考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 `$SX%AZA  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 EKhwrBj
S  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 d%N O_=I.  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 |"?0H#  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 7"wr8  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. :w:hqe|_  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ~[e;{45V  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). |E&a3 TQW  
　　真题剖析 =o;8xKj  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 7'z{FSS  
　　45. A. For PsMoH/+"  
　　B. As $3zs?Fd`  
　　C. With @v\Osp t=  
　　D. Because ({i}EC7{  
　　练习： Vb az#I  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. A}?n.MAX>  
　　8. A. is x;dyF_*;  
　　B. having d5T M_C  
　　C. being p
;zV4uSv  
　　D. be FJomUVR.  
8+5#FC7  
fT.18{'>  
二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 | s%--W  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 s9+Rq*Qd  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 t>"UenJt-  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ? XN=Er^
 
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 f]Z%,'1^  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 &~)PB |  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ,|6O}E&  
　　would rather +动词过去式 0=O(+ yi  
　　真题剖析 AGu#*,K  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … ;]!QLO.bs^  
　　47. A. do Wd"<u2  
　　B. did " E+V>V+  
　　C. don’t VF[$hs
  
　　D. didn’t c IK  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. !2L?8oP-z  
　　53. A. ordered 8LuM eGs  
　　B. pleaded 3{c6)vR2  
　　C. decided tSibzl~  
　　D. demanded "3Y(uN  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. N)yCGo  
　　15. A. took lRA=IRQ]  
　　B. would take {BV0Y.O  
　　C. will take 9u[^9tL+D  
　　D. should take rnAQwm-8O%  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. j-]`;&L  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) \dAs<${(  
　　54.A. shall OHRkhwF.  
　　B.will
^mwS6WH6  
　　C.would M'gGoH}B+q  
　　D.should jxc^OsYj  
p~Wy`g-  
Ww=^P{q\  
三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 N 2XL5<  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) b- 8}TTL>  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) njxfBA:  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 i0}f@pCB?X  
　　真题剖析 B,S~Idr}  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. _DouVv>  
　　60. A. dropped { )g $  
　　B. to drop 0SjB&J  
　　C. dropping %_@T'!]  
　　D.drops jK-b#h.gL  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. xmNs%  
　　59. A. destructive c/DK31K  
　　B. dissatisfied *^oL$_Y  
　　C. damaged i 558&:  
　　D. derivative OwCbv j0#  
vf5q8/a  
+)hxYLk&I  
四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 $\+x7"pI  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. VUi> ]v/e  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 2@N9Zk{{J  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ^H0#2hFa  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 'NMO>[.  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 @<.ei)
cqb  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 A$M8w9  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). -7KoR}Ck!  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 sW-0G$,|  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. PN3 Qxi4F  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) h,?%,GI  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) z/]]u.UP  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. IH&0>a  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) _NB*+HVo  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. +T&YYO8>5  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 OxPl0-]t  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. kY?tUpM!TB  
　　真题剖析 :>iN#)S  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. ,CI-IR2  
　　53. A. none J'ZC5Xr  
　　B. few gnG h )  
　　C. any jEE!H/  
　　D. some b}DC|?~M  
h\p!J-V  
dl"= ZI '^  
五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 \WBO(,]V  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” -wrVEH8  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. q 'd]  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books.
MhR`  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) < =~=IZ)  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. U3C"o|