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楼主  发表于: 2009-10-18   

医学SCI 论文经典句子

18 e)*mC oR  
Jurkat cells cultured in calcium-free RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco BRL; number Lwp-2`%  
22300-107) containing calcium-free 10% FBS were triggered by anti-Fas IgM. The hN& yc  
treated cells were harvested at the indicated time points and incubated with Fluo-3-AM at r4 9UJE  
a final concentration of 1 micromolar for 30 min at 37°C (Scoltock et al., 2000). The 2IK xh  
labeled cells (50,000 cells per treatment) were then analyzed by exciting the cells at 488 2_Pz^L  
nm and examining the fluorescence emission of Fluo 3 at 530 nm with a FACS Scan, >BJ2v=R A  
(Becton Dickinson). A one micromolar concentration of LPA was used as a positive qnabwF  
control for Ca2+ induction. The data thus obtained was analyzed with the software Win Bh\ [ CY  
MDI 2.8 and represented as contour plots.The effect of chelating intracellular calcium on ]&&I|K_  
translocation of annexin I was studied by culturing Jurkat cells in the presence of 10 P=f<#l"v  
micromolar BAPTA-AM, with or without the addition of anti-Fas IgM. Cells were D_O5k|-V  
harvested and fractionated as detailed above, and the S-100 fractions were assessed by U#8\#jo  
immunoblotting for presence or absence of annexin I. QV`X?m  
Mouse bone marrow transduction and transplantation. <FXQxM5"  
Retrovirus-mediated transduction of mouse bone marrow cells was done by published Sja "(sJ  
methods49. Prestimulated low-density bone marrow cells were infected with high-titer {[l'S  
retrovirus supernatant on fibronectin-coated plates. Retrovirus supernatant was generated g|tNa/  
in the phoenix-gp cells with a mouse stem cell virus–based retroviral vector coexpressing c80 }1  
EGFP and HA–RhoH as described50. EGFP+ sorted cells were transplanted by  <'g0il  
intravenous injection into the sublethally irradiated (300 rads with a 137Cs irradiator) B$K7L'e+-  
Rag2-/- recipient mice. At 9 weeks after transplantation, thymus, peripheral blood, bone Q{%HW4lg  
marrow, spleen and lymph nodes from each recipient mouse were collected for analysis vN{vJlpY  
of EGFP+ chimerism and hematopoietic lineage by flow cytometry. Expression of 3c1 o,2  
HA–RhoH and HA–RhoHF73F83 in EGFP+ sorted thymocytes of recipient mice was vS~AxeW/7R  
confirmed by immunoblot analysis. /AK*aRU^  
Determination of renal morphology ,m #@%fa  
Kidney slices were postfixed in buffered 2% OsO4, dehydrated, and embedded in an (Q}PeKM?jq  
Araldite-EM bed 812 mixture. Large sections were cut perpendicular to the renal capsule, b|X>3(  
containing cortex, and medulla. Thin (1 m) sections were analyzed in a blinded manner X;K8,A7`  
for morphologic alterations, as previously detailed rg#qSrHp  
Patient population |u?k-,uI9  
Patients included in the study met the following criteria: (1) biopsy-proven IMN; (2) [+ %p!T  
creatinine clearance 30 ml per min per 1.73 m2; and (3) persistent proteinuria >5 g per sRkz WMl  
24 h despite treatment with an HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) "2y7&#l   
reductase inhibitor, an ACEi, and/or ARB at maximal tolerated dose for at least 4 months. ANA2S*r  
The Mayo Institutional Review Board and the Research Ethical Board, University Health TzD:bKE&  
Network, University of Toronto approved the study protocol. All patients gave written TE*>a5C|  
informed consent. Patients who had been on treatment with prednisone, cyclosporine, or |R_xY=z?  
19 uAPLT~  
mycophenolic mofetil within the last 4 months or alkylating agents within the last 6 =$:4v`W0(  
months were not included in the study. Patients with active infection, diabetes, or a = y,yQO  
secondary cause of MN (for example, hepatitis B, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), aT`02X   
medications, malignancies) were also excluded. oHP >v_ X  
Treatment 3rXL0&3w%  
At enrollment, a low-sodium (<4 g day-1) and low-protein (0.8 g per kg per day of  d'**wh,  
high-quality protein) diet was recommended and patients were encouraged to maintain W #JVUGYD  
the same diet throughout the duration of the study. All patients received a similar #b]}cwd!  
