加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 填空题常考结构
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2008-09-01   

填空题常考结构

填空题常考结构 oT):#,s  
G XV x/) H  
一、主句单一原则 q2vD)r  
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 \D?'.Wo%  
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 #5@(^N5p`  
Q+T#J9Y  
例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. P_1WJ  
   (A) They occur where they are qY#*LqV  
   (B) Occuring where n[iwi   
   (C) Where they occur A-CU%G9  
   (D) Where do they occur 5-|!mSd   
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 p|-MwC eH  
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 5qtk#FB  
iWf+wC|  
例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center 3\XNOJH  
   (A) Fort Wayne [<R haZz  
   (B) Although Fort Wayne c,~uurVi  
   (C) For wayne is in AOR?2u  
   (D) Fort Wayne, in L7C ;l,ot  
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 #Q8_:dPY  
.`OU\LA  
;'n%\*+fHH  
二、谓语动词专一原则 V! He2<  
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 3CoZ2  
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 3x+lf4"  
<a6pjx>y  
例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” PEf yHf7`  
   -----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with v1OVrk>s>  
   social issues. ]/=RABi  
    (A) covers O k` }\NZL  
    (B) covers it q5(t2nNb  
    (C) which covers 5qz,FKx5  
    (D) which it covers Tx;a2:6\[  
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 H9*k(lnz`  
{<,%_pJR  
g< j)  
例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused !O_G%+>5W  
   by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on iW` tr  
   the paper. keAoJeG,J  
   (A) the impression is Z2g'&,uc#  
   (B) if the impression is E_ns4k#uG  
   (C) impressions +S4n416K  
   (D) the impression `8!9Fp  
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression ` B)@  
三、平行结构 /hl'T'RG  
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 dQ`Tt- n  
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: +{:uPY#1  
A and B, ~|+ ~/  
A , B, and C E5ce=$o  
Scrj%h%[  
例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- v;]rFc#Px[  
   is known as accounting. h&0zR#t  
   (A) an enterprise's transactions summary ALMsF2H  
   (B) the summarizing of an enterprise's T9nb ~ P[  
     transactions \,#$,dUXD  
   (C) transactions of an enterprise are =-U0r$sK+F  
     summarized !d72f8@9  
   (D) summarizing the transactions of an FLi'}C  
     enterprise _ Sr}3  
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 e*:K79 y  
   四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 OC=& !<  
*9'3 `^l  
例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed K\K& K~Z  
   ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and $bTtD<a  
   supervised the first use of Aureomycin on 2"ax*MQH<^  
   human patients.  +mocSx[  
    (A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in eCGr_@1  
    (B) pioneered in treating skull fractures As,`($=  
    (C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures rW?Wd Eg  
    (D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull Z[?n{vD7  
     fractures > 80{n8  
分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 (?4%Xtul1  
Q"&Mr+  
四、宾语从句结构 6`e{l+c=F  
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 6 >kULp  
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: f}-'67*Y  
     state(陈述,表明)+that SXL3>-Z E  
     indicate(指明,表明)+that '@{:Fr G*U  
Ju+3}  
例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, w#.3na  
   is given off and absorbed in tiny definite x=*&#; Y|  
   units called quanta or photons. khy'Y&\F;  
    (A) energy that jq~`rE h9  
    (B) that it is energy l(>6Yq  
    (C) it is energy "| nXR8t.r  
    (D) that energy <pX?x3-'  
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 PxKBcx4o`  
^6W}ZLp  
J9T2 p\5  
例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth A?YYR%o%'  
   indicate--yield when unusual weight is Nc+0_|,  
   placed on them. KsULQJ#,  
   (A) although its crust and mantle UQ0! tFx  
   (B) its crust and mantle to !u7KgB<=/F  
   (C) that its crust and mantle +g1>h ,K 3  
   (D) for its crust and mantle to VzG|Xtco [  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 7 A0?tG  
五、介词+ which结构 h"[B zX  
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 /?8 1Ypt  
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, %FjUtB  
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 {K|?i9K  
 ai 4k?  
