考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 GK;IY=8W  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 BkP4.XRI  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 .osG"cS  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ]E)\>Jb  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) DP;:%L}  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.  n(|rs  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. =zu;npM  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ydA@@C\&  
　　真题剖析 qoZ)"M  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. OZC yg/K  
　　45. A. For 
e<(6x[_  
　　B. As u-tD_U
Ick  
　　C. With f:y1eLl3  
　　D. Because (&v,3>3]  
　　练习： wX_~H*m?  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 9|[uie  
　　8. A. is ALcPbr  
　　B. having Go^TTL  
　　C. being hgzNEx%^q  
　　D. be {jH'W)nR  
jVZ<i}h0B  

e /1x/v'  
二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 aEh9za  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 Iqn (NOq^[  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ^\kH^  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 -(>Ch>O  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 d0C _:_  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 KV$4}{  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 SWY  
　　would rather +动词过去式 biBMd(6  
　　真题剖析 <pjxJ<1l  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … eO(U):C2  
　　47. A. do A0U
9,M  
　　B. did erbk(  
　　C. don’t &6 <a<S  
　　D. didn’t UV0[S8A  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. Dg"szJ-   
　　53. A. ordered FpU8$o~r{  
　　B. pleaded m{?f,Q=u@  
　　C. decided ;gSRpTS:  
　　D. demanded Hk@Gkx_  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. B>m*!n:l  
　　15. A. took 'P" i9j  
　　B. would take P\<:.8@$S  
　　C. will take W]7/
e  
　　D. should take .UNV &R0  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 3l41"5Fy&  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 2 \}J*0  
　　54.A. shall m&gB;g3:  
　　B.will 6hv.;n};  
　　C.would h9CTcWGt  
　　D.should s</q T6@  
+kQ=2 dva  
MuQ)F-GSUu  
三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 fFqYRK  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) '&B4Ccn<V  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) FX|&o>S(8  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 <Nqbp  
　　真题剖析 oD9n5/ozo  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. o0f`/ 6o  
　　60. A. dropped &0qpgl|  
　　B. to drop vno/V#e$WX  
　　C. dropping "O<ETHd0  
　　D.drops PWiUW{7z  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. z|D*ymz*EY  
　　59. A. destructive J;8d-R5  
　　B. dissatisfied 7 g(Z
@  
　　C. damaged 6`@J=Q?  
　　D. derivative )3:0TFS}}k  
&k%>u[Bo  
pC>h"Hy  
四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 |&rCXfC  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. *Z_4bR4Q  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. o#,^
7ln  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 a~$Y;C_#<  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. {ptHk<K:)  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 cS9jGD9 2  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Coe/4!$M  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ucx02^uA  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 U\tx{CsSz  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. qrlC U4  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) \>- M&C  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) K8&;B)VT>  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. IUFc_uL@\  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) }AR
A K^%  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. gE#'Zv{7  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 daI_@kY"  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. =,#--1R7g  
　　真题剖析 QE\ [EI2  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. WqCC4R,-  
　　53. A. none l\*9rs:!  
　　B. few | :-i[G?n  
　　C. any nOGTeKjEJ  
　　D. some =\WF +r]V  
!ka* rd  
wgS,U}/i  
五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 dWvVK("Wj  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 5FoZ$I  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. r[a7">n  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. J{1H$[W~}  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) F^75y?  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. PC#^L$cg}