conservative treatment regimen that included loop diuretics to control edema, an e>)}_b  
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, and an ACEi combined with an ARB if tolerated. 1*x5/b  
-Blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, in that order, were added *aSRKY  
when required to control systolic blood pressures to <135 mm Hg in >75% of the Eo25ir%  
readings. Patients who after a minimum of 4 months of conservative therapy and =8VJ.{xy_e  
maximized Ang II blockade had proteinuria >5 g per 24 h received two i.v. infusions of <O`q3u'l  
rituximab at a dose of 1000 mg on days 1 and 15. To minimize infusion reactions, I5|S8d<  
patients were premedicated with acetaminophen (1000 mg) and diphenhydramine *$WiJ3'(m  
hydrochloride (50 mg) orally. In addition, methylprednisolone (100 mg, i.v.) was given `rOe5Zp$  
prior to the first rituximab infusion. B-cell depletion was defined as CD19+ count R!M|k%(  
<5 cells per l at any time and B-cell recovery was defined as CD19+ cell count SqT"/e]b'  
>15 cells per l. Patients treated with rituximab, who at month 6 had proteinuria >3 g per +wf& L  
24 h and in whom CD19+ B-cell counts had increased to >15 cells per l, received a 4*ty&s=5OJ  
second course of rituximab treatment following the same protocol described above. 5]2!B b6>  
Follow-up ve_4@ J)  
In all patients, clinical and laboratory parameters including complete blood counts, "78cl*sD  
electrolytes, serum albumin, B-cell flow cytometry for CD19+ B cells, serum 1{uDHB  
immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels, and a lipid panel were evaluated at study entry fxf GJNR  
and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Creatinine clearance and protein and creatinine excretion 5kL#V  
in the urine were assessed by performing two consecutive 24-h urine collections at each eJwii  
time point. Data were considered accurate when urinary creatinine excretion was Wf&G9Be?8  
consistent with a complete 24 h collection. The mean of the two measurements was S+\Mt+o  
considered for the analysis. The presence of HACAs was evaluated at baseline and at HN &vk/[  
months 3, 6, 9, and 12. Q*{H]  
Method / Approach / Study/ Technique `&&6-/  
A discussion is presented of a problem-solving system m`4j|5  
To improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be applied. 0%L$TJ.''  
In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of the ?2bE=|  
Although large collections of rules and equations have been complied, none are generally g5TLX &Bd  
accepted 6`PGV+3j  
20 Jut'x A2Dr  
This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of the report. tGy%n[ \  
This can be accomplished by !*QA;*e  
This algorithm to compute the total cost can be described step by step as follows: $EHn ;~w T  
The above preliminary analysis has provided important information J,2v~Dq  
Various methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum... fVe-esAw  
These concepts have been applied to <k8rSx n{  
On the basis of the concept mentioned above, =GS_ G;Dz  
This can be achieved by t"@|;uPAu  
In addition, tissues were stained for infiltrating lymphocytes (CD20 and CD3), and the LSOwa  
amount of interstitial fibrosis was quantified by histomorphometry. Formalin-fixed, <PA$hTYM  
paraffin-embedded sections were cut onto coated glass slides. Following heat-induced C3`.-/{D"  
antigen retrieval, sections were incubated at 20°C overnight with either anti-CD20 !"qEB2r  
primary antibody or anti-CD3 primary antibody, both at 1:1000 dilution (Dako, Canada R=f5:8D<-  
Inc, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada). After rinsing all sections, pretreatment with 3% ^ K@ GK  
hydrogen peroxide was performed to prevent endogenous peroxidase activation. Sections J'&? =|  
were incubated with a secondary rabbit anti-mouse antibody linked with avidin–biotin l~ >rpG  
complex. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin and examined by light SodW5v a  
microscopy. cN(QTbyl6Q  
The HACA assay is a proprietary bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Gl\RAmdc  
performed at Genentech Inc. that measures the antibody response to rituximab in human 2/W0y!qh1  
serum samples. R~ u7;Wv  
In all patients, clinical and laboratory parameters including complete blood counts, !Kn+*'#  
electrolytes, serum albumin, B-cell flow cytometry for CD19+ B cells, serum J!qEj{  
immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels, and a lipid panel were evaluated at study entry lJpv  
and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. %x)U 8  
This fact suggests that a new concept aQ3vG08L>  
This was accomplished by taking ... I(eR3d:  
The preparatory stage is very time consuming process. #k]0[;1os  
Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibility  0>J4O:k  
There is little hope of achieving successful ... )4O`%9=M&  
There has been an increasing awareness of the potential of using most ..so far made have iONql7S @  
not taken this approach, with the exception of ZI*A0_;L  
Only a few studies can be found. $B N+SD!  