“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, <#0i*PM_  
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 }IygU 6{G  
Fyvo ;1a  
例1:In the United States, a primary election is k+_>`Gre}  
   a method ---- voters select the nominees jIKg* @  
   for public office. R>c>wYt'f  
    (A) that 9B~ &d(Bm  
    (B)by which <EC"E #p  
    (C)is that >Tf}aI+  
    (D)by those GgxPpS<ne  
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 5AT^puL]]  
   A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 a8xvK;`  
   B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 ~W @dF~r  
(MXy\b <  
例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players c|<F8 n  
   hit wooden balls through wire arches called jI,[(Z>  
   wickers. hk !=ZE3  
   (A) when t'K+)OK  
   (B) which d- ZUuw  
   (C) is when ]*NYuEgc  
   (D) in which Q7x[08TI  
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。 K qJE?caw  
NLZ5 5yo$  
六、in that结构 vapC5,W"2-  
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, ztU"CRa8  
  because of +名词, -gGw_w?)(  
  consequently是副词 +kWWx#L#  
  而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 TqJ @l  
!v2/sq$G  
例1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals e\~nqKCb  
   ---- it is a liquid. \(LD<-a  
   (A) whereas 'n h^;  
   (B) in that pwMA,X/{  
   (C) because of i>S@C@~  
   (D) consequently M? 8s y  
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首先排除。 p+g=Z<?`  
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that为复合连词,用来引导原因状语从句。 glC,E>  
hV $Zr4'  
例2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual ]$#bNt/p  
   -- travel over land and water on a layer of air. 0Fkr3x  
   (A)they 6}Y==GP t  
   (B)in they :PV3J0pB~  
   (C)that they _#M4zO7  
   (D)in that they In4VS:dD  
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A和B缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C一般作宾语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中in that为连词,引导表原因的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选D。 wYe;xk`>  
N?c~AEk9U  
4wv0~T$;x  
这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项,如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多,但是要考的话一定就是重点。 $<nD-4p  
B _ J2Bf  
例3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ ;a|%W4"  
   great inspiration for her poems. !L +b{  
   (A) that she drew 2iKteJ@h)  
   (B) by drawing her @u$NB3  
   (C) from which she drew 5222"yn"c  
   (D) drawn from which cGs& Kn;h  
分析:首先看选项C, “介词+which”, 而后面是she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个完整句子,那么选项C就是答案。 3 }sy{Mx%9  
七、what结构 .|CoueH  
what结构在95.8以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: 7*K2zu3  
  what=the thing that I ] +OYWp  
V(;T{HW&  
例1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend z(,j)".  
   largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. %<+Ku11  
   (A) it grows 16N |  
   (B) what grows P_H2[d&/>D  
   (C) does it grow ~("bpS#ZgD  
   (D) what does it grow H>D?  
分析:空格前有depend on这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。A和C没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式,故(B)正确。 [j TU nP  
@+ T33X)h%  
例2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle Jw;G_dQ[  
   was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory wmX(%5vY^  
   became----is now Indiana and Ohio. DTsD<o  
   (A) there =b"{*Heuw  
   (B) where "9X!Ewm"P  
   (C) that x 1 Z'_Qw  
   (D) what RkTYvAk|kY  
分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有D符合条件。 Xwu&K8q21  
aMT=pGU  
{md5G$* %  
八、同位语结构 YUTh*` 1k<  
同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 4$mtc*tzT  
    ___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号) 0ap'6  
例1:The tongue , -----, is an important aid in chewing WuI$   
   and swallowing .  > T:0  
   (A) is the chief organ of taste L&=r-\.ev  
   (B) tasting the organ chiefly 1`s^r+11:  
   (C) the chief organ of taste I#]pk!  
   (D) the organ chiefly tastes RFSwX*!  
分析:空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词is, 故先排除A和D。(B)不合题意,故也可排除。(C)是名词短语,适合作主语的同位语,使句子完整,句意正确,故选(C)。 +~P_o_M  
3 _!MVT  
P0sAq7"  
同位语考试形式二:名词作主语,后面的名词是主语同位语,解释说明后面的名词 c4Q9foE   
    ___, ___ (注意是一个逗号) WjSu4   
例2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of wZJbI[ r  
   Native Americans in her novel, Century of 5G`fVsb  
   Dishonor. 1U^KN~!  
