过去分词与形容词的语义差： &Nc[$H7<
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things }@Xh xZu
the destructive power of modern weapons 5;W\2yj
Damaged: being in a bad state b,#` n
emotionally damaged children 8r, 9OM
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements Z6
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He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. B!e K! B
Respectful: feeling or showing respect -Q6(+(7_|
They listened in respectful silence. {!L=u/qs"
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. '%R< "
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.
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Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. E
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4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. D i:{er(p
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. o& ~dGG4J
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. 8qn 9|
Lovable: a sweet lovable child elu=9d];@
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. ^w.]Hd 2
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. AcKU^T+
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds $]C=qM28-
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. e,(a6X
虚拟语气 xk& N A B
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 0Z"s_r }h
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 u^t$
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(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 D&/I1=\(
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) ?ty>}.c t
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) yNBv-oe5
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 e!GZSk
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
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Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) V@[rf<,
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) :5J_5,?;`
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 b]T@g
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It took me only five minutes to finish the job. #AShbl jm+
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 kO1}?dWpa
(1)不定式作表语 eNb pwne
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 HJIC<U
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 nBkh:5E5%
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 49AW6H.JT
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 7/aOsW"6
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 Q,gLi\siI
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 Rb EKP(uw
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 0mTr-`s
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 Xh
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The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. y! ~qbh[
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． 19W:-Om
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Y1)!lTG
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 "j^MB)YD
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 $=)gp PT
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 6@V~0DG
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. 6~xBi(m`
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． 0
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(3)分词作表语 *z8|P#@
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： \~~ }N4
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 02=ls V!U
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 |ZiC`Nt
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 j.%K_h?V5
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 YlF%U
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encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 tU :EN;H
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 = a}b+(R
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 t e,[f
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 _>yoX
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 aG%, cQ 1
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 = 0
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 =d)-Fd2li
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 !. T LW
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 wW>fV P r
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 X3%Ic`Lq#
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 p B;3bc
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： SUM4Di7
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 {{yZ@>
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1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 _iV]_\0W2
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 0#cy=*E
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 kgi>}
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arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 F4L;BjnJ
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 [*:6oo98'
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 E&$yuW^z
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 Bun> <Y
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ask问 dread害怕 need需要 kOo~%kcQ'
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 .iX# A<E}
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 UMl#D >:C<
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 e]=lKxFh&l
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 : j }fC8'
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 UFAL1c<V
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 D,qu-k[jMI
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 O3DmNq$dz
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 ,J U@ |`
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许
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start开始 undertake承接 want想要 +5VLw
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 r%:+$aIt
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 :
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contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 w }Uhd ,