It is a very tedious process to go through jWjK-q@Y  
It is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effected F}mwQ%M  
The entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head. z?g4^0e  
These approaches are sometimes very tedious. aj~@r3E ;  
Several techniques can be used aYX'&k `  
A polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows]: B_1u<00kg  
A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx. X'p%$HsMG  
A xx model represents an xx by its xx. 6@36 1f[  
A process decision model captures the logic essential to 9%veUvY  
From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ... ~d8o,.n`1  
21 J@-9{<  
The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula. rx) Q]  
Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ... ]zAg6*-/B  
Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system. ZSf+5{2m  
A number of heuristic rules have been developed for `{;&Qcg6m  
Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so that ZPog)d@!  
An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determine WWs>@lCK  
Euler's formula states the following: 09i[2n;O  
The completed model should agree with the formula. QR8 Q10  
For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object is necessary P_%l}%   
Engineering design models are very well defined; therefore, w N.Jyb  
To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough to be useful. 1z!Lk*C)  
Point of View [# H8Mb+7  
from an implementation standpoint, S}yb~uc,  
From the point of view of this application, AX?6Q4Gq1  
From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CRI for short). g DIB'Y  
Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggregation of data >eI(M $  
in order to allow one to make decisions. A}O9e  
From a practical point of view, the computational aspects of an FLC require a BGOI   
simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm. ;bmd<1  
The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends to distort, destroy, 4(](' [M  
and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AI Implications for CIM ".=EAXVU  
p.129] *8+YR  
Statistical analysis =@ RVLml  
Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance comparing the three conditions s4*,ocyBP  
(sham operation, ischemic AKI, and bilateral nephrectomy) at each time point. If X[}%iEWzT  
significant F-statistic from analysis of variance existed, this test was followed by Dunnett n_Dhq(.  
post hoc multiple comparison procedure with sham operation as the control group. For all $tJJ >"  
other comparisons, Student's t-test was used. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as '-qc \6UY  
statistically significant. 9wzYDKN}  
Values are expressed as means s.e.m. and significance was evaluated by Mann–Whitney /P lsF  
U test using GraphPad Prism, version 4.0 software (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, )i>KgX  
CA, USA). ~b/>TK n+  
All values are expressed as means s.d. Statistical significance (defined as P<0.05) was c{q`uI;O  
evaluated using analysis of variance and Bonferroni t-tests, and the two-tailed Pearson's lw{|~m5`  
test, where appropriate. Uyh#g^r  
Data are expressed as mean s.d., median and interquartile range, or frequencies, as Xh iC'.B_  
appropriate. Variables who deviated from the normal distribution (positively skewed) /zM7G?y  
were log-transformed (log10) before the correlation study. H'.d'OE:I  
Data are represented as means s.e.m. Student's t-test and multiple comparisons with t-test ]Ea6Z  
post hoc analysis of variance were used as indicated below, for the comparison of OWzIea@  
22 Z:{ Z&HQC  
morphological, immunohistological and functional parameters. Statistical significance 195(Kr<5$  
was set at P<0.05. wl4yN C  
The primary efficacy parameter was defined as change in urinary protein excretion from Q2o:wXvj  
baseline (week 0) to 12 months after treatment. The 12-month changes were tested Gu pKM%kM  
against zero using the paired t-test. Secondary end points included 6-month changes in YH9BJ  
protein; the number with PR or CR at 6 or 12 months; and changes in glomerular [F$3mzx  
filtration rate (GFR), serum albumin, and lipid profiles. Study sample size was based on OR O~(%-(e  
the desire to have 80% power to detect a drop in urinary protein of at least 2.0 g day-1. 7pNh|#Uv'  
Assuming a two-sided hypothesis test performed at a significance level of 0.05 and an s.d. >4c 1VEi  
of urinary protein change of 2.5 g, it was determined that 15 patients were required.2 _cB~?c  
Definition of remission status is according to the criteria established by Cattran et al.30 E4Sp^,  
CR was defined as proteinuria <0.3 g per 24 h, PR as proteinuria 3 g per 24 h, and a Fpb1.Iz  
>50% reduction in peak proteinuria and non-response as <50% reduction in peak U"Y$7~  
proteinuria. Any patient reaching a CR or PR was considered a treatment success z{ 8!3>:E  
The statistical significance of differences for the mean values of cytokine concentration c=5$bo]LI  
and T cell proliferation was determined with Student's t-test. Differences with a P value :MpCj<<[  
of less than 0.05 were considered significant. 4d #W[  
Statistical significance was determined by Student's t-test. Data with a P value of less q^s$4q   
than 0.05 were considered significant. A 6d+RAx  
In vitro and in vivo experiments were analyzed by the two-tailed Student's t-test, with P z K&`&("4C  
values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. pd|s7  
The significance of differences among groups was determined by Student's t-test and 1~+w7Ar =(  
one-way analysis of variance (SigmaStat software; Jandel). l"+=z.l6;  
Comparisons B`v V[w?  
