2014年浙江大学考博真题和参考答案 8`]1Nt!*B
1. 听力 Part A 原文： c|hT\1XR,
In my opinion, technology has become tooadvanced. I am 17-years-old, and I can still remember a time when I did nothave a computer in my home, and if you did, it was uncommon. Not until themid-1990s was it common for（middle class families） to have computers. In our society today, almost every single familyhas at least one computer if not more, and these computers are incrediblyadvanced compared to what you'd have had in your home a short ten years ago.Over the years, I have seen technology bloom; all I have known my entirelifetime, is that there is going to be something bigger, I should really saysmaller, and better （out on the market） in no time. I can't believe how fast manufacturers are coming outwith new technology. What will happen in the future, will technology become soadvanced is changes the course of our humanity? You can do everything you wantfrom a computer, work, play,（talk to friends）, research, and even order food! A person could live their entire lifejammed up in a room with a computer, and they would have access to everythingthey need! It is insane! The advances in communication technology are blowingup all over the place as well. I, myself just bought a new camera phone, andthis phone is amazing. The picture quality is superb, and not only that but I （have accessto the） internet on my PHONE! I can't believe how the cell phone market hasso drastically increased. The first phone I ever had was five years ago, when Iwas 12 years old. That phone today would be considered huge, clunky, heavy, and"old". I personally couldn't even imagine myself walking around withthat phone （without being embarrassed）. It just goes toshow how much things have changed in five years, and people just keep on takingit all in. Every time I have bought a new phone since N3U.62
that point, six months later, I have wanteda new one because my phone was not up to date. Can you believe it, after noteven a year a phone can completely go off the market because it is not advancedenough? The manufacturers are putting these things out faster than people canbuy them. ?7k%4 ~H t
2. 听力 Part B 原文 括号内为答案 It is an honor to speak with you today on theissue of（ public health disparities）. I would first liketo thank the organizations that made this event possible. *f ;">(`o*
This has truly been a collaborative effortamong a diverse group of constituents. I think this sets a positive tone andprecedent for a healthy and spirited discussion. As many of you may know,reforming and improving our health care system is an issue that is close to myheart. I believe that in the richest and most powerful country in the world, weought to be able to provide （basic health care）to all of our citizens. It is vitally important that we lessen theimpact and burden of illness on all people in communities, regardless of race,gender, or religions. Our discussions today are critically important to rectifythe injustices that many people face in our current health care system. Today’ssessions have a greater purpose than mere discussions and networkingopportunities----today’s conference signifies an increased and （necessarycall for action） among our region’s top health professionals. Public health is directly connected topoverty, income, education, and community. We cant’ look at health care in asilo and assume it is only a luxury for the well off. Health care needs to beprovided to all people of all color. We are morally responsible for （improvingthe disparities in health care） because a healthy society is the foundation on which we build ourschools, our neighborhoods, and our economy. Health care is not aprivilege----it is a right. I know we have along road to travel in thiscountry. Let's put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which asmany as 10 million Americans currently suffer--alcoholism. But wait. We'vealready tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquorstores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abilished by anamendment to the Constitution and by a law of Congress. After January 20, 1920,there was supposed to be no more manyfacturing, selling, or transporting of"intoxicating liquors". Without any more liquor, people could notdrink it. And if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There wouldbe no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. Itwas all bery logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did notwork. Why? Because, law or no law,millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to takerisks to get it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits justbecause of a change in the law. And gans of liquor smugglers millions of gallonsof the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican borders. Drinkerswere licky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor.Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a rusult of prohibition.Instead, people drank nore alcohol than ever-often poisoned alcohol. 5vSJjh S
1. Which of the following was NOTcharacteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to theConstitution and the Volstead Act? A |A/)b78'u
a) There would be no further danger to thepublic from alcoholism. b) There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholicbeverages.c) Without liquor, people would not drink. d) People would not become drunk of create apublic nuisance. , z@"pI
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2. During Prohibition, illegal alcoholwas_C___.a) sold openly b) no longer atemptation c) a major factor in thepassage of the Volstead Act d) brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders. }]B H
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3.During Prohibition, people__B__. a) livedin fear of the law b) were willing torisk arrest for the pleasure of liquor c) recklessly endangered their comunities d) were respectful of the legal sanctionsplaced on them V'Z Z4og
4. When enacting the prohibition law,government officials assumend that__D__. a) every American would buy alcoholillegally b) all criminal activities would cease c) patrols of the Canadian border would haltthe sale of alcohol d) the social threat from drunkerness would decline bw[s<z|LKA
5. It can be inferred from the passagethat__A__. a) the Congress was wise to repeal Prohibition b) the Prohibition Era was characterized by adecrease in crime and drunkenness c) during Prohibition, most Americans stoppeddrinking d) laws should be passed to ban the sale of alcoholic beverages DnI31!+y
