过去分词与形容词的语义差： i 7PS=]TK\
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things >~Gy+-
the destructive power of modern weapons ("ix!\1K@
Damaged: being in a bad state r7>FH !=:
emotionally damaged children -^yc<%U
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements $[ S 33Q
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. > yLDU_P)
Respectful: feeling or showing respect lK7:q
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They listened in respectful silence. @%2crJnkS
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. =liyd74%`
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. V"(5U(v {~
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. g.Qn,l]X/p
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. =WI3#<vDG
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. Oi& 9FS
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. `>g\ga Q
Lovable: a sweet lovable child dc 4XX5Z
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. l{.PyU5)
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. PPrv VGP
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds 3I)o qS@q'
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. L\"wz scn
虚拟语气 Q .7X3 A8
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 .t>SbGC
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ws,?ImA
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 5uSg]2 :
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) |}e"6e%
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) tC$+;_=+F
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 {wt9/IlG1
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
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Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) c[X6!_
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) MFO%F) 5
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 ,K6ODtw.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. hU
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2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
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(1)不定式作表语 J 32{#\By
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 bT9:9LP
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 ^mI`P}5Y
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 `LIlR8&@aX
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 d3?gh[$
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 /i Xl] <
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 %Gu=Dkz
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 >tL" 8@z9
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 2 y8FP#
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. Cx(HsJ! ,
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． yfFe%8w_vw
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 e 1bV&
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 l<sWM$ez
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 p"cY/2w:j
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 M5`m5qc3
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. [czWUD
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． JL:B4 f%}B
(3)分词作表语 I] m&h!
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： .&^M
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interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 b_~KtMO
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 l`JKQ k
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 (@\0P H0
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 }_Sgor83n
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 m Ub2U&6(
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 Dp@m"_1`+
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 _ 1$+S0G;
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 L #I
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surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 Gn10)U
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worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 N *n?hN
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 % =
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The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 ,?GAFg K:
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 k}{K7,DM
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 *K=me/
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3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 T5 BoOVgO
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： .7#04_aP
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 -f(< 2i
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 X^ 0jS
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 jB d9
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afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 rk?G[C)2c
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 Dw2 $#d
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 E mcwX4|
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 RAEiIf!3
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 > Gxu8,_;
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 s8kkf5bu
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 =G<S!qW
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 #+P)X_i`
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 Hn(L0#Oqy
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 AyZBH &}RZ
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 TqMy">>
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 `\S~;O
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 3 s Ge#s%
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 i+.b R.WO
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 b;sjw5 cm_
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 BhJ~ jV"
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 @AkD-}^[
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 uH!;4@ uI
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 rB%acTCz=[
