过去完成时
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@ a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
!X*+Ct^ b. 状语从句
IXDj;~GF 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
hQv~C4Wfrf When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
R%=u<O c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
%4 *-BCP We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
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l 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
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!GiZ" 7 He said that he had learned some English before.
g
4G& By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
i7 _Nv Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
o$)pJ#";F W$>srdG0$ 典型例题
>x]b"@Hkw the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
>slD.rb] A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
w\ 4;5.$ 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
2.)xWCG 前一句应用过去进行时。
n;+CV~ F
OV%\=Hl 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
`S$zwot had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
T5H[~b|9- He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
BPs|q b- 用于现在完成时的句型
Hz~?"ts@; .,[ NJ:l ,\8F27 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
Se~< Vpo It is the first time that I have visited the city.
uy'm2 It was the third time that the boy had been late.
\vwsRT 1 l ld,&N8 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
T6mbGE*IeE This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
-7- r~zmr 这是我看过的最好的电影。
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1q This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
E&>3 {uZI d ? Uj3G 典型例题
5\!t!FL_ (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
w8veh[%3n ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
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)]Iy A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
&k53*Wo 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
2-G6I92d qe^d6
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
Y6W#u iqk ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
96 ydcJY0' A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
@kh:o\ 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
n <,:;0{ 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
v;6O# ta' （错）I have received his letter for a month.
lK VV*RR} （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
:<}1as! eo etw.l~ y 独立主格结构的特点：
7=3'P f S 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
Th.Mn}1%L 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
SH ow~wxw 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
EN2H[i+ , 举例：
o|en"?4 the test finished, we began our holiday.
2K:Rrn/cR = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
=# /BCL7 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
fvE:'( #? l@W1b S the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
y|b&Rup = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
uD=FTx 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
_8 C:Md` UG !+&ii| 0FAe5
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Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
w ;p~|! 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
mVsghDESJ) This done, we went home.
OF1fS\P<> 工作完成后，我们才回家。
{t%Jc~p{ Spm0DqqR? wZnv*t_ the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
Vi*HG &DD 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
~PZIYG"D <=Z`]8 dd-`/A
@ He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
WKvG|YRDq 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
Tg jM@ir PRi1 `% d He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
FzzV% 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
