18 e)*mC oR
Jurkat cells cultured in calcium-free RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco BRL; number Lwp-2`%
22300-107) containing calcium-free 10% FBS were triggered by anti-Fas IgM. The hN& yc
treated cells were harvested at the indicated time points and incubated with Fluo-3-AM at r4 9UJE
a final concentration of 1 micromolar for 30 min at 37°C (Scoltock et al., 2000). The 2IK xh
labeled cells (50,000 cells per treatment) were then analyzed by exciting the cells at 488 2_Pz^L
nm and examining the fluorescence emission of Fluo 3 at 530 nm with a FACS Scan, >BJ2v=RA
(Becton Dickinson). A one micromolar concentration of LPA was used as a positive qnabw F
control for Ca2+ induction. The data thus obtained was analyzed with the software Win Bh\
[CY
MDI 2.8 and represented as contour plots.The effect of chelating intracellular calcium on ]&&I|K_
translocation of annexin I was studied by culturing Jurkat cells in the presence of 10 P=f<#l"v
micromolar BAPTA-AM, with or without the addition of anti-Fas IgM. Cells were D_O 5k|-V
harvested and fractionated as detailed above, and the S-100 fractions were assessed by U#8\#jo
immunoblotting for presence or absence of annexin I. QV`X?m
Mouse bone marrow transduction and transplantation. <FXQxM5"
Retrovirus-mediated transduction of mouse bone marrow cells was done by published Sja
"(sJ
methods49. Prestimulated low-density bone marrow cells were infected with high-titer {[l'S
retrovirus supernatant on fibronectin-coated plates. Retrovirus supernatant was generated
g|tNa/
in the phoenix-gp cells with a mouse stem cell virus–based retroviral vector coexpressing c80
}1
EGFP and HA–RhoH as described50. EGFP+ sorted cells were transplanted by <'g0il
intravenous injection into the sublethally irradiated (300 rads with a 137Cs irradiator) B$K7L'e+-
Rag2-/- recipient mice. At 9 weeks after transplantation, thymus, peripheral blood, bone Q{%HW4lg
marrow, spleen and lymph nodes from each recipient mouse were collected for analysis vN{vJlpY
of EGFP+ chimerism and hematopoietic lineage by flow cytometry. Expression of 3c1
o,2
HA–RhoH and HA–RhoHF73F83 in EGFP+ sorted thymocytes of recipient mice was vS~AxeW/7R
confirmed by immunoblot analysis. /AK*aRU^
Determination of renal morphology ,m #@%fa
Kidney slices were postfixed in buffered 2% OsO4, dehydrated, and embedded in an (Q}PeKM?jq
Araldite-EM bed 812 mixture. Large sections were cut perpendicular to the renal capsule,
b|X>3(
containing cortex, and medulla. Thin (1 m) sections were analyzed in a blinded manner X;K8,A7`
for morphologic alterations, as previously detailed rg#qSrHp
Patient population |u?k-,uI9
Patients included in the study met the following criteria: (1) biopsy-proven IMN; (2) [+%p!T
creatinine clearance 30 ml per min per 1.73 m2; and (3) persistent proteinuria >5 g per sRkz
WMl
24 h despite treatment with an HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) "2y7l
reductase inhibitor, an ACEi, and/or ARB at maximal tolerated dose for at least 4 months. ANA2S*r
The Mayo Institutional Review Board and the Research Ethical Board, University Health TzD:bKE&
Network, University of Toronto approved the study protocol. All patients gave written TE*> a5C|
informed consent. Patients who had been on treatment with prednisone, cyclosporine, or |R_xY=z?