As well, the pros and cons of these representations from a process planning point of view w/&#UsEIr  
will be discussed. $I.'7 &h;  
The method of using xx to implement xx described by Zadeh (1973) appeared more 30<^0J.1  
suitable S&a 44i  
As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously], 8WAg{lVs  
Relation _jtBU  
We can not invert F' directly because it defines a many-to-one mapping. z:w 7e0  
The relationships appear very complicate wDsEx!\#  
Lifting tasks involve complex and imprecise relationship between the task variables and Zff zyh  
the human operator's characteristics. /as1  
These methods are based on the relationship between ... and ... 4`i_ 4&TS  
The fundamental concept of a fuzzy rating language is that we can establish a relationship p%}oo#%J  
among terms such as high, medium, and low, and then modify these relationships. Z@1r s#  
This article will thus mention the latter as well as the former.  z=!xN5  
The former two bear a close relation to a fuzzy Cartesian product. Uu G;z5  
Importance NJ|8##Z>  
1e }wDMU(  
23 k}/0B  
The emphasis is on an implementation of a general approach to rule based decision pBHr{/\5  
making. -gzk,ymp  
Consideration / Attention _Ab|<!a/R  
Careful evaluation is necessary to ensure f;QWlh"9  
Such a formulation does not change further considerations. =x=#Etj|  
Considerable attention has been paid to NKRNEq!  
Attention should be paid to an important finding of this investigation. vrH/Z.WD  
Caution should be exercised in this process to avoid ... O<fbO7.-  
Primary consideration is given to ... components, though others can be accommodated PQ1\b-I  
After ... has been defined by ..., a carefully analysis is carried out/performed to determine Zd042 %  
A number of factors such as ...need to be taken into consideration before making the g,\<fY+ 4  
appropriate decision. kYx|`-PA<r  
It should be noted that NKO5c?ds  
It is important to point out that ... ]  OR ]  
These considerations have heightened interest in the possibility of providing ... U)N;=gr\  
We should stress the fundamental importance of the xx zDC-PHF HQ  
Results. U L(#B TK  
Advantages / Disadvantage gJ:Z7b  
One of the major advantages of this new measure of xx is that it can be applied to the Z>'.+OW  
experimental study of evq *&.6\  
One advantage of using a .. is the ease of preparing it. N n+leM  
It has a very fast decision making process Jgb{Tl:r  
All the algorithms involve mostly logical operations. )0YMi!&j`  
It can be easily and without additional cost implemented in a microprocessor;based ji: JLvf]%  
environment. qHklu2_%  
It can reduce the waste of designing from scratch. <Xv]Ih?@f`  
The advantages of using a xx to represent xx are the following: `G,\=c~{A  
However, xx is not without its shortcomings. Busxg?=  
In most cases, the xxx shows an improvement over the existing xxx. ~#N^@a  
Compared to the existing xx, the impacts of the xx are generally reduced by 5% to 9%. Y ~xcJH  
The "best case" results shows a savings of 6% to 9%. "2$C_aE  
Most of the existing works based on xx approach can only recognize a xx . _=}Efy7  
Most of the above methods are computational expansive and limited to xx. 7C F-?M!  
Some other advantages of xx are the following: Syo1Dq6z.  
The problem is the limitation of this method to a limited domain of parts. vA*!82  
It proved limited in application because it demanded precision in system modeling that 9H`Q |7g(5  
was impossible in practice. [YLaR r  
There are advantages to be gained in the structuring of costs and benefits, the use of xx, C5$1K'X@  
The disadvantages of this method are also disadvantages of conventional xx approaches. c\065#f!  
This combines the best features of both techniques `a*[@a#  
24 ez@`&cJ7  
Hopefully, this tool can be as the reference framework of for developing a xx platform, ?Bno?\  
and helping the administration, marketing, and knowledge management activities in W c{<DE?J  
virtual communities. (3C::B=  
Results nn5tOV}QE  
An improvement on the result shown above can be made by based on the data provided <j+D Y@*  
Recent work has identified qH1[Bs Ox  
Time-dependent changes of 40w,:$  
Cyclosporine-induced cell death is triggered by a non-classical phosphoinositide 3-kinase .y\j .p  
and does not require ERK activation. @G@,)`p4?  
