填空题常考结构 c%bzrYQvA;
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一、主句单一原则 ?20R\
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任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 N!MDD?0
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 c&x1aF "B
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例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. 5KDCmw
(A) They occur where they are H
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(B) Occuring where q3#+G:nh
(C) Where they occur (KwC,0p
(D) Where do they occur 1q@R04i
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 kN78j
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 N>,`TsUwW
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例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center 9X%:
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(A) Fort Wayne Goc?HR
(B) Although Fort Wayne ~#jiX6<I
(C) For wayne is in ]@ke_'
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(D) Fort Wayne, in 9cUa@;*1
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 ""XAUxo
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二、谓语动词专一原则 (tOhuSW
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 ]K*R[
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 iB"ji4[z
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例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” c9fz x
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with ,LN^Zx*
social issues. %),u0:go
(A) covers ]W14'Z
(B) covers it kx?Yin8K
(C) which covers r
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(D) which it covers .ex;4( -!
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 h!K"
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例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused q%e'WM G~n
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on tEvDAI} 5
the paper. wCg7JW#
(A) the impression is 2O
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(B) if the impression is 69)"T{7
(C) impressions <tFq^qB
(D) the impression [)s4:V
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression 0VtjVz*C7&
三、平行结构 X5[vQ3^
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 `1(ED= |
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: "WQ6[;&V
A and B, D^6iQW+.P
A , B, and C ||QK)$"
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例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- UTKyPCfj
is known as accounting. [znN'Fg:"
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary J.R\h!
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's F +(S-Qk1
transactions 3`%E;?2
(C) transactions of an enterprise are #J&3Zds
summarized 7`J2/(
(D) summarizing the transactions of an o/o6|[=3
enterprise vRC >=y*=
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 2A~o)7JaZ
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 j AOy3
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例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed wB0vpt5f
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and ?SFQx\/
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on 06^/zr
human patients. dV38-IfGkl
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in d-1D:Hs?
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures 8bdO-LJ9
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures TS|Bz2(
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull {Z8GG
fractures lL:!d.{
分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 C_Q3^mLx
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四、宾语从句结构 r_$*euh@
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 e`g+Jf`AT
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: G4SA
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state(陈述,表明)+that \;~Nj#
indicate(指明,表明)+that *4%pXm;
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例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, tNr'@ls
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite ;&6
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units called quanta or photons. ]?1_.Wjtt
(A) energy that K9Mz4K_
(B) that it is energy .c}+kHv
(C) it is energy D#1R$4M=
(D) that energy yYJ_;Va
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 Oe\(=R
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例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth `OMX 9i
indicate--yield when unusual weight is $k0(iFzR1
placed on them. TSewq4`K
(A) although its crust and mantle m_0y ]RfG
(B) its crust and mantle to 7\%JJw6h
(C) that its crust and mantle wO%lM
(D) for its crust and mantle to B@M9oNWHu
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 G-)e(u
五、介词+ which结构 }#D=Rf?2\P
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 nk tGO
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, _N|%i J5
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 v}u]tl$,
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, <!RkkU&
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因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 W
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例1:In the United States, a primary election is RBf#5VjOG!
a method ---- voters select the nominees a~jb%i_
for public office. J'
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(A) that <$-^^b(y
(B)by which hQx*#:ns
(C)is that dlfjx
(D)by those dQ{qA(m
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 +
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A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 rd0Fd+t/
B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 3?V'O6
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例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players
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hit wooden balls through wire arches called ]dGH
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wickers. q]: 72+
(A) when ?1\I/'E9
(B) which Mu`_^gG
(C) is when 3G4WKg.^
(D) in which 1(Vv-bq$
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。 ,H6P%
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六、in that结构 (v?@evQ
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, %TN$
because of +名词, E8kD#tL
consequently是副词 "vybV
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而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 'L O3[G{
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例1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals geK;r0(f
---- it is a liquid. -x6_HibbD
(A) whereas `TO Xktj
(B) in that Cu%BU}(
(C) because of _$T
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(D) consequently ' u<I S/w
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首先排除。 aOg9Dqtg)f
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that为复合连词,用来引导原因状语从句。
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例2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual R-pON4D"*
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. QyTNV
(A)they U*K4qJ6U
(B)in they 5,XEN$^
(C)that they FDuA5At
(D)in that they hO> q|+mC
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A和B缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C一般作宾语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中in that为连词,引导表原因的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选D。 lW-G]V
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这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项,如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多,但是要考的话一定就是重点。 n>JJ Xw,,
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例3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ fGj66rMGw
great inspiration for her poems. 'U&
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(A) that she drew z I9jxwXU
(B) by drawing her =1>G*
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(C) from which she drew jm&[8
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(D) drawn from which 6&