   (A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause @Cx goX^  
   (B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson -eD]gm  
   (C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause DSq?|H  
   (D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. B~@Gfb>`'  
分析:空格前为名词短语,空格后为介词短语,空格处明显缺主语和谓语动词。根据空格前名词短语的意思判断,主语应该是人名而不是指物的名词,故选(A)。 ] O~$|Wk  
Hr7pcz/#l  
例3:Often very annoying weeds ,-----and act as \Mdi eO*  
   hosts to many insect pests. i] 4nYYS  
   (A) that crowd out less hardy plants than XIdC1%pr;  
     goldenrods ,!PV0(F(  
   (B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods 3` D['  
   (C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy zuFPG{^\#  
     plants z[O*f#t  
   (D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants o Q*LP{M  
分析:空格后面是and, 句中缺少与and并列的谓语动词。A只有从句没有主句; B,C分别是分词和名词短语, 无法与动词act并列; D 包含主语的同位语goldenrods和谓语动词crowd。 6V@_?a-K  
oS<Gj I:  
5Fj9.K~k  
同位语考试形式三:主谓宾后面出现一个名词,那么名词可以作宾语或者表语的同位语 CBpwtI>p  
例4:An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 %XZhSmlf  
   yards, approximately ---- from Marathon to 28c6~*Te #  
   Athens. Rh$+9w  
   (A) the distance is G$QN_h,}  
   (B) that the distance is R?tjobk!  
   (C) is that the distance c9c3o{(6Y  
   (D) the distance #N~1 Y e  
分析:逗号前为完整的句子,后面如果再接句子一定要有连接词或者从句引导词。A、B、C均为主谓结构,但都没有从句引导词,故排除。D是名词短语作表语同位语,故选(D)。 >El]5M7h7  
?_p!teb  
九、比较结构 02NVdpo[wU  
比较结构中要注意两点:1、倒装性;2、对称性 Q"c/]Sk)  
例1:Western Nebraska generally receives less 3p?nQ O)L  
   snow than --eastern Nebraska. DnG9bVm>  
    (A) does x(4"!#  
    (B) in kUT^o  
    (C) it does in V\e1NS  
    (D) in it does CF\wR;6k  
分析:than引导比较状语从句,空格后面是个专有名词,肯定是比较从句的主语,空格处明显缺从句的谓语动词,只有(A)符合条件,故选(A)。注意than eastern Nebraska does 是正确的语序,但是原文中使用了倒装;在比较结构的后面部分中,如果比较从句的主语长,谓语动词短,动词可放到主语前面进行到装。 #Q-#7|0&  
' u;Zw%O(J  
例2: Hot objects emit----- do cold objects. _g( aO70Zu  
    (A) rays more than infrared Yo=$@~vN]  
    (B) rays are more infrared than mE>{K  
    (C) more than infrared rays Y|J=72!]  