19 uAPLT~
mycophenolic mofetil within the last 4 months or alkylating agents within the last 6 =$:4v`W0(
months were not included in the study. Patients with active infection, diabetes, or a =y,yQO
secondary cause of MN (for example, hepatitis B, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), aT`02X
medications, malignancies) were also excluded. oHP>v_X
Treatment 3rXL0&3w%
At enrollment, a low-sodium (<4 g day-1) and low-protein (0.8 g per kg per day of d'**wh,
high-quality protein) diet was recommended and patients were encouraged to maintain W#JVU GYD
the same diet throughout the duration of the study. All patients received a similar #b]}cwd!
conservative treatment regimen that included loop diuretics to control edema, an e>)}_b
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, and an ACEi combined with an ARB if tolerated. 1*x5/b
-Blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, in that order, were added *aSR KY
when required to control systolic blood pressures to <135 mm Hg in >75% of the Eo25ir%
readings. Patients who after a minimum of 4 months of conservative therapy and =8VJ.{xy_e
maximized Ang II blockade had proteinuria >5 g per 24 h received two i.v. infusions of <O`q3u'l
rituximab at a dose of 1000 mg on days 1 and 15. To minimize infusion reactions, I5|S8d<
patients were premedicated with acetaminophen (1000 mg) and diphenhydramine *$WiJ3'(m
hydrochloride (50 mg) orally. In addition, methylprednisolone (100 mg, i.v.) was given `rOe5Zp$
prior to the first rituximab infusion. B-cell depletion was defined as CD19+ count R!M|k%(
<5 cells per l at any time and B-cell recovery was defined as CD19+ cell count SqT"/e]b'
>15 cells per l. Patients treated with rituximab, who at month 6 had proteinuria >3 g per +wf& L
24 h and in whom CD19+ B-cell counts had increased to >15 cells per l, received a 4*ty&s=5OJ
second course of rituximab treatment following the same protocol described above. 5]2!Bb6>
Follow-up ve_4@
J)
In all patients, clinical and laboratory parameters including complete blood counts, "78cl*sD
electrolytes, serum albumin, B-cell flow cytometry for CD19+ B cells, serum 1{uDHB
immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels, and a lipid panel were evaluated at study entry fxf
GJNR
and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Creatinine clearance and protein and creatinine excretion 5kL# V
in the urine were assessed by performing two consecutive 24-h urine collections at each eJwii
time point. Data were considered accurate when urinary creatinine excretion was Wf&G9Be?8
consistent with a complete 24 h collection. The mean of the two measurements was S+\Mt+o
considered for the analysis. The presence of HACAs was evaluated at baseline and at HN
&vk/[
months 3, 6, 9, and 12. Q*{ H]
Method / Approach / Study/ Technique `&&6-/
A discussion is presented of a problem-solving system m`4j|5
To improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be applied. 0%L$TJ.''
In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of the ?2bE=|
Although large collections of rules and equations have been complied, none are generally g5TLX&Bd
accepted 6`PGV+3j
20 Jut'x
A2Dr
This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of the report. tGy%n[ \
This can be accomplished by !*QA;*e
This algorithm to compute the total cost can be described step by step as follows: $EHn;~w T
The above preliminary analysis has provided important information J,2v~Dq
Various methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum...
fVe-esAw
These concepts have been applied to <k8rSxn{
On the basis of the concept mentioned above, =GS_ G;Dz
This can be achieved by t"@|;uPAu
In addition, tissues were stained for infiltrating lymphocytes (CD20 and CD3), and the LSOwa
amount of interstitial fibrosis was quantified by histomorphometry. Formalin-fixed, <PA$hTYM
paraffin-embedded sections were cut onto coated glass slides. Following heat-induced C3`.-/{D"
antigen retrieval, sections were incubated at 20°C overnight with either anti-CD20 !"qEB2r
primary antibody or anti-CD3 primary antibody, both at 1:1000 dilution (Dako, Canada R=f5:8D<-
Inc, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada). After rinsing all sections, pretreatment with 3% ^
K@GK
hydrogen peroxide was performed to prevent endogenous peroxidase activation. Sections J'&?=|
were incubated with a secondary rabbit anti-mouse antibody linked with avidin–biotin l~>rpG
complex. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin and examined by light SodW5v a
microscopy. cN(QTbyl6Q
The HACA assay is a proprietary bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Gl\RAmdc
performed at Genentech Inc. that measures the antibody response to rituximab in human 2/W0y!qh1
serum samples. R~u7;Wv
In all patients, clinical and laboratory parameters including complete blood counts, !Kn+*' #
electrolytes, serum albumin, B-cell flow cytometry for CD19+ B cells, serum J!qEj{
immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels, and a lipid panel were evaluated at study entry lJp v
and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. %x)U
8
This fact suggests that a new concept aQ3vG08L>
This was accomplished by taking ... I(eR3d:
The preparatory stage is very time consuming process. #k]0[;1os
Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibility
0>J4O:k
There is little hope of achieving successful ... )4O`%9=M&
There has been an increasing awareness of the potential of using most ..so far made have iONql7S @
not taken this approach, with the exception of ZI*A0_;L
Only a few studies can be found. $BN+SD!
