西南大学博士入学考试英语试题(2012) %
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Part I Vocabulary (10 points) ~Snw':
Directions: In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there *=sU+x&X
are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the ;ib~c,
following sentences. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet gq0gr?
1. A broadcasting station will sometimes to its listeners a programme which +'KM~c?]
it has received from another station. 7P \sn<
. B[$SA-ZHi
A. rely B. relay C. relate D. reside qh&K{r*T
2. The United Nations Conference on Drug Abuse, which took place earlier this year )b-G2< kb
in Vienna, was a very meeting. FCP5EN
A. productive B. overwhelming C. compulsory D. protective |BW956fBU
3. A person who studies ___ learns how to express numbers approximately and 6XG+YIG6w
how to calculate ratios and averages. p5[uVRZ
A. static B. statistic C. statistics D. status ?_^9e
4. If you ______ someone, you form a fixed general idea or image of them so that 5$#<z1M.&
you assume that they will behave in a particular way. DMf9wB
A. assimilate B. simulate C. stereotype D. subordinate xp&I~YPH
5. Reading ______ the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that tou^p-)GQ|
makes what we read ours. ^{Vm,nAQqs
A. rectifies B. prolongs C. furnishes D. minimizes o j^U
6. Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when _____ in the middle [cH/Y2[
of the Pacific, businessman can contact their offices as if they were next door. '*-SvA\Cx
A. gliding B. cruising C. piloting D. patrolling 4Cfwz
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7. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly NKGCz|-
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from _______ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars. dKMuo'H'%
A. configuration B. constitution C. condemnation D. contamination Wu}Co
8. Scientists, who are now aware of how nautiluses regulate their buoyancy, have "d#s|_n,d)
been able to dispel ideas about these creatures. <AIsN
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A. erroneous B. misdemeanors C. misgivings D. misdirection &B.r&K&
9. History has demonstrated that countries with different social systems and q{@Wn]!k
ideologies can join hands in meeting the common challenges to human _____ and %z.G3\s0
development. IM#+@vv
A. evolution B. survival C. rivalry D. dignity c]LH.
10. To avoid an oil shortage, we should advocate that more machines must _____ of e}?t[aK4#
life in a short time, and this made others astonished.
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A. accelerate B. operate C. generate D. utilize sDF J
11. Japanese leaders aboard the U. S. battleship Missouri and signed the ____ 226s:\d
surrender, which ended World War Two in 1945. @<2pYIi8
A. conditional B. infinite C. everlasting D. unconditional }Q%>Fv
12. It is a _____ that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people who kal8k-$#
could hardly keep their body and soul together. l:ED_env:
A. hypothesis B. paradox C. conflict D. dispute WLpn,8qsY
13. The _____ effects of many illnesses made him a weak man and he still didn’t ?1{`~)"
want to do sports every day. XX F9oy8
A. cumulative B. formidable C. eternal D. prospective Dux`BKl
14. The robbers broke into the bank, _____ the clerics with revolvers and forced them -Z Z$
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to give money just as they were about to knock off. ?yz%r`;r
A. shot B. frightened C. amused D. menaced qYh,No5\;t
15. This pair of boots cost much less than yours for I bought them when the RpXQi*c0
department store made a _____ of the stored goods. SUEw5qitB
A. clearance B. reduction C. fortune D. deal Y1~SGg7(@
16. Technology has _____ the sharing information and the storage and delivery of H>r-|*n
information, thus making more information available to more people. lVFX@I =pI
A. formulated B. facilitated C. furnished D. functioned `%Ghtm *
17. Language, culture and personality may be considered _____ of each other I thought, /;0>*ft4
but they are inseparable in fact. TAi\#cnl(6
A. indistinctly B. separately C. irrelevantly D. independently g IKm
18. More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mother Pjy?&;GvT
tongue and _____ to the Roman Catholic faith. !$?@;}=
A. caters B. adheres C. ascribes D. subscribes YfalsQ8