    (D) more infrared rays than bhbTloCR  
分析:emit为及物动词,空格处缺宾语和引导比较从句的than, 只有(D)符合条件。注意空格后为倒装形式,do代替emit以避免重复。此题为常考的句子结构。 PlK3;  
[u^ fy<jdp  
!>=lah$&  
比较结构中还需要注意相互比较的必须属于同一种事物 bAN>\zG+  
例3:The activities of the international marketing C+jXH)|iq  
   researcher are frequently much broader than ----. %6Vb1?x  
   (A) the domestic marketer has c#1kg@q@  
   (B) the domestic marketer does ) j&khHD  
   (C) those of the domestic marketer I&gd"F _v}  
   (D) that which has the domestic marketer a~Ld cUYs  
分析:本题还是考查比较句,由于谓语动词是系动词are, 故先排除与其不对应的以has和does结尾的(A)和(B)。选项D则语义不清,也可排除。C中those代替前面提到的activities以避免重复,those一定要具备,因为只有这样才能满足比较的都是activities,谓语动词are因与主句谓语动词相同而被省略,因此C为正确答案。 @p}_"BHYWt  
{D :WXvI  
例4:The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing .J&89I]U  
   is greater than --. GO@<?>K  
   (A) that of its mining and farming combined }u$c*}  
   (B) mining and farming combination WPlf8* -fQ  
   (C) that mining and farming combined $cwmfF2C  
   (D) of its combination mining and farming Y6hV ;[\F  
分析:本题为比较句,一般来说,比较的双方应属于同一类事物。句中主语显然是比较的一方,而空格处应是与之相对应的另一方。(B)、(C)、(D)均无法与the annual worth相对应,故可以排除。(A)中代词that代替 the annual worth, 是英语中常见的避免重复的用法,故选(A)。 :hW(2=%  
j8bA"r1  
十、定语从句省略结构  "^BA5  
关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时可以省略 L;L_$hu)  
例1:Most crocodiles will eat anything----capture wgolgof  
   and overpower. 9(}d7y  
   (A) can   :oC;.u<*8  
   (B) they can U 0~BcFpD  
   (C) which can Qt_KUtD  
   (D) and ,_w}\'?L  
分析:空格前是个完整句子,空格后是两个并列的及物动词,后面却没有宾语,由此可推断出空格处缺能作从句宾语的从句引导词和从句主语。(A)、(D)没有从句引导词,可首先排除。(C)有从句引导词,也可作从句的宾语,却没有从句主语。正确答案(B)看似没有从句引导词,实际上是省略了引导词that,故选(B)。that they can capture, that引导定语从句在句子中做capture的宾语。 h6<i,1gQ1  
=OV5DmVmQ  
例2:A majority of people in the United States can +Zr~mwM=x  
   get all the calcium their bodies----from the kTT%< e  
   food they eat. =_g#I  
    (A) require p[At0Gc L  
    (B) requires qdKqc,R1{  
    (C) requiring 3fXrwmBT8  
    (D)to require 7IkEud  
分析:此题显然缺从句谓语动词,故首先排除(C)和(D)。(B)为第三人称单数形式,与主语bodies相矛盾,故也可排除,因此选择A。 (JnEso-V  
   their bodies require from the food they eat是定语从句修饰calcium, 省略了that; 实际上they eat也是定语从句省略了that修饰the food Xo[cpcV  
u>agVB4\F  
0+SZ-]  
“介词+名词”在定语从句中做表语时,关系代词和be动词可以同时省略,剩下的形容词短语做名词的后置定语。 $FX$nY  
例3:To produce one pound of honey , a colony of (18ZEKk  
    A 89{;R  
   bees must fly a distance equals to twice around 77aUuP7Iw  
   B          C      D $ve$Sq  
   the world. mvt-+K?U  
分析:句子中实际上是省略了that is, a distance that is equal to, 因此equals to 应该改为equal to I?%q`GyP5  
0:4>rYBC   
例4: A neutron star forms when a star much more massive _?'W30Dg  
          A  B      C 5=p<"*zJ  
    than the Sun dies and exploded. n&|N=zh  
              D /n>vPJvz  
分析:句中省略了which is, a star which is much more hgE :2@  
O:T 49:R}r  
十一、状语从句省略结构 8f)pf$v`   
Metals expand when they are heated. V:P]Ved  
Metals expand 是主句;when they are heated 是状语从句。但是这个状语从句中可以省略掉they are, 句子变成:Metals expand when heated. 但是并不是所有的状语从句都可以这么省略。这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件: D0kz;X  