It is a very tedious process to go through jWjK -q@Y
It is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effected F}mwQ%M
The entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head. z?g4^0e
These approaches are sometimes very tedious. aj~@r3E;
Several techniques can be used aYX '&k
`
A polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows]: B_1u<00kg
A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx. X'p%$HsMG
A xx model represents an xx by its xx. 6@361f[
A process decision model captures the logic essential to 9%veUvY
From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ... ~d8o,.n`1
21 J@-9{<
The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula. rx)Q]
Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ... ]zAg6*-/B
Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system. ZSf+5{2m
A number of heuristic rules have been developed for `{;&Qcg6m
Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so that ZPog)d@!
An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determine WWs>@lCK
Euler's formula states the following: 09i[2n;O
The completed model should agree with the formula. QR8Q10
For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object is necessary P_%l}%
Engineering design models are very well defined; therefore, wN.Jyb
To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough to be useful. 1z!Lk*C)
Point of View [#H8Mb+7
from an implementation standpoint, S}yb~uc,
From the point of view of this application, AX?6Q4Gq1
From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CRI for short). gDIB'Y
Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggregation of data >eI(M $
in order to allow one to make decisions. A}O9e
From a practical point of view, the computational aspects of an FLC require a BGOI
simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm. ;bmd<1
The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends to distort, destroy, 4(]('[M
and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AI Implications for CIM ".=EAXVU
p.129] *8+YR
Statistical analysis =@ RVLml
Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance comparing the three conditions s4*,ocyBP
(sham operation, ischemic AKI, and bilateral nephrectomy) at each time point. If X[}%iEWzT
significant F-statistic from analysis of variance existed, this test was followed by Dunnett n_Dhq (.
post hoc multiple comparison procedure with sham operation as the control group. For all $tJJ
>"
other comparisons, Student's t-test was used. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as '-qc\6UY
statistically significant. 9wzYDKN}
Values are expressed as means s.e.m. and significance was evaluated by Mann–Whitney /P
lsF
U test using GraphPad Prism, version 4.0 software (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, )i>KgX
CA, USA). ~b/>TK
n+
All values are expressed as means s.d. Statistical significance (defined as P<0.05) was c{q`uI;O
evaluated using analysis of variance and Bonferroni t-tests, and the two-tailed Pearson's lw{|~m5`
test, where appropriate. Uyh#g^r
Data are expressed as mean s.d., median and interquartile range, or frequencies, as Xh
iC'.B_
appropriate. Variables who deviated from the normal distribution (positively skewed) /zM7G?y
were log-transformed (log10) before the correlation study. H'.d'OE:I
Data are represented as means s.e.m. Student's t-test and multiple comparisons with t-test ]Ea6Z
post hoc analysis of variance were used as indicated below, for the comparison of OWzIea@
22 Z:{
Z&HQC
morphological, immunohistological and functional parameters. Statistical significance 195(Kr<5$
was set at P<0.05. wl4yN
C
The primary efficacy parameter was defined as change in urinary protein excretion from Q2o:wXvj
baseline (week 0) to 12 months after treatment. The 12-month changes were tested GupKM%kM
against zero using the paired t-test. Secondary end points included 6-month changes in YH9BJ
protein; the number with PR or CR at 6 or 12 months; and changes in glomerular [F$3mzx
filtration rate (GFR), serum albumin, and lipid profiles. Study sample size was based on ORO~(%-(e
the desire to have 80% power to detect a drop in urinary protein of at least 2.0 g day-1. 7pNh|#Uv'
Assuming a two-sided hypothesis test performed at a significance level of 0.05 and an s.d. >4c 1VEi
of urinary protein change of 2.5 g, it was determined that 15 patients were required.2 _cB~?c
Definition of remission status is according to the criteria established by Cattran et al.30 E4Sp^,
CR was defined as proteinuria <0.3 g per 24 h, PR as proteinuria 3 g per 24 h, and a Fpb1.Iz
>50% reduction in peak proteinuria and non-response as <50% reduction in peak U"Y$7~
proteinuria. Any patient reaching a CR or PR was considered a treatment success z{ 8!3>:E
The statistical significance of differences for the mean values of cytokine concentration c=5$bo]LI
and T cell proliferation was determined with Student's t-test. Differences with a P value :MpCj<<[
of less than 0.05 were considered significant. 4d
#W[
Statistical significance was determined by Student's t-test. Data with a P value of less q^s$4 q
than 0.05 were considered significant. A6d+RAx
In vitro and in vivo experiments were analyzed by the two-tailed Student's t-test, with P zK&`&("4C
values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. pd|s7
The significance of differences among groups was determined by Student's t-test and 1~+w7Ar=(
one-way analysis of variance (SigmaStat software; Jandel). l"+=z.l6;
Comparisons B`v
V[w?