19. There are not many teachers who are strong _____ of traditional methods in ~Qsj)9
English teaching. 3oKGeB;Ja
A. sponsors B. contributors C. advocates D. performers Rf^cw}jU
20. The ______ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in JXAyF6
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understanding the universe. &>jkfG
A. essence B. content C. texture D. threshold >(rB[ZJ
Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points) _HK&KY
Directions: l!y
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Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. ]*@$%iCPE
There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by t/ 1NTa
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices =QfKDA
marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on 9/M!S[N9
the Answer Sheet. qtN29[x
Spread across the United States are about 500,000 doctors, cheeked by jowl, in the <`3(i\-X
big cities and thin on the ground in isolated small towns. In June 1986, the secretary EM*OrUe
of health and human services, Dr. Otis Bowen, passed on a view of his experts: 5%-15% #<PdZl R
of America’s 500,000 doctors should be candidates for disciplinary action, many of #}(Df&
them because of drug taking or alcoholism. Others give their patients poor care +I n"OR%
because they are senile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with a~7osRmp0
developments in medicine. xUpb1R
The granting, or withdrawal, of licenses to practice is in the hands of state medical m#$za7
boards, but they are overwhelmed with complaints and lack the money to handle even RM1uYFs<
a fraction of them. Recently, however, things have been changing. In 1985, 406 -ikuj
doctors lost their licenses (compared with 255 in 1984), nearly 500 were placed on x2sOEkcQ
probation and nearly 1,000 received reprimands or had their right to practice curtailed. .4W>9
8
The federal inspector general demanded, and won the right far the states and the 6a7iLQA
federal government, which provide health care for the elderly and for the poor under yn[ZN-H~
the Medicare and Medicaid programme, to refuse payment to the doctors considered 9sj W
unsatisfactory. KdJx#Lc
Yet putting these powers into practice is proving to be far from easy. O f the 35 w%dIe!sV
doctors so far denied reimbursement from Medicare, almost all work in lightly XHM"agrhSQ
populated rural areas. O n March 27th, their indignation and that of their patients were }l?_Cfvu
a sympathetic hearing by the Senate Finance Committee. Rural doctors may not be as T;r];Y(b*
up to date as those in the big towns, but they are often the only source of medical help 25c!-.5D
for miles around and their patients are loyal to them. Members of the review boards, B;]5,`#!
which are paid by the government, insist, however, that elderly and poor people wLN2`ucC
should not be forced to receive (and the state to pay for) inferior care. @1&;R
An innovation is on the horizon in Texas, the most under-doctored state in the wv.Ulrpx.
country (with only one doctor for every 1,100 residents). Lubbock University is 6a?$=y
setting up a computer network that will enable country doctors to obtain medical Y0yO`W4
expertise and access to medical records in a hurry. The aim is to reduce the isolation pb6^sA%l
of the country doctors and thus, in the long run, to attract more young doctors to rural {&EZ>r-
areas. zO5u{
21. The main topic of the passage is . )g:,_ 1s)|
A. the present situation of American doctors .hlQ?\
B. the legislation on rural medical services rKQASRF5*
C. the problems of country doctors and possible solutions Ipz
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D. some factors of disqualification of country doctors #O9*$eMw
22. According to the text, disciplinary action should be taken against those who +#uNQ`1v
give patients poor care because of the following reasons EXCEPT . +:]Aqyc\
A. taking drugs and drinking alcohol
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B. feeling remorse of their bad behavior B.mbKntK)R
C. being professional unskillful *Qg5Z
D. being sick and conservative f;Bfh3
23. Which of the following is true about the unfit doctors? Q_kT}6#(J=
A. 1,500 doctors were deprived of the right to practice medicine. =tc`:!$
B. The federal government has got the right to deny reimbursement to those Cj !i)-
unqualified doctors.