Much of the current work on n6Je5fE  
Discussion of these theories is beyond the scope of this review ?);6]"k:3  
Based on the information contained in this 1RgtZp%  
The result can be categorized into nine classes ]%>7OH'  
The results are illustrated by an example 5|z>_f.^pS  
The experimental results for each xx time are reported in Table 2. c6.S jV  
From the results obtained so far, it seem that hd0d gc  
Because of the inaccuracy of the ..., a conclusion cannot be drawn as <=[,_P6|  
Although much effort has been made to., this reality is far from completion. !W4A 9Th  
The results indicate that the total benefits are higher than the total costs. 3M\~#>  
Their results may then serve as guidelines for lower level models, less fuzzy and more .0+=#G>  
detailed. $a.fQ<,\X  
Conclusion #; ~`+[y?\  
From the discussion, one may conclude that ... LS;j]!CU  
The first indication that 8S/SXyS  
In summary, we have shown that ;\-f7!s  
These results suggested that O =m_P}K  
Our findings have shown that J< Ljg<t+  
Our observations have provided IC"lsNq52  
This study reveals following five main findings: mW EaUi)Zz  
To our knowledge, this is the first immunohistochemical report of both PIM and HIFs in 7+]+S` p  
the diabetic kidney. =:fN  
As mentioned above, l7T@<V  
Moreover, we demonstrate that, |; [XZ ZZ  
A number of studies have elaborated a body of knowledge about -ElK=q  
There are findings to indicate that "%zb>`1s  
On a descriptive level, there is agreement that for kz!CxI (  
One issue that became particularly evident from our study is +4 W6{`  
Our data are in agreement with the findings and models presented by previous qQN|\u+co  
publications, in particular those of Jones et al LC>bZ!(i#  
According to our observations, 'v^Zterr  
…was not evident from our data 4 * n4P  
25 JX)%iJq#  
It could therefore be concluded that |7# S0Ca@  
our data illustrate that aw\0\'}  
All these different aspects, as listed above, lead to V|\dnVQ'-%  
In fact, it has already been speculated that (/i?Fd  
It should be furthermore mentioned in this context that N\{{:<Cp\  
To identify and verify the essential factors triggering developmental renin expression, it )lh Pl  
is of interest now to study the development of intrarenal renin expression in mice with < C1Jim  
defined gene mutations, using the results of this study as a reference system. uN;] Fv@Z  
In conclusion, using several approaches, we demonstrated that q?##S'  
But we have not provided formal proof yet that sx^0*h-Qq  
In summary, our results suggest that x{_3/4  
In conclusion, we identify ^yFtL( x,  
A better understanding of such regulatory systems may yield novel therapeutic y_ :~  
approaches to glomerular diseases. 6%A_PP3Z  
Preliminary results of short-term studies (2 weeks) indicate that ^[g7B"`K5  
However, we believe that $8{v_2C){  
However, despite our extensive measurements of these parameters, we found no O<>cuW(l  
relationship between response and initial proteinuria, time to B-cell recovery, the $6DA<v^=z  
development of antibodies to rituximab, B-cell count in the kidney tissue, nor the degree 78UE?) X"  
of tubular interstitial damage present. A clear conclusion for efficacy, however, cannot be [bh8Nj\E  
obtained from an uncontrolled study, and definitive claims of efficacy should be reserved U9t-(`[j?  
for rigorous, prospective, controlled, and randomized trials with the use of rituximab and D!WyT`T  
that will also look for factors that may determine its efficacy in IMN. |r<#>~*  
It has become increasingly clear that B,(zp#&yB  
Form the above discussion, the conclusion can be reached that Ad)::9 K?J  
The conclusions drawn are also valid SCL8.%z D  
In conclusion to this, it becomes obvious that the problem of xx lies not only in... ;_6 CV  
We have attempted to introduce some concepts associated with a theory of iOrpr,@  
Considerable more work, hopefully, will be done in this area i$gH{wn\`  
Employing the compositional rule of inference, the assessment of the xx compatibility in xe@1 1/F  
achieving prescribed xx projectiles in any level of the hierarchy is made possible. [4 y7tjar^  
This paper has presented a theoretical and experimental study of the xx process and xx c`O(||UZT  
concept. Ka/*Z4"  
The experimental research results will hopefully serve as useful feedback information for ?Rd{` 5.D  
improvements for xx work. ',bSJ4)Y  
The scope of this contribution was to introduce a xx method. | IB4-p  
This has a tremendous impact on our understanding of f >$V:e([  
Significant progress has been made in advancing RNAi therapeutics in a remarkably %U?1Gf e  
short period of time DkJ "#8Yl=  
To date, little is known about… /8Ru O  
Irrespective of the mechanisms and the molecules –which are still largely unknown – %CIRN}  
involved in MSC functions, current data suggest that W|CZA  
To better understand %4,v2K  
26 2+=:pc^  
Future Research (常用于conclustion 的结尾) 6-Id{m x  
Thus, first extension of the approach could be, Xj5oHHwn  
Further studies are needed to determine the importance of 6olJ7`*  
Some improvements to the scheduling aspect of the model may be brought through v}sk %f  
additional levels in the hierarchy for more detailed representation of the scheduling SIZZFihcYh  
activity. l4$Iv:  
It also unveiled new aspects of the role played by thyroid hormone in response to injury 0s!';g Q  
and tissue repair. O)$Pvll  
In the near future, the ongoing clinical trials with siRNAs for macular degeneration and sc&u NfJ  
RSV may reveal the exciting potential of RNAi therapeutics as the next major class of %:}o\ _w  
drug molecules. r (KAG"5  
In the next few years it should become clear whether DHQs_8Df  
It should be an exciting time for researchers seeking to harness this powerful endogenous I=2b)"t0  
pathway to treat human disease. IXv9mr?H}  
Acknowledgement /m|U2rrqb  
The authors are grateful to the insightful work provided by Mr. John W. Harney and all 26ae|2?  