As well, the pros and cons of these representations from a process planning point of view w/UsEIr
will be discussed. $I.'7
&h;
The method of using xx to implement xx described by Zadeh (1973) appeared more 30<^0J.1
suitable S&a44i
As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously], 8WAg{lVs
Relation _jtBU
We can not invert F' directly because it defines a many-to-one mapping. z:w
7e0
The relationships appear very complicate wDsEx!\#
Lifting tasks involve complex and imprecise relationship between the task variables and Zff
zyh
the human operator's characteristics. /as1
These methods are based on the relationship between ... and ... 4`i_ 4&TS
The fundamental concept of a fuzzy rating language is that we can establish a relationship p%}oo#%J
among terms such as high, medium, and low, and then modify these relationships. Z@1r
s#
This article will thus mention the latter as well as the former. z=!xN5
The former two bear a close relation to a fuzzy Cartesian product. Uu
G;z5
Importance NJ|8##Z>
) 1e}wDMU(
23 k}/0B
The emphasis is on an implementation of a general approach to rule based decision pBHr{/\5
making. -gzk,ymp
Consideration / Attention _Ab|<!a/R
Careful evaluation is necessary to ensure f;QWlh"9
Such a formulation does not change further considerations. =x=#Etj|
Considerable attention has been paid to NKRNEq!
Attention should be paid to an important finding of this investigation. vrH/Z.WD
Caution should be exercised in this process to avoid ...
O<fbO7.-
Primary consideration is given to ... components, though others can be accommodated PQ1\b-I
After ... has been defined by ..., a carefully analysis is carried out/performed to determine Zd042
%
A number of factors such as ...need to be taken into consideration before making the g,\<fY+4
appropriate decision. kYx|`-PA<r
It should be noted that NKO5c?ds
It is important to point out that ... ] OR]
These considerations have heightened interest in the possibility of providing ... U)N;=gr\
We should stress the fundamental importance of the xx zDC-PHFHQ
Results. U
L(#B TK
Advantages / Disadvantage gJ :Z7b
One of the major advantages of this new measure of xx is that it can be applied to the Z>'.+OW
experimental study of evq*&.6\
One advantage of using a .. is the ease of preparing it. Nn+leM
It has a very fast decision making process Jgb{Tl:r
All the algorithms involve mostly logical operations. )0YMi!&j`
It can be easily and without additional cost implemented in a microprocessor;based ji:
JLvf]%
environment. qHklu2_%
It can reduce the waste of designing from scratch. <Xv]Ih?@f`
The advantages of using a xx to represent xx are the following: `G,\=c~{A
However, xx is not without its shortcomings. Busxg?=
In most cases, the xxx shows an improvement over the existing xxx. ~#N^@a
Compared to the existing xx, the impacts of the xx are generally reduced by 5% to 9%. Y ~xcJH
The "best case" results shows a savings of 6% to 9%. "2$C_aE
Most of the existing works based on xx approach can only recognize a xx . _=}Efy7
Most of the above methods are computational expansive and limited to xx. 7C
F-?M!
