects or rGb7p`J
journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its biwV7<
context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal dD6I @N)X
experiences and general TMt,\g
Td
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第33 页 Cj~45)r
impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be. learned from TBq;#+1W
the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence 2+KOUd&jS
from which broad generalized principles can be developed. t;BvKH77
There is, as has been suggested, a growling body of research literature in
Cj).
journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted Qd~M;L O"i
to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well -QH[gi{%`
as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have +r Eq
E/QF
been written. Many of these books and articles present, the theoretical and empirical eIVCg-l}
aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this j.C)KwelBS
plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the f.f5f%lO~
journalistic interview, The fact that the general literature on interviewing does .<`W2*1
not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, }7k!>+eQ
it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at -ya0!D
least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form ~50b$];y
of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, ?VM# Nf\
such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the c*nH=
professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary |7IlYy&:
for the diagnosis and _=0;5OrK1X
treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. xl5n(~g)p
However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, Q;O\tl
particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the ; n2|pC^
journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. /a7tg+:
Even so, p'afCX@J
true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews. LS:3Dtq
requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates. dZ!Wj7K)
41. The main idea of the first paragraph is that __ Peha{]U
A. generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for A
YHfe#!
writers on journalism <}pwFl8C)
B. concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to .journalistic s:Us*i=H,
interviewing t+0&B"
C. importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing 7Dy\-9:v
D. personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from 9%\<x
journalistic interviews W>b(hVBE
42. Much research has been done on interviews in general y:!MWZ
A. but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected t1HUp dHY
B. though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn't received much attention R7us9qM4e
C. so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened "Kk3#
D. and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing ~p~8T
智力服务于中国,提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第34 页 8WWRKP1V
43. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview. __ x8p#WB
A. but most of them wish to stay away from it 6w K=
B. and many of them hope to be interviewed some day' GCrh4rxgg
C. but most of them may not have been interviewed in person 9bjjo;A
D. and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it XF2u<sDe
44.Who is the interviewee in a clinic interview? "}DuAs
A. The psychologist. B. The physician. pTZPOv#?Q
C. The journalist. D. The patient. 1?HUXN#,
45. The passage is most likely a part of a
PB %6c=
A. a news article B. a preface TQK>w'L
C. a research report D. a journalistic interview NTiJEzW}
III. Translation and Writing (55 points) }M
f}gCEW
Section A Translation (40%) Translate the following into Chinese: U;Hu:q*
1) Information processing is the acquisition, recording, organization, retrieval ]M{SM`Ya
( 检索 ), display, and dissemination of information. In recent years, the term has fl~k')
s
often been applied to computer-based operations specifically,. During the past few E?&dZR
centuries great advances have been made in the human capability to record, store, sCaw"{5qc
and reproduce information, beginning with the invention of printing from movable type 5d|*E_yu
in 1450, OM]p"Jd
followed by the development of photography and telephony, and culminating in the 133lIX+(k
mass production of electronic digital computers in the latter half of the 20th century. T~ Jl{(s9)
New technologies for preserving and transmitting aural and visual information have F=B>0Q5
further enhanced information processing. Pf)<