of the fellows and students that contributed with some of the studies discussed in this 3IG<Ot9  
article yJ4ZB/ZQ  
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete 4n} a%ocv^  
this thesis. k}] M`ad  
I want to thank the Department of Transport of the former Interim Government of ha?M[Vyw4Q  
Namibia for giving me permission to commence this thesis in the first instance, to do the iAo/Dnp2J  
necessary research work and to use departmental data ] @:x<>  
This work was supported by NIH grants AI058695 and AI056900. We thank members of B \LmE+a>  
the laboratory and our collaborators for many useful suggestions. VWK%6Ye0  
We thank J. Maraganore and B. Greene for critical reading of the manuscript, M. FfNUFx2N  
Duckman for graphics assistance and A. Capobianco for word processing assistance. GH \ Sy  
Author contributions $!$,cK Pl5  
All authors were involved in experimental planning and data analysis and contributed to a}Z+"D  
manuscript preparation. *yv@B!r  
Tables and Figures jG{OLF6 !  
Figure 7-1 sketches these relationships. bTt1yO  
The graphical representation of these functions is shown in Figure 1. Ab6R ?mUM  
The xx may be depicted as in Figure 1. 55FRPNx-x  
Figure x shows the schematic diagram of the l b;P&V  
Figure 1 though 2 provide a ... that yy Y\g  
the architecture of this expert system for .... is illustrated in Figure 2. On|b-  
Figure 2 gives the outline of an ... system c\;_ jg  
Table shows the m}7Nu  
27 A*g-pJ h  
Time-dependent changes of 2 w6iqLr?  
as shown in Table 1 and 2 #{?~XS  
This concept is illustrated in Figure 2 9Dbbk/j|  
At the top of Table xx are shown two blocks of data. q ~^!Ck+#*  
Each table or matrix has constructs xx through xx as row;headings,  VeSQq  
xx through xx as column;headings. N=\weuED  
Time course of calculated renin immunoreactive tissue volumes during development of  md ,KRE  
the mouse kidney. Data are single values per time point. They were derived from the !ewT#afyu(  
kidneys shown in Figure 1. ac\([F-  
Yellow color indicates &%%ix#iF  
PCT3 cells were pretreated with 50 M PD98059 or 10 M U0126 for 30 min and then &isKU 8n  
cells were stimulated with 25 g ml-1 CsA for 6 h. ERK and PKB activation were SgYMPBh  
analyzed by western blot using phospho-specific antibodies. 9VanR ::XX  
ERK and PKB activation were measured by western blot using phospho-specific 3I(;c ,S  
antibodies `2hg?(ul  
The data are the means of three different experiments taking the number of untreated cells 0?}n(f!S  
(vehicle alone) as 100%. KK6n"&TVa  
ERK and PKB activation were then analyzed by western blot with the corresponding p!5'#\^f  
phospho-specific antibodies. To ensure equal amount of protein in each lane, western LM+d3|gSV  
blots against total protein were performed for ERK and PKB. xK_oV+  
The means of optical density (OD) values of the bands detected in western blots of three !JyY&D~`  
different experiments are plotted, taking the maximal value of phosphorylation of ERK -i1 f ]Bd  
and PKB as 100%. #y[U2s Se  
CT3 cells were treated with 25 g ml-1 CsA or vehicle alone for 24 h and then fixed with v+I-*,R  
paraformaldehyde and stained with Hoescht as indicated in Materials and Methods. Then [F'|KcE3  
cells were visualized by phase-contrast microscopy (upper panel) and fluorescence tU5uL.( O  
microscopy (lower panel). mBE&>}G<  
The data are the means of three experiments performed on different days taking the *yaS^k\  
number of cells at the onset of the experiment as 100%. (0 B?OkQ  
Rats were killed at 4 h and at days 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 14, 21, and 28 after disease induction </WeB3#6  
(n=9 each). t&:L?K)j  
*P<0.05 versus non-nephritic rats. fCwE1r*^  
The expression of the CCN3 protein was detected by western blot analysis (n=4 each, PC, Xl$, f`f~  
positive control, M, molecular weight markers). }f]Y^>-Ux  
Original magnifications: 200 in A, E, G, H; 600 in B, C, D, F. -(t7 >s  
Data are means s.d. of four independent experiments. u8]FJQ*\6+  
*P<0.05 versus 0.5 h. h%krA<G9  
PDGF-BB and -DD, but not PDGF-AA and -CC, induce a downregulation of CCN3 Rd&DH_<+^  
mRNA as determined by real-time RT-PCR and normalized to T*f/M  
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. Vv45w#w;  
Cell number was counted in duplicate using a Malassez hemocytometer #<S*MGp!=  
