过去分词与形容词的语义差： x5\D u6
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1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things 4*f+np
the destructive power of modern weapons D[]0/+,
Damaged: being in a bad state b1'849i'y=
emotionally damaged children kUGFg{"
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements (Ajg LNB
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. |/xA5_-N
Respectful: feeling or showing respect ;q%z\g A
They listened in respectful silence. *wJz0ex7R/
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. ,m0 M:!hK
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. 5/ U {b5
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. ~AaEa,LQ
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. sx u P"4
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. [+A]E,pv]1
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. b=sY %(2 s
Lovable: a sweet lovable child s 8K.A~5 w
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. jp4-w(
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. K9 }Brhe
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds 6)i>qz).
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. u~ FV I
虚拟语气 lJfk4 -;M
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 iYYuZ.
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 >tMI%r
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 UB8
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Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) 6
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It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) UYy #DA
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 x7gd6"10^
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 WQ:Y NmQ1p
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) :YkAp9civ
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) PC2 55
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 I!kR:Z
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. ]D,_<Kk
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 [x=(:soEqC
(1)不定式作表语 xf7YIhL^*
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 Vep 41\g^
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 D(<0tU^[
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 >PQ?|Uk
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 b-@9Xjv
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 14uv[z6
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 jyyig%
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 H)&i
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His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 GCw4sb4~w
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. G[_Z|Xi1
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． l(F\5Ys
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 "s zJ[
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Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 cZoj|=3a
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 ]8$H 'u(C
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 jRDvVV/-wr
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. N.
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His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． NN+;I^NqW&
(3)分词作表语 c Cx{
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分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： A yn $,
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 yQ<h>J>
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 LIz'hfS!
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 L5|g \Y`
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 :Zob"*T
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 ln , 9 v
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 bd27])n(
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 JqYa~6 C
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 ;qWSfCt/^
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 O kT@ _U
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 K@Q%NK,
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 MI:%Eq
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 ~MYE8xrId
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 T VSCjI
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 0mm HN`<
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 jk\V2x@DR
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： `/!F
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(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 )z4eRs F|
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 cg9}T[A
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 Y}Y~?kE>M|
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 L=C#E0{i
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 Bx$?*y&f!v
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 TGPZUyi3!=
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 Z
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cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 Y(?SE< 4R
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 >NV1#\5_R@
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 )<_qTd0`
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 v? Cakwu
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 @ qx$b~%
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 l7 @cov
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 IJDbm}:/e
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 Z*h}E
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 F8Mf,jnPs
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 ] \L+]+u~
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 N Z6:Zz M
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 v* <rNZI
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 KHJ wC v
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 <63TN `B
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 zfg+gd)Z