<ME>#,  
    第一、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致; 0L#i c61U  
    第二、从句的谓语必须是be动词,主语和be动词同进同出, +\&6Zbn  
       比如上面的they和are要么同时省略,要么同时保留。 n4 N6]W\5  
ZfVY:U:o>  
例1:Although----rigid, bones exhibit a degree of 3W#E$^G_v  
   elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand /%p ~  
   considerable impact. !?+0O]`}  
   (A) apparently _!Tjb^  
   (B) are apparently X !0 7QKs  
   (C) apparently their S'ms>ZENC  
   (D) are they apparently k&f/f  
分析:连词although通常引导主谓完整的状语从句,当从句主语与主句主语相同、从句谓语又为系表结构时,则可省略主语和连系动词,故正确答案为(A)。Although apparently rigid = Although bones are apparently rigid, 注意bones和are必须同时省略。 ,mi 7WW9  
83'+q((<  
(0`w.n  
因此,我们从上面的例题中来分析一下填空题中状语从句省略以后的形式: L{)t(H>O  
  though, although, even thought, while, If, when等为引导状语从句的词; mQ`2c:Rn&7  
  这些词后面一定+形容词(分词),主句(注意逗号的后面是主句,前面是从句) lVd-{m)  
,`YBTU  
例2:All marble is composed of crystals of the 8tna<Hx  
   minerals calcite or dolomite, ----, are perfectly V,'_BUl+x  
   white. 9Hb|$/FD  
   (A) when, pure which }m5()@Q}a  
   (B) when, which pure % a.T@E  
   (C) which, pure when )uR_d=B&  
   (D) which, when pure ]SPuNBsy)  
分析:空格前是个完整的句子,空格后是系表结构,空格处显然缺非限定性定语从句的引导词兼作从句主语。(A)、(B)不引导非限定性定语从句,可首先排除。(C)中的pure和when位置错了,故选(D)。注意when pure是插入语,同时也是省略用法when they are pure;which are perfectly white, 状语从句省略结构, BYhiP/^  
R2C~.d_TDu  
例3:--relatively costly, the diesel engine d]^m^  
   is highly efficient and needs servicing EEK!'[<,sE  
   infrequently cjO %X  
   (A) Even 7I&o  
   (B) It is bqA`oRb\  
   (C) Even though `#8kJt  
   (D) There is `^'fS@VA  
分析:B和D填入后,都是构成两个主句,不对;Even though则引导状语从句,even though it is, 这里it is 已经省略。 " Y^ 9g/  
)S`[ gK  
十二、动词ing+名词的复数作主语结构 K n=EDtg  
这是一个比较难的结构,因为许多同学经常混淆动名词和现在分词。 !~R<Il|B  
  现在分词相当于形容词,和后面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系; wF%RM$  
  动名词是相当于具有动词特征的名词,和后面的名词是动宾关系。 5$Kj#9g-#  
N!wuBRWR  
那么如何在句子中判断动名词和现在分词呢?我们来看两个例子: /EP zT7  
  Doing exercises is a good habit. 做练习是一个好习惯。 TecMQ0 KD  
  The starring troops have to surrender. 6aHD?a o  
  第一个句子强调的是做,而不是练习,不能说练习是一个好习惯,只能说做练习是一个好习惯,因此do是中心词,它和后面的名词是动宾关系,那么这个do就是动名词; OgC,oj,!/  
  第二个句子说挨饿的军队必须投降,是军队投降,而不是挨饿要投降,因此中心词是troop,starring是来修饰troop的,因此starring是现在分词。 ?nbu`K6T  
1y wdcg  
在“动词ing+名词的复数”作主语结构的句子中,谓语动词是系动词is oD\t4]?E  
=H;'.!77Hx  
例1:--by transferring the blame to others is often /J/V1dC}]D  
   called scapegoating. i$6rnS&C  
   (A) Eliminate problems : #?_4D!r  
   (B) The eliminated problems(被消除的问题) %D:VcY9OC  
   (C) Eliminating problems <rK[&JlJ  
   (D) Problems are eliminated gt(p%~  
分析:空格处缺主语。(A)不能作主语,(B)的名词为复数,与后面谓语动词相矛盾,(D)使句子出现两个谓语,故排除。(C)构成动名词短语,可作句中主语,故选(C)。这个题目的意思是通过把责任转嫁给别人,这种消除问题的方式,通常叫做替罪羊。 ~TS!5Wiv  
A/UOcl+N  
例2:--wooden buildings helps to protect them ' v CMf  
   from damage due to weather. "JLE  
    (A) Painting !u8IZpf  
    (B) Painted )R'%SLw  
    (C) The paint 6D2ot&5WW  
    (D) By painting PlS)Zv 3  