Data are means s.d. of four independent experiments. *P<0.05 versus cells treated with aPVzOBp  
MCDB media for 24 h, #P<0.05. #3QPcoxa  
28 S0)JIrrHC  
The curves are adjusted for history of coronary artery disease, CRP, and progression to lI 4tW=  
ESRD. 1^4:l!0D  
Both models are independent of age, gender, baseline GFR and proteinuria, and other \xj;{xc  
clinical characteristics and traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors $2Whb!7Z(  
Correlation between serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP) and serum PTH "FWx;65CR  
(n=99, P<0.0001, r2=0.190) Bchv1KF  
Concentration of serum FGF23 concentration before starting and at the end of the 4-h Lr:Qc#2  
hemodialysis procedure in 23 patients, expressed as log10 values (n=23, P<0.0001, {aUnOyX_  
Student's paired t-test). :<t=??4m  
Immunohistochemistry for the hypoxia marker pimonidazole (PIM) and HIF-2 ; XP:A"WK"  
arrow=endothelial cell and CD=collecting duct N2v/<  
Magnification: 1000. m$fEk,d  
A table of .. is developed and significant recommendations are made. 1)56ec<c  
CONJUGATION }l|S]m!  
To Indicate Addition x9"Cm;H%  
additionally, again, also, and then, as can be easily understood, besides, equally important, lh8Q tPe  
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likewise, moreover, next, second, third, too, evidently, obviously, roughly speaking, vR!+ 8sy$  
broadly speaking uiVN z8H  
To Indicate Cause and Effect z uV%`n  
accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in short, otherwise, then, m2c'r3UEu  
therefore, thus, truly qq/>E*~  
To indicate Comparison s;BMj^x  
in a like manner, likewise, similarly , alternatively cb|+6m~  
To Indicate Concession tk&AZb,sP  
after all, although this may be true, at the same time, even though, even so , I admit, |ia5Mr"t  
naturally, of course ;6W]f([  
To Indicate Contrast gV2vw e  
and yet, at the same time, but, for all that, however, yet, in fact, in contrast, in the real life, b/M/)o!C  
in spite of, nevertheless, notwithstanding, normally, on the contrary, on the other hand, BJj'91B[d  
still, traditionally, rather, unfortunately, i]v3CY|3AI  
To Indicate Time Relationships [';o -c"!  
after a short time, afterwards, as indicated earlier, as long as, as soon as, at last, at length, x+X@&S  
at the moment, at that time, at the same time, before, earlier, currently, immediately, in ~#r>@C  
the meantime, in recent years, lately, later, meanwhile, often, of late, presently, recently, FDMQ Lxf  
soon, shortly, since, thereupon, temporarily, therefore, until, when, while 0D(8-H  
29 qyz%9 9  
To Indicate Special Features or Examples >Xn,jMUW  
for example, for instance, incidentally, indeed, in fact, in other words, in particular, in q +?&w'8  
practice, specifically, that is, to illustrate, in this respect, theoretically, as mentioned uf6egm5 ]  
before / above Jt_=aMY:7  
To Indicate Summary OrkcY39"~a  
in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to conclude kTL{Q0q  
, in general, to summarize, to sum up, as a result, ultimately, s41%A2Enh  
VERB PHASE + -<8^y  
build a .. model '12m4quO  
have been described to :Awwt0  
To assess the functional role of .I`>F/Sjr  
we detected K *@?BE  
build up the key link 3f`Uoh+  
Although a number of studies have identified predictors of G4|C227EO  
began a new era in ... /@`"&@W'  
can be regarded as / achieved / used to/for / found / obtained through mI&3y9; (  
can result in @K"$M>n$Z  
carries out ... tasks 4@{;z4*`  
production information in order to simultaneously H:G``Vq;0m  
contains all information necessary to describe ,a5q62)q  
do not make use of production information zZ[kU1Fyv  
deals with CEj_{uf|  
end with failure #VhdYDbW  
fetch the information from the model directly q,[;AHb  
has great potential / yet to be resolved / spurred the development of / jZ~girA  
been recognized as 6nA9r5Ghv  
site component / cable of / currently implemented for / demonstrated by an example / Ku'a,\7z  
finally reached / made equal to / equivalent to / more suitable to / oriented to / JrBPx/?(,;  
interpreted as / pointed out / potentially of great benefit in the complex task of / shown BsA4/Bf  
in / used to effectively guide the search ^@x&n)nzP  
makes use of <SE-:T]sBz  
was significantly higher as compared to @.L#u#   
To assess disease-specific alterations, we measured J{4=:feIC?  
