考博英语作文背诵经典(带翻译) ;Sy/N||
01 The Language of Music 4Fh&V{`W
A painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see ]DGGcUk7
it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. l&vm[3
Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the 5DmCxg
composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and umqLKf=x!
as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to 10/x'#(
become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for {(_B
musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet fm[_@L%
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dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would +}kO;\
be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice r[6#
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moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to LG"c8Vv&)~
and fro with the right arm -- two entirely different movements. a$~IQ2$|6
Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in $+A%ODv
tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are >0kmRVd
already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner's responsibility xX[?L9RGz
to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties: the N[#iT&@T}/
hammers that hit the strings have to be coaxed not to sound @TdQZZ}G\x
like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. sM#!Xl;
This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student VfQMFb',o
conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it %~][?Y
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should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with T
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fanatical but selfless authority. A4~D#V
Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge -iY9GN89c
and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in /'R UA
the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any nYI/&B{p
century. 7(
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01 音乐的语言 6U;Jg_zS
画家将已完成的作品挂在墙上,每个人都可以观赏到。 作曲家写完了一部作品,得由 5%2ef{T[
演奏者将其演奏出来,其他人才能得以欣赏。因为作曲家是如此完全地依赖于职业歌手和职 业演奏者,所以职业歌手和职业演奏者肩上的担子可谓不轻。 sN6 0o 7.
一名学音乐的学生要想成为 一名演奏者,需要经受长期的、严格的训练,就象一名医科的学生要成为一名医生一样。 绝 大多数的训练是技巧性的。 (eCF>Wh^m
音乐家们控制肌肉的熟练程度,必须达到与运动员或巴蕾舞演 员相当的水平。 歌手们每天都练习吊嗓子,因为如果不能有效地控制肌肉的话,他们的声 qk_p}
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带将不能满足演唱的要求。 弦乐器的演奏者练习的则是在左手的手指上下滑动的同时,用 &&]"Y!r -
右手前后拉动琴弓--两个截然不同的动作。歌手和乐器演奏者必须使所有的音符完全相同协 调。 钢琴家们则不用操这份心,因为每个音符都已在那里等待着他们了。 }2-[Ki yv
给钢琴调音是调 音师的职责。 但调音师们也有他们的难处: 他们必须耐心地调理敲击琴弦的音锤,不能让 ${jA+L<J
音锤发出的声音象是打击乐器,而且每个交叠的音都必须要清晰。如何得到乐章清晰的纹理 *,O
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是学生指挥们所面临的难题:他们必须学会了解音乐中的每一个音及其发音之道。 他们还 pb=jvK
必须致力于以热忱而又客观的权威去控制这些音符。除非是和音乐方面的知识和悟性结合起 来,单纯的技巧没有任何用处。 QVnO
艺术家之所以伟大在于他们对音乐语言驾轻就熟,以致于 可以满怀喜悦地演出写于任何时代的作品。 &