第三篇 Z
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Aspeople continue to grow and age, our body systems continue to change. At acertain point in your life, your body system began to weaken. Your joint maybecome stiff. It may become more difficult for you to see and hear. The slowchange of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce backfrom disease and injury. In order to live longer, we have always tried to slowor stop this process that leads us toward the end of our lives. Many factors contribute to your health. Awell-balanced diet plays an important role. The amount and type of exercisesyou get is another factor. Your living environment and the amount of stress youare under is yet another. But scientists studying senescence want to know: Whydo people grow old? They hope that by examining the aging process on a cellularlevel medical science may be able to extend the length of life. There is nothing to be afraid of as old ageapproaches. Many consider the later portions of life to be the best time forliving. Physical activity may lessen, but often you gain a broaderunderstanding of yourself and the world. What we consider old age now may only be YEiQ`sYKG
middle-aged someday soon. Who knows with somany advances in medical science happening so quickly, life spans may one daybe measured in centuries, rather than in Tj3xK%K_r3
years! ?nc:B]=pTY
1. When people become aging, they will losesome of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury, “bounce back”here means __A__. A. to improve inhealth after one‟s disease and injury B.to run fast C. to recover from disease and injury D. to jump after recovering _Yqog/sG
2. In order to live longer, ___A___. A. weshould postpone the process of aging B.we should try to do some exercise C. we have to try to be on a diet D. we should keep in high spirits ")xd 'V
3. Why are some scientists interested instudying senescence? ___B___A. They may be able to find better ways to ourlife B. If they pin down the biochemicalprocess that makes us age, there will be hope for extending the length oflife C. They want find out if there is alink between how efficiently a cell could repair itself and how long a creaturelives D. They want to increase thegeneral ability of our bodies WET nrA"N
4. Many consider the later portions of lifeto be the best time of living, because ____A__. A. they have a very goodunderstanding of themselves and the outside world B. they have nothing to do all day long onlyto watch their grandchildren growing up around them C. they have come throughthe battle of life safely D. they consider their life has been a successful one knb 9s `wR
5. According to the passage, “spans” means____B_____. A. a long period of time B.a length of time C. a long distance fromone place to another D. longevity z7$,m#tw
第四篇 Any country has good reasonto want its citizens to be as healthy as possible, since one of its greatestresources is an active population. No country wants its people to sufferunnecessarily from ill health. This wasthe kind of thinking which led to the introduction of a health service in manycountries. In Britain this has developed into a “Welfare State” in which allcitizens, rich and poor alike, can get most health treatment free. The money forthis is partially raised by contributions from employers and employees. As three decades have shown, such automaticarrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the HealthService. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatmentare much greater than was estimated. This means that the people who work forthe Health Service—doctors, nurses and other hospital staff—have much moreroutine work to do and as a result they have little time for preventivemedicine. The Health Service does need more staff—a need that can only be metif more money is made available to it. However, a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many peopleare able to receive expensive treatment which they could never affordthemselves. Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit theirdoctors when they don’t really need to. Because they have so many patients,doctors cannot spend as long with each one as they would like, and some peopleprefer to pay for private treatment so that their doctors can give them moretime. In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free moremoney for treatment to others. q W "
46. In the author’s view, Britain is aWelfare State in that __A__. A. allcitizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some sense B. poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medicaltreatment C. health service is highlydeveloped in Britain D. Britain doesn’tallow its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health W[4 V#&Z
47. We can infer from the passage that__B__. A. the Health Service isintroduced to many other countries by Britain B. the Health Service has been introduced and developed for 30 years inBritain C. an active population is thegreatest resource in Britain D. allcitizens in Britain have a good opinion of the Health Service Yb? L:,a(I
48. The best title for the passage would be__D__. A. A Welfare State B. Importance of the Health Service C. Disadvantages of the Health Service D. The Health Service z-g"`w:Lj
49. The author mentions that some wealthypeople prefer to pay for private treatment because __C__. A. their doctors can give them more timeleave from work B. those doctors havebetter medical instruments C. they mightsave some money for the poor D. theirdoctors have a stronger sense of responsibility for the patients $AyE6j_1gX
50. The word “abused” (Par. 4) means__B__. A. destroyed B. used in wrong way C. ignored D. wasted % Ix
五汉译英（25分） l'm\ *=3
2013年12月份以来，中国25个省份、100多座大中城市再次遭遇雾霾侵袭。北京、上海、南京等相继沦陷为雾霾重灾区，湖北、浙江、湖南、江苏、安徽等地雾霾天创下历史纪录。国家气象局数据显示，今年以来中国平均雾霾天数已经创出52年来之最。 E,wOWs*
虽然政府部门采取了工业企业关停减产的措施应对雾霾肆虐，但收效甚微，雾霾正在对人们的生活产生越来越多的负面效应：学校停课、汽车限行、高速封闭。而更让有关部门尴尬的是，制造出雾霾的空气污染物来源，目前仍然是一个迷。 i+XHXpk
自京津冀频繁发生雾霾起，几年过去了，对于其形成的具体原因暂无定论。大多数的专家给出答案，重污染天气形成的主要原因有二：污染物排放总量过大和不利气象条件。具体看来，长三角周边更多为化工、水泥等企业，其工业废气组成更为复杂。当然，问题的复杂性从来不是延缓解决方案的借口。在历经了京津冀地区的雾霾恐慌后，今年9月国务院出台了《大气污染防止行动计划》，涉及包括京津冀、长三角和珠三角在内的重点控制区的水泥、化工等六大重污染行业以及燃煤工业锅炉的新建项目。 q:a-td v2
从目前学界的研究来看，PM2.5的治理绝非易事。这样的长期计划要先布局，再行动，最后是对企业发力。类比国外相关案例，上个世纪四五十年，无论是代洛杉矶雾霾爆还是伦敦雾霾事件，最后都是在政府和企业合力后，达成协议，最后以《清洁空气法》等法案的形式完成监督。 'OjsV$_