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C. Almost all the doctors who fail to get payment from Medicare work in !0OD(XT
densely populated urban areas. RZ|HwYG
D. Patients in the rural areas complain about the poor treatment their doctors
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give them. <p^*Ydx
24. It can be inferred from the text that in the near future . 2z.8rNwT
A. there will be more qualified doctors in rural areas -7k|6"EwM
B. there will be an even more serious imbalance of the number of rural and hC|5e|S
urban doctors NMl ?Y uEv
C. country doctors are competitive in breaking medical records c?.r"5#
D. more patients will go to rural areas for medical treatment ]g
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25. The paragraph following the text would probably discuss . \)^,PA3
A. problems of urban doctors N)y^</
Ya
B. other solutions to improve the present situation ]&C:>
C. research in medical science Ha)3i{OM
D. reduction of staff in rural hospitals I&pr_~.
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. .DDg%z
Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in 3$?9uMl#
inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. O ne micron is a NK7H,V}T
thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped 5)d,G
9
bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally 4_Qa=T8
one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, s[G|q5n
it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same a^*cZ?Ta
amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall. k9}Q7) @
Even with an ordinal microscopy, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a T-a&e9B
magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or u}K5/hC
dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can aBXYri
see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella. l |08
Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the @-'/__c
gt
water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while xwTijSj
others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism. LP^p~5Az
From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is wGEWr2$
to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small V";mWws+?#
that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. :/o C:z\h
Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in K0tV'Ml#"
the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this ![*:.CW
way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules 0JmFQ^g(
around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella ,>D ja59
are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment. @%6)^]m}
r
26. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? r_b8,I6{]
A. The characteristics of bacteria _*O7l
B. How bacteria reproduce Z5((1J9
C. The various functions of bacteria d{er|$E?
D. How bacteria contribute to disease Oo FgQEr@
27. Bacteria are measured in __________. "6?lQw
e
A. Inches !Tv?%? 2l
B. Centimeters /_]ltX D
C. Microns [/
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D. millimeters ?q\FLb%"7
28. Which of the following is the smallest? 3\;v5D:
A. A p inhead j]rXoV>
B. A rounded bacterium oFWt(r
C. A microscope dVa!.q_3
D. A rod-shaped bacterium Ve)ClH/DW
29. According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a
?N:B
microscope that magnifies 100 times would see ___________. *D2Nm9sl
A. tiny dots <"<Mbbp
B. small “hairs” Y=r!2u6r~
C. large rods hw;0t,1
D. detailed structures =/[ltUKs:a
30. The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to yH^f\u0
which of the following? cv2]*
A. A rider jumping on a horse’s back t#Th9G]1
B. A ball being hit by a bat R~)ybf{
C. A boat powered by a motor S.{fDcM
D. A door closed by a gust of wind. 1pK6=-3w3
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Jm4#V~w
Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from w!\3ICB
individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. _K'7(d0z
Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon 9RH"d[%yc}
monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical, reactions with v9=}S\=Cd
hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a $/+so;KD
growing, realization that the only effective way to achieve, further reductions in l;OYUq~F
vehicle emissions-short of a massive shift away from the private automobile-is to 6gnbkpYi
replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner burning fuels such as Z0-ytODII
compressed natural gas liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol. 1_uvoFLk
All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and eJHp6)2
simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in mk%b9Ko<F
part because they have fewer, if and, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydrocarbons they 6W&_2a7*
do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of large molecules, which oaK.kOo
have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reactions. Q8q@Y R#
These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely
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to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the IxOc':/jY
atmosphere. O n the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed ]!Ou
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natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of heavy fuel tanks-a serious je%l dY]/@
liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency and liquefied petroleum gas faces :HRT 2I
fundamental limits on supply. ?'eq",c#4N
Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other 8.QSqW7t
carbon-based alternative fuels; they have hither energy content per volume and would CE ~@}
`
require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is 4r&f%caU
commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive +BL{@,zr
as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’s most -:<lkq&/
attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle | kXm}K
emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant. iidT~l
Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is FJ54S
based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest XN;&qR^j
design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for Q`ME@vz
example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy q/PNJ#<
that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to &;c>O
be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be (dqCa[
designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fueled with QR0(,e$Dl
methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the asVX82<
simplest of the Engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still o6a0'vU><
contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution. ,SUT~oETP
31. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with __________. I:l01W;
A. countering a flawed argument that dismisses a possible solution to a problem. Kct@87z
B. reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problem. KpHw-6"
C. identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problem. nP3
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D. discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it. ny
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32. According to the passage, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with FX}Gt=
gasoline than with an alternative fuel because: __________. 5,)vJ,fs
A. the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons. 4aUiXyr*2
B. the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate series of reactions. 5(m(xo6
C. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure. iE].&>w
D. gasoline is composed of small molecules. 646JDX[o
33. The passage suggests which of the Following about air pollution? 6 %Mt
A. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not Cu;5RSr2Z
help lower urban air-pollution levels. ?-)I+EAnE
B. Attempts to reduce the pollutions that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicle jgv`>o%<W
emits have been largely unsuccessful. i^msjA
C. Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants L%"LlSg
emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles. Vvp[P>
D. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical source |{>ER,<-
of urban air pollution. }<a^</s
34. The author describes which of the following as the most appealing feature of !69&Ld
methanol?
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A. It is substantially less expensive than ethanol. 8^/I>0EZ
B. It could be provided to consumers through the existing motor fuel distribution WJH\~<{mP
system. c2nKPEX&5
C. It has a higher energy content than other alternative fuels. mHc>"^R
D. Its use would substantially reduce ozone levels. dt@P>rel
35. It can be inferred that the author of the passage most likely regards the criticism Qn@Pd* DR
of methanol in the last paragraph as __________. %EbPI)yY3
A. flawed because of the assumptions on which it is based. Mj#-j/{x{5
B. inapplicable because of an inconsistency in the critics’ arguments. XRx+Dddt;
C. misguided because of its exclusively technological focus. @gC=$A#
D. invalid because it reflects the personal bias of the critics. +ZMls
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Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. t_^X$pL
Tests of reaction times seemed to back up the notion that the two hemispheres )SF}2?7e
differed in their processing styles. Researchers used to believe that an image goes to x+8_4>,>Y7
one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the brain. If the nature of the Ysq'2
stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match up, then the person can respond ?'86d_8
slightly more quickly and accurately in identifying the local or global image. S{pXs&4O
Still more startling, researchers found that the same appeared to hold for the brains U4f5xUY0)
of chimps and perhaps other primates. The assumption has always been that c#-U%qZ
handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits---part of the great brain fZ04!R
reorganization that allowed our ancestor to use tools, speak and perhaps even think kft#R#m
rationally. But handedness is now widely claimed for primates and even birds, 3s\.cG?`r
amphibians and whales. And in the past few years, some psychologists have tested 0R{dNyh{
chimps and baboons and suggested their two hemispheres also differ in processing 3vhnwD
cK
style. "Ve.cP,7(
Now researchers have come to see the distinction between the two hemispheres as wO ?+Nh
a subtle one of processing style, with every mental faculty shared across the brain, and m8'C_U^89
each side contributing in a complementary, not exclusive, fashion. A smart brain \%PaceH
became one that simultaneously grasped both the foreground and the background of p&+;w
the moment Tc8un.