分析:从谓语动词helps可判断出主语不可能为buildings, 因为主谓语在数上不一致,故空格处缺构成单数的词。四个选项中只有动名词painting符合这一条件,故选(A)。(B)构成复数名词短语,(C)无法与后面的名词连接,(D)构成介词短语,不能作主语,三个选项都可排除。 @{_X@Wv4iV  
painted wooden buildings 被油漆的房子,中心词是buildings, 后面help不能用单数 hE`d@  
painting wooden buildings油漆房子这件事情,中心词是painting phf{b+'#X  
~?fl8RF\  
例3:Scientists think -- helps some tree to U\qbr.<  
   conserve water in the winter. x4wTQ$*1  
   (A) when losing leaves MaY_*[  
   (B) leaves are lost H' /V<%  
   (C) that losing leaves (GL'm[V  
   (D) the leaves losing G<<; a  
分析:这道题目大家都能够选择C, 但是我们必须彻底理解C为什么正确,think that后面是宾语从句。losing是及物动词,丢弃叶子帮助树来保持水分,要注意不是树叶来帮助保持水分,而是丢弃树叶这个动作来保持水分。丢弃叶子是树主动丢弃,因此losing是动名词。 JU5,\3Lz#  
tx9 %.)M:n  
十三、make结构 L xIKH G  
make结构即为:make +sth.(宾语) +possible+(宾语补足语) Vq`/]&  
共有三种形式: SSE,G!@  
   make it possible+to do ^%Cd@!dk  
   make it possible+that引导的从句 85[ 7lO)[  
   make possible sth (这个sth一定很长,它后面有一个后置定语) CL7 /J[TS  
!]A/ID0K  
做题技巧: Z`GEF|eh  
   如果possible后面有to do 或者that引导的定语从句, 中间一定有it H*3u]Ebh  
   如果possible后面有名词,中间一定没有it \_R<Q?D+  
L&:A59)1k  
例1:X-rays are able to pass through objects and Je9Z:s[  
   thus make--details that are otherwise ,%xat`d3,3  
   impossible to observe . 8,vP']4r%  
   (A) it visible  # .( f7~  
   (B) visibly V?x&\<;,  
   (C) visible Z+);}>-5  
   (D) they are visible |P|2E~[r  
分析:此题考动词make的一种用法,visible后面有名词,因此中间不能有it,选择C;可以看到空格后that引导的是定语从句,visible是宾语补足语,宾语补足语的存在是因为宾语太长了,details是宾语。 wG)[Ik6:  
uTrzC+\aU  
Y`-q[F?\y  
例2:Using many symbols makes--to put a large #EE<MKka  
   amount of information on a single map. Nr,I`x\N  
   (A) possible R N@)nc_  
   (B) it possible +cmi?~KS*  
   (C) it is possible WpE "A  
   (D) that possible P2s\f;Dwr  
分析:从四个选项可以判断出本题考make的一种惯用法。首先排除明显的错误选项:C为句子,却没有与主句相连的连词,D中that后面应有主语并构成结构完整的从句。 由于后面是动词不定式,因此possible前面一定有it, it作形式宾语,故B正确。 pMViq0  
>>C S8  
`uusUw-Gf  
十四、the more …the more…结构 oVbs^sbRH  
这个结构的意思是“越….越…”,结构一共有三条规则: T7 /DH  
  1. the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格, 新题专门考这条规则 \j wxW6>  
  2. the more 后面的谓语如果是be动词的话,可以省略,例如上面的例题 L5KcI  
  3. 第二个the more 后面可以使用倒装,而第一个后面却不行 ]S9Z5l0  
the more, the more其实是原因状语从句,前面是原因,后面是结果,倒装句中必须是主句倒装,从句绝对不能够倒装。 f61vE  
if\`M'3Xx  
例1:The stronger--magnet, the greater the G O G[^T  
   number of lines of magnetic force. 'BgR01w J  
   (A) of j8^ #698X  
   (B) the j%Uoi gi  
   (C) is the \{a5]G(4s  
   (D) is of the ".( G,TW  
分析:本题显然考查”the more … the more…”结构,the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格,因此只能选择B TEj"G7]1$A  
T4ugG?B*  
例2:The less the surface of the ground yields to the {o*$|4q4  
   weight of the body of a runner, --to the body.  ~Ij/vyB_  
   (A) the stress it is greater 017nhI  
   (B) greater is the stress uXUuA/O5-  
   (C) greater stress is hV) `e"r\s  
   (D) the greater the stress itiSZL,  
分析:正确答案为D。此题考the more … the more句型,只有D符合这一句型的要求,故选D。 f$dIPt(  
Q4]O d{[  
十五、表示结果的伴随状语结构 TA:#K  
主谓宾完整的句子后面,如果出现两个词,thereby或者thus, 那么这两个词后面必须使用现在分词,表示“从而怎么样”的意思,这便是表示结果的伴随状语结构。但是必须注意并不是thus后面就是加doing,必须是前面一个完整的句子才对。  OmfHr lA  
v| ]"uPxH?  