Some other advantages of xx are the following: Syo1Dq6z.
The problem is the limitation of this method to a limited domain of parts. vA*!82
It proved limited in application because it demanded precision in system modeling that 9H`Q
|7g(5
was impossible in practice. [YLaRr
There are advantages to be gained in the structuring of costs and benefits, the use of xx, C5$1K'X@
The disadvantages of this method are also disadvantages of conventional xx approaches. c\065#f!
This combines the best features of both techniques
`a*[@a#
24 ez@`&cJ7
Hopefully, this tool can be as the reference framework of for developing a xx platform, ?Bno?\
and helping the administration, marketing, and knowledge management activities in W c{<DE?J
virtual communities. (3C::B=
Results nn5tOV}QE
An improvement on the result shown above can be made by based on the data provided <j+D
Y@*
Recent work has identified
qH1[BsOx
Time-dependent changes of 40w,:$
Cyclosporine-induced cell death is triggered by a non-classical phosphoinositide 3-kinase .y\j .p
and does not require ERK activation. @G@,)`p4?
Much of the current work on
n6Je5fE
Discussion of these theories is beyond the scope of this review ?); 6]"k:3
Based on the information contained in this 1Rg tZp%
The result can be categorized into nine classes ]%>7OH'
The results are illustrated by an example 5|z>_f.^pS
The experimental results for each xx time are reported in Table 2. c6.S jV
From the results obtained so far, it seem that hd0d
gc
Because of the inaccuracy of the ..., a conclusion cannot be drawn as <=[,_P6|
Although much effort has been made to., this reality is far from completion. !W4A9Th
The results indicate that the total benefits are higher than the total costs. 3M\~#>
Their results may then serve as guidelines for lower level models, less fuzzy and more .0+=#G>
detailed. $a.fQ<,\X
Conclusion #;~`+[y?\
From the discussion, one may conclude that ... LS;j]!CU
The first indication that 8S/SXyS
In summary, we have shown that ;\-f7!s
These results suggested that O=m_P}K
Our findings have shown that J< Ljg<t+
Our observations have provided
IC"lsNq52
This study reveals following five main findings: mWEaUi)Zz
To our knowledge, this is the first immunohistochemical report of both PIM and HIFs in 7 +]+S`
p
the diabetic kidney. =:fN
As mentioned above, l 7T@<V
Moreover, we demonstrate that, |; [XZ ZZ
A number of studies have elaborated a body of knowledge about
-ElK=q
There are findings to indicate that "%zb>`1s
On a descriptive level, there is agreement that for kz!CxI (
One issue that became particularly evident from our study is +4
W6{`
Our data are in agreement with the findings and models presented by previous qQN|\u+co
publications, in particular those of Jones et al LC>bZ!(i#
According to our observations, 'v^Zterr
…was not evident from our data 4
*n4P
25 JX)%iJq#
It could therefore be concluded that |7#S0Ca@
our data illustrate that aw\0\'}
All these different aspects, as listed above, lead to V|\dnVQ'-%
In fact, it has already been speculated that (/i?Fd
It should be furthermore mentioned in this context that N\{{:<Cp\
To identify and verify the essential factors triggering developmental renin expression, it )lhPl
is of interest now to study the development of intrarenal renin expression in mice with < C1Jim
defined gene mutations, using the results of this study as a reference system. uN;]
Fv@Z
In conclusion, using several approaches, we demonstrated that q?##S'
But we have not provided formal proof yet that sx^0*h-Qq
In summary, our results suggest that x{_3/4
In conclusion, we identify ^yFtL(
x,
A better understanding of such regulatory systems may yield novel therapeutic y _
:~
approaches to glomerular diseases. 6%A_PP3Z
Preliminary results of short-term studies (2 weeks) indicate that ^[g7B"`K5
However, we believe that $8{v_2C){
However, despite our extensive measurements of these parameters, we found no O<>cuW(l
relationship between response and initial proteinuria, time to B-cell recovery, the $6DA<v^=z
development of antibodies to rituximab, B-cell count in the kidney tissue, nor the degree 78UE?) X"
of tubular interstitial damage present. A clear conclusion for efficacy, however, cannot be [bh8Nj\E
obtained from an uncontrolled study, and definitive claims of efficacy should be reserved U9t-(`[j?