The next problem was to work out exactly how the brain manages to produce eP*lI<NQ1
these two contrasting styles. Many researchers originally looked for the explanation in Y<1QY?1sd
a simple wiring difference within the brain. This theory held that neurons in the left JJ;[,
cortex might make sparse, short-range connections with their neighbors, while cells yFDv6yJ.
on the other side would be more richly and widely connected The result would be that 06$!R/K
the representation of sensations and memories would be confined lo smallish, discrete u[nyW3MZ
areas in the left hemisphere, while exactly the same input to a corresponding area of @-UL`+
the right side would form a sprawling even impressionistic pattern of activity. DXz}YIEC
Supporters of this idea argued that these structural differences would explain why ]|`Cuc
left brain language areas are so good at precise representation of words and word 64hk2a8
sequences while the right brain seems to supply a wider sense of context and meaning. :ba5iMa
A striking finding from some people who suffer right-brain stokes is that they can 3nZo{p:E
understand the literal meaning of sentences-their l eft brain can still decode the t#q<n:WeYU
words-- -but they can no longer get jokes or allusions. Asked to explain even a !rqF}d
common proverb, such as “a stitch in time saves nine”, they can only say it must have ;&1V0U,fx
something to do with sewing. An intact right brain is needed to make the more playful KII *az
connections. _.L4e^N&UO
36. The local or global image is more quickly and accurately identified in the brain 3p0LN'q]A
if _______. PRz/inru-
A. tests of reaction times back up the notion of the two hemispheres f=)2f=
B. an image goes to one hemisphere first, and then to the opposite side of the *S/_i-ony
brain JV;OGh>
C. the nature of the stimulus and the preference of the hemisphere match up
6Cn+e.j@
D. the person can match the image with an object ]Dw]p!@
37. Handedness and brain asymmetry are strictly human traits, as is shown in [B+W%g(c-
________. 4~B>
9<$e>
A. the brains of chimps and perhaps other primates 27;ci:5
B. the fact that the great brain reorganization allowed our ancestor to use tools OE}*2P/M>
C. the fact that human beings alone can use tools, speak and think rationally lsJnI|
D. the two brain hemispheres of chimps and baboons ANgw"&&>(
38. According to the text, a smart brain has all the following characteristics lbpq_=
EXCEPT _________.
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A. with different processing style \hB5@e4i2
B. with shared mental faculty V7/I>^X
C. each side contributing in a complementary 'Fmvu
D. grasping the foreground and the background of the moment Y.*y9)#S6
39. What is the problem of the people who suffer right-brain strokes? 0{=`on;
A. They can hardly understand the literal meaning of sentences. *8LMn
B. Their left brain can still decode the words. xD6@Qk
C. They do not understand the common proverb “a stitch in time saves nine”. L21VS ,#I
D. They cannot grasp the meaning of jokes or allusions. B>2tZZko
40. The best title for the text may be __________. f"<O0Qw
A. Left Brain, Right Brain /n>qCuw
B. The Local of Global Image K"r*M.P>
C. Human Brain and Animal Brain ?]*^xL;x?
D. The Smart Brain uuQ(&
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. 1R,:
(此文不全) |9B.mBoX
The Du Pont Company, the 13th largest employer in the U.S., routinely gives 8?%-'z.
