过去分词与形容词的语义差： ">? y\#O A
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things /FZ@Z] Q0G
the destructive power of modern weapons CPI7&jqu
Damaged: being in a bad state w:}RS.AK
emotionally damaged children RyGce'
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2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements XZaei\rUn)
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. O?ZCX_R
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Respectful: feeling or showing respect FafOd9>AO
They listened in respectful silence. A@@ Z?t.
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. LWb5C{
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. &oWdBna"_
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. |WiK*
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. & >AXB6
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. O; qerE?i`
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. `]^JOw5o
Lovable: a sweet lovable child pP&TFy#G+'
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. 0ih=<@1 K
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. t Ztyx;EP
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds -vXX u;frt
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. #:v e3gWl
虚拟语气 m~fA=#l
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非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 "8Ud
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1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 bBkF,`/f$
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Ly?gpOqu5
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) 1/ Pou)D
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) ?hh
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(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 i6)$pARp
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 +'$=\d^
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) +$:bzo_u
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) #h@/~x r
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 Y"
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It took me only five minutes to finish the job. I3QK~ V*j)
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 F:.rb
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(1)不定式作表语 G J=<~S"
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 >A#wvQl7
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 |->{N U Z{
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 Ey$J.qw3
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 oHkF>B
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To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 Gxu&o%x [
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 #EiOC.A=
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 G\S\Qe{
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His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 T8 k@DS
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. .%7#o
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． UH1AT#?!W
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 rxu
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Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 E%\j R
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 6CBk,2DswI
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 [pOQp
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People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. sw{,l"]<
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． )&}\2NK6L
(3)分词作表语 U`_(Lq%5W
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： nj99!"_
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 sZ # Ck"n
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 ZcgSVMqEX
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 |?6r&bT
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 mAh0xgm
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 Qhb].V{utV
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 7Wb:^.d
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puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 qepsR/0M
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 Mp*")N,
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 elCDPZ Tf
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 %;kr%%t%
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 {"l_x]q
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 6>ZUx}vYj
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 8MgoAX,p
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 u"r~5
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 |i'V\"
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英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： qy=4zOOD#
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 u9 rlNmf$
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 4jefU}e9#
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 /gh=+;{
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 X= )Ue
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 ~Twjc I */
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 P]:r'^Yn
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 _#xS1sD
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 !K^.r_0H.
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 =zBcfFii`w
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 o@j]yA.5)
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 so}(*E&(a
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 7?< .L
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 4d3]L`
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bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 VAf"B5 R
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 YL \d2
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 q1 5t7-Z6
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 a5jc8S>
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 R=P=?U.
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 eAN]*: ]g
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 = #]^H c
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 1o\P7P Le
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 lPyGL-Q