To specifically assess the relationship between K-'uE)  
make up 3uw3 [ SR1  
To determine if l(1.Ll  
This statistically significant difference still OTYkJEC8\N  
They positively correlated with EwBrOq`C  
Present U9BhtmY  
Our results are consistent with our recent data that suggest that 6 (7 56  
30 0s8fF"$  
contribute to I*3 >>VN  
meets the needs of real life production,/ the current demands placed upon it odL* _<Z  
must be justified Q0-gU+ig  
point out  }se3y  
play an important role 9<&*iIrM  
relates to ~APS_iG[  
rely on T Q![  
We performed |Fx *,91  
satisfy the needs # a4OtRiI  
determine the total requirements for the ... C\{ KB@C\*  
uses ... as a key to search for... 0OlT^  
without relying on #HP-ne; #  
will be available/ performed/ overlooked ; P<h 9(  
NOUN PHASE GsO(\hR6^  
a basic technical function of D\;5{,:d  
a significant reduction of KO`dAB F}  
drug variability  Mp js  
a critical need Z molL0y  
negatively correlated with l d"rL6  
a key / principle feature of Ugo!  
a substantial impact on ` ,SNqi  
an intensive review was conducted $[Ut])4 ~  
The analysis of the correlations by `'3&tAy  
an increasing need for expanding the application of .... EXbZ9 o*  
an important component / function / aspect / issue fVZ9 2Xw B  
each rule is numbered in sequence W8x&:5Fc)3  
each of these involves +2tFX  
for this calculation, it is necessary to define 2&pE  
in the physical environment / integration of LB({,0mcX  
in the reality of situations where … RnC+]J+?4  
many aspects of [jCYj0Qf8  
most past efforts have been spent on ... T#6g5Jnsp  
common sense to a well studied and documented technical field. B[h^]k  
sources of additional information on ... are listed y8C8~-&OK  
systematic and rationally structured format -da: j-_  
the basis on which a range of ...operations can be established is shown KSS]%66Y  
THE basic philosophy / principles of / key element / general hypothesis / candidate list eB_r.R{  
of / concept of ... has attracted wide interest / function is concerned with / heart / B#`'h~(7  
impact / nature / role / task of / kernel functions _E8Cvaob  
the number of parts needed to eU`O=uE   
the above statement means that 3P>1-=  
the output data is passed to _ iDVd2X"H  
31 D vU1+ y  
the proposed method / underlying principle  y<m[9FC}  
the recommendations made in this report, if implemented, should 9@IL547V  
this information resides in {98e_z w  
this process is composed of ... different ... operation Z'uiU e`&  
along with the use of =vQ J2Rg  
concerning general aspects of f8WI@]1F  
due to X@:Y./  
for later use in generating..., ypGt6t(;  
in turn, F#) bGi  
it can be claimed/concluded that L A A(2  
it demonstrates the decisions required of C4gES"T  
it also provides information to .. \X! NoF  
it becomes essential to 5a@9PX^.J  
let ... be the probability that %K=_  
once... is written, it is compiled into... @-xvdntx  
suppose it is observed that <HN{.p {  
this is because WcM\4q@  
this results in a );q~TZ[Do  
upon completion of the ... analysis, KUm?gFh  
when the knowledge is of mathematics or quantum physics, it will also be xYW &Mfka  
recorded in books and papers ,d*hhe  
selection of rules for using the tools, for generating operation plans, q~W:W}z  
is another matter of preference, since practice varies greatly. q3h& V  
for the sake of convenience f^"pZS  
correct decision to be reach $)8,dS  
keeping the number of rules to a minimum. gVR]z9  
a good process plan will result exhibiting several characteristics: \weg%a  
practical solutions YOrq)_ l  
because of rather small job lot sizes gJrWewEe  
Backward reasoning can be used to answer the question "should milling tool be select" v3X M-+Z4  
different level of knowledge in the realm of process planning
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