pre-employment blood tests to all blacks who apply for jobs to determine who might
YxP&7oq
be a carrier of the trait for sickle-cell anemia, even though the trait is regarded as >"C,@cN}B
largely harmless. Although there are other genetically transmitted blood diseases and R00eisd
metabolic disorders that predominate in racial or ethnic groups, blacks are the only .,OVzW
ones to be identified with a disease and examined for it at Du Pont. In a three month 9M:O0
) s
study of genetic screening in the American lace, the New York Times found no nX=$EQiH
other instance of an ethnic or racial group singled out in or company. BG<q IQd
Du Pont officials emphasize that the sickle trait tests do not represent discrimination T3^GC X|!@
and are only an effort to help them avoid potentially harmful exposure to certain 9<>wIl*T`
chemicals. Yet the officials can offer no firm evidence that the trait -- not the disease, (Tbw3ENz
but only a single abnormal gene -- makes blacks more vulnerable. #*
KNPh
Du Pont, which employs well over 100,000 workers, is in the vanguard of American dUQDOo
companies doing genetic screening and thus is at the center of the debate over this D}mjN=Y
area of science, debate so intense, so broad, that even medical directors from other WS`qVL]^&
companies who believe possibilities of genetic screening want no part of it. At }&[
least, not now but officials at Du a leader in the chemical industry with annual w$Rro)?}7
gross sales of more than $ 10 billion, feel they have the money and the scientists to NB8/g0:=n&
turn the distrust into achievement. If some chemicals are highly toxic and the H(Z88.OM
workplace is less than pure, company officials reason, it is only logical to try to Gy6l<:;
determine why some workers get sicker faster and why others seem to have more ]4pkcV
P
tolerance for industrial poisons. And so the company is looking beyond the skills and @g&ct>@y
loyalty of its workers to ery genetic structure. eY|
The sickle-cell trait is not the same as sickle-cell anemia. The anemia is rare but sL\L"rQN6
debilitating disorder found in fewer than 50,000 American blacks, about two-tenths of pNKhc#
-w
a percent of the black population. Perhaps two million other blacks are carriers of /|D*w^>
the trait -- they are heterozygous; that ing a gene for sickle-cell , T8>}U(
anemia from one parent. Virtually all the carriers can lead very active lives and show {\:{[{qF
no symptoms of the disease. 5Er2}KZJv,
41. What does the author say about Du Pont? E6pMT^{K
A. It examined the blood of some blacks DKBSFm{~Q
B. It examined some blacks for their knowledge of blood. L:i-BI`J
C. It discovered that some blacks have blood illness. lp(8E6
D. It discovered the blood of some blacks containing industrial chemicals. ce7CcHQ?B
42. What do Du Pont officials say? w.\&9]P3~
A. They are trying to protect blacks form health threats. `pGa~!vl
B. They can prove that blacks are likely to have health problems. OUhqMVX9C
C. They regard the skills of workers as the most important matter. z}MP)|aH:
D. They hope that other companies can follow their example. 'coV^~qy
43. What is true about genetic screening? Bi
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A. It often aims at black employees. `#;e)1
B. Its focus is often on sickle-cell anemia. .~l=zu
C. Some companies do not want to do it. B Z?.D_bu
D. The US government strongly supports it. UOxkO
44. The underlined word “toxic” in the third paragraph probably means _____. v%iof1 T'
A. powerful. f)^_|8
B. complex. Ljp%CI[i
C. thick. w%JTTru
D. poisonous. =5(>q5Z*
45. What can we learn about the carriers of sick-cell trait? yFtd=AI'E
A. Their number is about 50,000. `Ch9~*p
B. They usually seem to have normal lives. SV~cJ]F
C. They include over half of the black population. \
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b
D. They do not seem to be affected by industrial chemicals.
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Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. mjKS{
Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens B(n{e53 9f
spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group .ZJRO>S
Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents. +h r@#n4A
Shocked at how much money kids spend? Maybe you haven’t cheeked the price tX>
G,hw
tags lately on some of the younger generation’s must-haves. )~HUo9K9
To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem hNH'XQxO
outrageous. Why do some parents give in? \l]DQaOEe
One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. According Cc%LztP>
to the group Adbusters, teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements j ~1B|,H
each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music-,and ;3B1_vo9
skin-filled shows on MTV and y o u’ve got a barrage of messages telling kids what they vM*($qpAy
should own if they want to fit in. 5yzv|mrx
“The pressures on parents today are enormous,” says Tom Vogele, a single father ,Qe?8En[
of twin 18-year-old girls in Newport Beach, Calif. “I truly believe it is harder today to /Q2mMSK1h
raise children without spoiling them, not because parents are less capable or lazy, but X0haj~o[
because so many forces are working against me.” w(/aiV
Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids, t\%HX.8[;%
says Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at }}>q2y
Christopher Newport University in Virginia. For some, there is probably some guilt ,z-}t&
_t
involved in not spending enough time at home. But, adds Marshall, spending money AigS!-
is also often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball games nysUZB
or other activities. Y[$!`);Ye
“It’s easier to say let’s go out and spend some money, in terms of finding time in a * Of4o
busy schedule to spend with kids,55 Marshall said. ysQ,)QoiR{
For many families, of course, keeping up with their children’s costly demands for :QB<?HaS'
designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility. Even for those b/{t|io{
families who can afford such lavish spending, striking a compromise between spoiling hR
Ue<0o:
the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible. QUQu^p
Teaching kids how to budget and save is key, Marshall says. Instead of just giving .QN>z-YA6:
children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how wT:b\km:!
