过去分词与形容词的语义差： G_GV
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things :.863_/
the destructive power of modern weapons {9kH<,PJ;!
Damaged: being in a bad state KMO(f!?
emotionally damaged children A"(XrL-pV
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements W(h].'N
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. Aofk< O!M
Respectful: feeling or showing respect C` s
They listened in respectful silence. .< 0|V
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. 5K_KZL-
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. C| #GODA
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. s w<mmayN
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. ~#z8 Q{!O
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. x*]&Ca0+
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. i2. +E&3v
Lovable: a sweet lovable child ; DQ{6(
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. n}KF) W=
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. L5
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Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds Hz?C9q3BX
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. ORVFp]gG
虚拟语气 YkOl@l$D
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 DrAp&A|WV|
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 MR= dQc
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 4b\R@Knu
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) }XOTK^YA
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) \fX0&l;T9\
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 ua!i3]18
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 q m J#cmN
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) j ^ Tb=
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) 49 ('pq?D
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 8iv0
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It took me only five minutes to finish the job. ID{62>R
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 U?@ s`.
(1)不定式作表语 6_G[ &
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 ~J~@mE2ks
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 o\
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What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 !^[i"F:
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2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 VVd9VGvh
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 5 `_UIYcI
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 c @U\d<{w
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 1{fu
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 8QJ^@|7
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. !
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The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． /8cfdP Ba
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 )ajF ca@v
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 u5'jIqlU
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 hL?"!
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 GLBzlZ?
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. IPVD^a ?
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．
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(3)分词作表语 \kR:GZ`{UV
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： PHxU6UPqy
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 J<9; Ix 8R
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 vY"i^a`f
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 (drDC1\
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 ML!>tCT
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 r%uka5@
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
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puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 F97HFt6{
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 IaHu$` v
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 Pu
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worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 .4 cV X
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Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 Lz/{
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The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 oc>N| ww:
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 %E"dha JY
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 Hp(wR'(g &
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 v.!e1ke8D*
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： WbwS!F<au
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 6 k6}SlN[
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 kQ99{l H,5
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 K[^
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afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 K oi- b
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 = ,J-D6J?
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 m85H x1!p.
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 wv.HP mq
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 le1
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ask问 dread害怕 need需要 7?p
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agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 >|rU*+I`
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 S7h?tR*u
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 Ve[[J"ze
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 j58'P 5N
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 zF@ /8#
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 h#}'9oA
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 7srq~;j3
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 H Xb_k1n
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 X!|K 4Z!k
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 2v`Q;%7O
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 FyWrb+_0v
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 5I&Dk4v
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 &W{< Yf9