for rigorous, prospective, controlled, and randomized trials with the use of rituximab and D!WyT`T
that will also look for factors that may determine its efficacy in IMN. |r<#>~*
It has become increasingly clear that B,(zp#&yB
Form the above discussion, the conclusion can be reached that Ad)::9
K?J
The conclusions drawn are also valid SCL8.%z D
In conclusion to this, it becomes obvious that the problem of xx lies not only in... ;_6CV
We have attempted to introduce some concepts associated with a theory of iOrpr,@
Considerable more work, hopefully, will be done in this area i$gH{wn\`
Employing the compositional rule of inference, the assessment of the xx compatibility in
xe@1
1/F
achieving prescribed xx projectiles in any level of the hierarchy is made possible. [4
y7tjar^
This paper has presented a theoretical and experimental study of the xx process and xx c`O(||UZT
concept. Ka/ *Z4"
The experimental research results will hopefully serve as useful feedback information for ?Rd{`
5.D
improvements for xx work. ',bSJ4)Y
The scope of this contribution was to introduce a xx method. | IB4-p
This has a tremendous impact on our understanding of f >$V:e([
Significant progress has been made in advancing RNAi therapeutics in a remarkably %U?1Gf e
short period of time DkJ "#8Yl=
To date, little is known about… /8Ru O
Irrespective of the mechanisms and the molecules –which are still largely unknown – %CIRN}
involved in MSC functions, current data suggest that W|CZA
To better understand %4,v2K
26 2+=:pc^
Future Research (常用于conclustion 的结尾) 6-Id{m x
Thus, first extension of the approach could be, Xj5oHHwn
Further studies are needed to determine the importance of 6olJ7`*
Some improvements to the scheduling aspect of the model may be brought through v}sk %f
additional levels in the hierarchy for more detailed representation of the scheduling SIZZFihcYh
activity. l4$Iv:
It also unveiled new aspects of the role played by thyroid hormone in response to injury 0s!';g Q
and tissue repair. O)$Pvll
In the near future, the ongoing clinical trials with siRNAs for macular degeneration and sc&u NfJ
RSV may reveal the exciting potential of RNAi therapeutics as the next major class of %:}o\ _w
drug molecules. r(KAG"5
In the next few years it should become clear whether DH Qs_8Df
It should be an exciting time for researchers seeking to harness this powerful endogenous I=2b)"t0
pathway to treat human disease. IXv9mr?H}
Acknowledgement /m|U2rrqb
The authors are grateful to the insightful work provided by Mr. John W. Harney and all 26ae|2?
of the fellows and students that contributed with some of the studies discussed in this 3I G<Ot9
article yJ4ZB/ZQ
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete 4n} a%ocv^
this thesis. k}]M`ad
I want to thank the Department of Transport of the former Interim Government of ha?M[Vyw4Q
Namibia for giving me permission to commence this thesis in the first instance, to do the iAo/Dnp2J
necessary research work and to use departmental data ]
@:x<>
This work was supported by NIH grants AI058695 and AI056900. We thank members of B \LmE+a>
the laboratory and our collaborators for many useful suggestions. VWK%6Ye0
We thank J. Maraganore and B. Greene for critical reading of the manuscript, M. FfNUFx2N
Duckman for graphics assistance and A. Capobianco for word processing assistance. GH \
Sy
Author contributions $!$,cKPl5
All authors were involved in experimental planning and data analysis and contributed to a}Z+"D
manuscript preparation. *yv@B!r
Tables and Figures jG{OLF6 !