they can save up for whatever they want, he says. Xt@Z}B))pu
And don’t be afraid to just say no, Marshall adds. “We need to step up and tell N=QfP
kids where the boundaries are, that is parts of our responsibility as parents,” he said. glF; eT
46. In the first paragraph, “Northbrook” is most probably _______. {O`w,dMOI
A. a market research company based in Illinois D~$r\]av
B. a spokesman for the Teenage Research Unlimited NH<5*I/
C. the base of the Teenage Research Unlimited <\pfIJr$
D. the city where the spending survey was carried out. viMzR(JU
47. Some people find it outrageous that . T2!6(,
s9
A. some parents indulge their children in extravagant spending 7|[mz> "d
B. some younger generation’s must-haves could cost so much B9H@
e#[
C. some parents are ignorant about their children’s spending "t_-f7fS7
D. some children disregard their notorious spending habits U2wbv Xr5-
48. What is the effect of marketing through mass media? nY`RRC
A. It fills the market with ads beyond the young’s understanding. Hr]h
Jc
B. It directs not only the trend but also the ways of advertising. y10h#&k
C. It stuffs all kinds of ads into TV shows and radio programs. 26k LhFS
D. It triggers young people’s desire to keep up with the trend. 0 SNIYkGE
49. According to Marshall, parents prefer to spend money on their children mainly ,]cD
because __. ~tR~?b T
A. they can’t afford the time to stay with their children. j(k:
@
B. they want to make up their guilt for their children. 4@ML3d/
C. they find it more convenient than going out with the children. S&\L-@
D. they feel it is hard to raise children without indulging them ##V5-ZG{:
50. What does Marshall think parents should do with the children’s spending $a"n1ou
habit? E8n)}[k!0
A. They should refuse to pay for their lavish spending. T|dY
2
B. They should restrain the children’s spending within limits. [zlN!.Z
C. They should be responsible for providing for the children. *EZHJt9
D. They should draw up a budget plan for the children. ulkJR-""&
Part III Cloze (10 points) )Ib<F7v
Directions: cgm~>
It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. ]b%Hy
This is only true if you pursue it _51_. Gamblers at Monte Carlo are pursuing money, [I$BmGQ
and most of them lose it instead, but there are other ways of pursuing money, which <p\6AnkMr
often _52_. So it is with happiness. If you pursue it _53_ drink, you are forgetting the |*'cF-lp6v
hang-over. Epicurus pursue it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry .Jrqm
bread, __54_ by a little cheese on feast days. His method proved successful in his case, 0DmMG
but he was a valetudinarian, and most people would need something more _55_. For 8rMX9qTO@
most people, the pursuit of happiness, _56_ supplemented in various ways, is too =|%Cu&
Read the following text. Choose the best word((s) for each numbered pm\x~3jHs
bland and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet. gUpb
4uN
abstract and theoretical to be _57_ as a personal rule of life. But I think that _58_
IuOgxm~Y
personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and heroic cases, be u#V5
?i
_59_ with happiness. C0
/g1;p(
There are a great many people who have all the _60_ conditions of happiness, i.e. 3&[>u;B
p
health and a sufficient income, and who, _61_, are profoundly unhappy. In such cases M5*{
it would seem as if the _62_ must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one ,>:;#2+og
sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong. We imagine ourselves 3'c0#h@VD