Clap3E|a  
例1:A microphone enables a soft tone to beamplified , EaL>~: j  
             A     B e$`hRZ%  
   thus making it possible the gentle 4mX?PKvbn  
       C            MTNC{:Q  
   renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall. d(b~s2\i  
         D n 3-VqYUP  
分析:Possible后面有名词,那么it应该去掉,thus后面表示结果的伴随状语从句,表示从而使得歌曲演唱成为可能。 2hryY  
'W("s  
Wfc~"GQq4  
例2:The Smithsonian Institution preserves more  H ="I=}  
   than sixty-five million items of scientific, *{Z=)k%  
   historical, or artistic interest, --winning the YGc:84S  
   popular title, “attic of the nation.” d:#tN4y7(  
    (A) however [9MbNJt 8~  
    (B) thus %p&y/^=0I  
    (C) and E8p,l>6(f  
    (D) moreover )t\aB_ =  
分析:逗号前面是个完整的句子,逗号后面是现在分词短语作状语表示结果。四个选项中只有thus一词可直接放在现在分词前面,故选B。thus 副词,修饰分词winning, 伴随状语 '4Qsl~[Eh  
E'SDT*EI  
例3: Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the x#R6Ez7  
   lower ground levels, thereby--from freezing. `c-omNu  
    (A) to save the seeds O.xtY @'"  
    (B) saving the seeds S)4p'cUwq  
    (C)which saves the seeds +"k?G  
    (D) the seeds saved YV@efPy}n  
分析:thereby和to有意思重复,所以不能够选择(A), 后面应该跟现在分词,答案为B 3hUP>F8  
MHye!T6fO\  
ijzwct#.  
十六、形容词最高级省略结构 !7MRHI/0C  
The crane is the tallest bird of the wading birds. v+SdjFAY  
最高级后面的名词与范围名词重复,可以省略,句子变为The crane is the tallest of the wading birds. ~<s^HP2U{  
9tVV?Q@)  
例1:The crane is--of the wading birds. #k`gm)|  
   (A) the tallest U F*R1{  
   (B) the tallest that is ,w BfGpVb  
   (C) which is the tallest +"=ydF.9  
   (D) which the tallest is K{"hf:k  
分析:空格前是主语和谓语,空格后是of引导的介词短语,空格处明显缺作表语的名词或名词短语。四个选项中只有(A)使句子结构完整,语义清楚,故选(A)。 MxKTKBxQ  
|d*a~T0  
i*@PywT"i3  
例2:. Cows are said to be the least intelligently of ['sNk[-C  
       A  B       C cF8X  
   domestic animals. C_8_sb Z/  
    D 0\B{~1(^  
分析:改为形容词,intelligent,intelligently为副词,不能作表语。 a'd lA da  
X?n=UebO^  
十七、规则动词过去分词作定语结构 ~dpf1fP  
这里的规则动词指的是过去式和过去分词一样,导致考生看不出句子结构,比如: )7o? }"I  
  program, programmed, programmed %9Z0\ a)[  
因此判断这个词是过去式还是过去分词就显得比较重要: ctjQBWE  
  第一步:从逻辑上判断这个动作是主动还是被动 u'>94Gm}  
  第二步:如果是被动的话,做谓语前面一定有系动词be =y)K er  
AovBKB $  
k{N!}%*2  
例1:--Wupatki National Monument in Arizona ZILJXX4  
   features structures built of red sandstone by 0`-b57lF&  
   ancestors of the Hopi people. JTm'fo[  
