过去分词与形容词的语义差： 2X)n.%4g$;
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things cU[^[;4J<
the destructive power of modern weapons } }Kj b
Damaged: being in a bad state CC~:z/4,N
emotionally damaged children oR1H J2>Z1
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements d siQ~ [
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. )<+t#5"
Respectful: feeling or showing respect zQ=c6xvm8
They listened in respectful silence. y+"6Y14
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Af`qe+0E
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. YR? ujN
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. H[M(t^GM
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. \Aa{] t
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 1OOMqFn} L
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. VHb Q LJ0
Lovable: a sweet lovable child <5t2 +D]]}
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. Al0ls
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. mV'XH
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds }QzF.![~z
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. 2Vwv#NAV k
虚拟语气 _ mJP=+i
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 ":meys6t#
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 =uil3:,[S
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 !*1Kjg3
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) qPvW b1H:
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) $E,,::oJ
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 9:
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不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 H(rK39Q
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) q,% lG$0v
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) $uj3W<iw3E
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 \nbGdka
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 7mT
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2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 VsjE*AJpe
(1)不定式作表语 wOLA 8UYW
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 R[vA%G
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 hVe39BBtO
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 $9@jV<Q1
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 !V O^ oD7
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 ah2L8jN"
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 2qgm(jo *y
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 `"s* 'P398
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 $TZjSZ1w
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. \NF5)] :
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． &peUC n
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 rUxjm\
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 s,|"s|P
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 EF do-.Ax
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 YW7Pimks
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. CB KLct>
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． N?j
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(3)分词作表语 k/,7FDO?m
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： nmWo:ox4;(
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 q445$ndCT
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 n]x%xnt
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 p6AF16*f0
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 vo n<I
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 0?Bv
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pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 9NC?J@&B
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 ( b#4Z
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 B6-1q&
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surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 )N3XbbV
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 Y_=
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Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 h1Nd1h@-
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 *&doI %q
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 1{-yF :A
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 36MNaQt'e
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 6m mc{kw'
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：
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(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 YLv5[pV
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 BF/l#)$yK
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 %V|n2/O
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afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 b_ w(F_0
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 "_
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begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 U(:Di]>{
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 9 GtVcucN
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 @kW RI* m
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 ,FL *Z9wA
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 8}K4M(
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 1O2jvt7M
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 0b}.!k9
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 x5R|,bY
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 $1Qcz,4B|
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 *nSKIDw
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 qF Xx/FZ
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 >Xi/ p$$7u
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 lf\x`3Vd
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 9`tSg!YOh
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 tE<'*o'
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 j
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contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 m,)o&ix1