Figure 7-1 sketches these relationships. bTt1y O
The graphical representation of these functions is shown in Figure 1. Ab6R ?mUM
The xx may be depicted as in Figure 1. 55FRPNx-x
Figure x shows the schematic diagram of the l b;P&V
Figure 1 though 2 provide a ... that yy Y\g
the architecture of this expert system for .... is illustrated in Figure 2. On|b-
Figure 2 gives the outline of an ... system c \;_jg
Table shows the m}7Nu
27 A*g-pJh
Time-dependent changes of 2 w6iqLr?
as shown in Table 1 and 2 #{?~XS
This concept is illustrated in Figure 2 9Dbbk/j|
At the top of Table xx are shown two blocks of data. q~^!Ck+#*
Each table or matrix has constructs xx through xx as row;headings, VeSQq
xx through xx as column;headings. N=\weuED
Time course of calculated renin immunoreactive tissue volumes during development of md
,KRE
the mouse kidney. Data are single values per time point. They were derived from the !ewT#afyu(
kidneys shown in Figure 1. ac\( [F-
Yellow color indicates &%%ix#iF
PCT3 cells were pretreated with 50 M PD98059 or 10 M U0126 for 30 min and then &isKU8n
cells were stimulated with 25 g ml-1 CsA for 6 h. ERK and PKB activation were SgYMPBh
analyzed by western blot using phospho-specific antibodies. 9VanR
::XX
ERK and PKB activation were measured by western blot using phospho-specific 3I(;c ,S
antibodies `2hg?(ul
The data are the means of three different experiments taking the number of untreated cells 0?}n( f!S
(vehicle alone) as 100%. KK6n"&TVa
ERK and PKB activation were then analyzed by western blot with the corresponding p!5'#\^f
phospho-specific antibodies. To ensure equal amount of protein in each lane, western LM+d3|gSV
blots against total protein were performed for ERK and PKB. xK_oV+
The means of optical density (OD) values of the bands detected in western blots of three !JyY&D~`
different experiments are plotted, taking the maximal value of phosphorylation of ERK -i1 f
]Bd
and PKB as 100%. #y[U2s Se
CT3 cells were treated with 25 g ml-1 CsA or vehicle alone for 24 h and then fixed with v+I-*,R
paraformaldehyde and stained with Hoescht as indicated in Materials and Methods. Then [F'|KcE3
cells were visualized by phase-contrast microscopy (upper panel) and fluorescence tU5uL.( O
microscopy (lower panel). mBE&>}G<
The data are the means of three experiments performed on different days taking the *yaS^k\
number of cells at the onset of the experiment as 100%. (0
B?OkQ
Rats were killed at 4 h and at days 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 14, 21, and 28 after disease induction </WeB3#6
(n=9 each). t&:L?K)j
*P<0.05 versus non-nephritic rats. fCwE1r*^
The expression of the CCN3 protein was detected by western blot analysis (n=4 each, PC, Xl$,f`f~
positive control, M, molecular weight markers). }f]Y^>-Ux
Original magnifications: 200 in A, E, G, H; 600 in B, C, D, F. -(t7
>s
Data are means s.d. of four independent experiments. u8]FJQ*\6+
*P<0.05 versus 0.5 h. h%krA<G9
PDGF-BB and -DD, but not PDGF-AA and -CC, induce a downregulation of CCN3 Rd&DH_<+^
mRNA as determined by real-time RT-PCR and normalized to T*f/M
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. Vv45w#w;
Cell number was counted in duplicate using a Malassez hemocytometer #<S*MGp!=
Data are means s.d. of four independent experiments. *P<0.05 versus cells treated with aPVzOBp
MCDB media for 24 h, #P<0.05. #3QPcoxa
28 S0)JIrrHC
The curves are adjusted for history of coronary artery disease, CRP, and progression to lI 4tW=
ESRD. 1^4:l!0D
Both models are independent of age, gender, baseline GFR and proteinuria, and other \xj;{xc
clinical characteristics and traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors $2Whb!7Z(
Correlation between serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP) and serum PTH "FWx;65CR
(n=99, P<0.0001, r2=0.190) Bchv1KF
Concentration of serum FGF23 concentration before starting and at the end of the 4-h Lr:Qc#2
hemodialysis procedure in 23 patients, expressed as log10 values (n=23, P<0.0001, { aUnOyX_
Student's paired t-test). :<t=??4m
Immunohistochemistry for the hypoxia marker pimonidazole (PIM) and HIF-2 ; XP:A"WK"
arrow=endothelial cell and CD=collecting duct N2v/<
Magnification: 1000. m$fEk,d
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