考博英语语法重点总结 )jHH-=JM
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装
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独立主格特征 ayh= @7*
1. 充当句子的状语。 ^2-t|E=
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 o2W^!#]=
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 #0'%51Jcl
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） BSHtoD@e7
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. j- 9Zzgr
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. S Co; Ek
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 7 j8Ou3
真题剖析 9q_c`
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. "ot# g"
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because z` (">J
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. }b=Cv?Zg$m
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be p d(W(-`8!
虚拟语气 G*%:"qleT$
虚拟语气（2） y{Vh?Z<E
1. （should）+动词原形 _BHEK
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Z,7VOf6g
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Sky X\&
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 3H ,?ZFFGz
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 *=(vIm[KL
would rather +动词过去式 M$U Zn
真题剖析 uS7kkzt-x
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … <d~si^*\ch
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t { 3!E8~
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 6|Xe ],u
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded /_</m?&.U&
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. tR(nD UHV5
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take M.\V/OX
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ip!-~HNwJ
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) -{A*`.[v
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should Z7p!Y TA
非谓语动词 IR|#]en
动名词、分词、不定式。 L :Ldk
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) p v]" 2'aQ
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) %"^8$A?>,k
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ZdgzPs "
真题剖析 ^.P CQ~Ql
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. fwNj@fl_,e
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops XI
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. `T{'ufI4B
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative Up5 |tx7
主谓一致 =Y Y 7V!
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 xZA.<Yd^r
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 1>Q4&1Vn
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Z
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 HI7w@V8Ed
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. " = 6kH,
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 Xw 3j(`w$,
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 HoK+g_9~
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). %j.n^7i]^:
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 h"nhDART<
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. b0Dco 0U(
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Ph8@V}80"Y
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） zl( o/n
He no less than John is interested in literature. sNM ]bei
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) -V-I&sO<
Either my father or my brothers are coming.
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 `]^W#6l
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. '6;
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真题剖析 )Xa_ry7
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded.
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some R9!U _RH
倒装 .>z1BP:(
全部倒装 V0BT./ B\<
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” @<`V q
There stand big buildings in this district. '~
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. No)0| C8:
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) &, yF{9$G
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. m2"wMt"*V
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 9!FU,4
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. (Gw*x sn 1
4. 表语位于句首 ul#y'i Y]
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. FvY=!U06
Not far from here is a famous university. } C: i0Q
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 g?Tev^D
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ,SidY\FzH
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ^b$_I31D
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） L9N }lH
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. T~k @Z
部分倒装 T A0 (U$ 4
1. 疑问句 S 3l^h4
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） AH :uG#
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. >$TvCw
3. “only+状语”位于句首 (W J)!
Only when he comes back can be leave. ]WY V
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 _dRB=bl"O
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ]J'TebP=L5
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) 8toOdh
By no means should you break the rules. y: x<`E=
At no time should we give in to difficulties. (Hj [9[=
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 8QK8q: |
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” C1e@{>
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. | T$?vIG[
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