more different from the animals than we are. Animals live on _63_, and are happy as H*Kj3NgY
long as external conditions are _64_. If you have a cat it will enjoy life if it has food P~G 1EK|4
and warmth and opportunities for an _65_ night on the tiles. Your needs are more f"9q^
complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. In civilized +AHUp)
societies, especially in English-speaking societies, this is too _66_ to be forgotten. $T`<Qq-r
People proposed to themselves some one paramount objective and _67_ all impulses N^pJS6cJkl
that do not minister to it. A business man may be so _68_ to grow rich that to this end `xywho%/Y
he _69_ health and private affections. When at last he has become rich, no _70_ `S2[5i
remains to him except harrying other people by exhortations to imitate his noble BVr0Gk
example. &g.+V/<[
51. A. eagerly B. reasonably C. reluctantly D. =9z[[dQ|L
unwisely Yb/i{@AJ
52. A. s ucceed B. enrich C. win D. 59%tXiO
defeat AwTJJ0>
53. A. at the expense of B. by means of C. in need of D. for j~+>o[c
fear of y-j\zK
54. A. compensated B. supplemented C. accompanied D. 8:#rA*Y
accumulated }
yJ$SR]t
55. A. prosperous B. rigorous C. vigorous D. ]]&M@FM2z
gorgeous ~-dV^SO
56. A. e ven B. though C. unless D. if >zhO7,=,
57. A. extravagant B. deficient C. excessive D. Ojt`^r !V
adequate * 0|IXGr
58. A. w hatever B. whenever C. however D. }j^\(2
whosever ?APeR,"V
59. A. incomparable B. incompatible C. incapable D. `"@g8PWe
incredible '/$d0`3B>
60. A. spiritual B. material C. economical D. social OI?K/rn
61. A. nevertheless B. therefore C. otherwise D. hence PIWux{
62. A. flaw B. error C. defect D. fault \
MmI`$
63. A. intelligence B. imitation C. impulse D.
>^Yq|~[
impression -CR?<A4mud
64. A. vulnerable B. conceivable C. endurable D. hTM[8 ~<^
favorable V~hlq$jn<Y
65. A. e nthusiastic B. occasional C. indifferent D. ;i"*Ll>Q)
underlying }#qGqY*@LK
66. A. abrupt B. absurd C acute D. apt VL/|tL>E^
67. A. hinder B. restrain C. refrain D. BA:yQ
abolish ZWm8*}3]7_
68. A. a nxious B. obvious C. suspicious D. yY&3p1AxW]
cautious Qq@G\eRo
69. A. abandons B. cherishes C. sacrifices D. ]/!<PF
reconciles =1u@7Bh
70. A. p leasure B. property C. wealth D. M#4QQ} F.
opportunities 3VUWX5K?
Part IV English-Chinese Translation (15 points) uU> wg*m
Directions: Read the following passage into Chinese and write your answers on the #!9
S}b$
Answer xxm%u9@s
The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. The gxT4PQDy
first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy /% I7Vc
trains running at high speeds. Railroad executives wanted to replace them with steel ; h`0ir4[A
rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty limes longer. H%1$,]F
Before the 1870’s, however, steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made C'!;J
by a slow and expensive process of heating, stirring, and reheating iron ore. { K_kPgKS
Sheet. %"X-&1vV
Then the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered that directing a blast of air at ~fa(=.h
melted iron in a furnace would burn out the impurities that made the iron brittle. As M^7MU}5w
the air shot through the furnace, the bubbling metal would erupt in showers of sparks. ooj~&fu
When the f ire cooled, the metal had been changed, or converted, to steel. The 8LI-gp\ 2
Bessemer converter made possible the mass production of steel. Now three to five `Rdm-[&
tons of iron could be changed into steel in a matter of minutes. 0vGyI>
Part V Chinese-English Translation (15 points) 20TCG0%x
Directions: Translate the following short paragraphs into English and write your -L3|&