英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 DTd qwe6pi
1. 充当句子的状语。 $
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 e%=SgXl2t
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 w,<n5dMv
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) '_91 (~P
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. hw B9N
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ,"?8
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). v*OT[l7
真题剖析 bq}`jP~#
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. nM!_C-yX
45. A. For @F|pKf:M+
B. As dvAz}3p0]
C. With Fc^!="H
D. Because rX?%{M,xFw
练习： q0n IJ(
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. =8Z-ORW51
8. A. is ]na$n[T/I
B. having xi)$t#K"
C. being ?YF2Uc8z%2
D. be j.\0p-,
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 5>VX]nE3!
1. (should)+动词原形 Q&w"!N
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 *rYPjk6g[
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 A~< cp)E
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 R.YUU
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 RW<4",
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 G(bl ) p^
would rather +动词过去式 4Zn [F^p
真题剖析 0 0yWk_w
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ^AoX|R[1%
47. A. do I]WvcDJ}C
B. did <s$Jj> <
C. don’t e Wr6@
D. didn’t #JN4K>_4
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. $Xqc'4YOZ
53. A. ordered lcVG<*gf-
B. pleaded 7R,;/3wWjG
C. decided \~ l "
D. demanded ST,+]p3L(
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. :`uu[^
15. A. took . "7-f]!
B. would take |\94 a
C. will take [p]UM;+
D. should take e7plL^^`
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ,R=$ qi|
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) t$?#@8Yk
54.A. shall { _Y'%Ggh
B.will ^AERGB\36
C.would -z%
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D.should >:BgatyPH
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 q d:"LS
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) fUZCP*7>
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 1K'cT\aFm
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 s4 Vju/
真题剖析 XEN-V-Z%*
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. MM( ,D&
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60. A. dropped (!Xb8rV0_
B. to drop 6X$nZM|g,
C. dropping lA`-"
D.drops 9E|QPT
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 7uO tdH+
59. A. destructive Ds{bYK_y
B. dissatisfied 2X(2O':Uc
C. damaged +U?7
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D. derivative Mgu9m8
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 =F dFLrx~l
How you got there doesn’t concern me. u=E &j L5U
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 9Vt6);cA-]
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 mxe\+j#
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. X7gB.=\X
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 XXQC`%-]<i
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 4#I=n~8a
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). "cbJ{ G1pk
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ~bis!(}p-
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. QD1&"T<.d.
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) r]k ks_!Z
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Z+4Mo*#
He no less than John is interested in literature. ;2^zkmDM
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 5r;)P
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. v i[~Qt
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 nppSrj?
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Cn.dv
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真题剖析 ]n$ v ^
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. BL%&n*&
53. A. none "kucFf f
B. few r8A'8g4cM
C. any `eGp.[ffT
D. some <YWu/
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 % 5BSXAc
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ; ]rj Kc=
There stand big buildings in this district. [ .3Gb}B
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 2 m72PU<.
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Q"qJ 0f)
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. j\.e6&5%SS