   (A) That the 2.b,8wT/  
   (B) In the #vga qe9  
   (C) Around the ~?HK,`0h>  
   (D) The Sp:w _;{#  
分析:空格后是结构完整的句子,空格处显然缺定冠词the 修饰主语,故选D。A中that引导主语从句,使整个句子变成从句而无主句,B、C构成介词短语,使句子缺主语,故排除。句子中的built是过去分词。 <p*k-mfr  
GJr mK  
例2:Antibodies --by small, round cells called s- PS]l@  
   lymphocytes and plasma cells. "#E<Leh'  
   (A) to be made seBmhe5qR  
   (B) making 2%`= LGQC  
   (C) made @*Ry`)T  
   (D) are made t(uvc{K *  
分析:空格前为名词作主语,空格后是介词by引导的动作执行者,called是过去分词作定语,所以句子缺谓语,故选D。A、B、C均为非谓语动词,故排除。 -$[&{ .B.  
p'2IlQ\  
例3:Automatons programmed to perform a given F=1 #qo<?  
   task ------the flexibility and adaptability of P @vUQ  
   human beings. PDuBf&/e  
   (A) without %\T,=9tD\  
   (B) lack ?dCwo;~  
   (C) minus ?{B5gaU9F  
   (D) not having 2*z~ 'i  
分析:programmed在句中是过去分词作名词后置修饰语,空格处缺谓语动词。四个选择答案中只有(B)是可作谓语的动词,故选(B)。 7)r]h?  
B, programmed是一个定语,而不是谓语 j_N<aX  
机器人被编制程序,所以是过去分词,而不是谓语动词 k/wD@H N  
u*)/e9C  
|;wc8 ;  
十八、逻辑主语结构 [=q/f2_1.  
在一个完整的句子前面出现现在分词、过去分词、或者介词短语,那么这个句子的主语是前面这三种结构逻辑上的主语。 NOXP}M  
zH}3J}  
例1:Having been served lunch, --. yef\Y3X  
   (A) the problem was discussed by the members K%\r[NF  
    of the committee 7UMZs7L$  
   (B) the committee members discussed the S7f .^8  
    problem xBTx`+%WS  
   (C) it was discussed by the committee },l i'r#p  
    members the problem 6Lq`zU^  
   (D) a discussion of the problem was make by _) x{TnK  
    the members of the committee ?IHt T3'Rt  
分析:Having been served lunch指被招待了午饭,那么只可能是委员会的成员被招待,而不可能是问题,所以选择B ;kk[x8$  
L?d?O  
例2:--was not incorporated as a city until vYm:V:7Y2  
   almost two centuries later, in 1834. <@;}q^`  
   (A) Settling Brooklyn, the Dutch l[$GOLeS  
   (B) The Dutch settled Brooklyn M=liG+d  
   (C) Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch . f ja;aG  
   (D) Settled by the Dutch, Brooklyn ,XEIg  
分析:空格后面是谓语和状语,空格处缺主语。Brooklyn表示人或者Dutch表示地方做主语,但是从as a city可知,主语不是人名,而是地名,由此首先排除A。B、C均是句子,不合要求。D符合句法和题意。 9AVj/?kmU  
1DB{"8ov  
例3:At thirteen --- at a district school near her bQautRW  
   home, and when she was fifteen , she saw her MRt" #CO  
   first article in print. f X[xZGV,  
   (A) the first teaching position that Mary Jane :lB`K>)iB}  
    Hawes had ?0/$RpFEM#  
   (B) the teaching position was Mary Jane &<e18L 7a  
    Hawe's first _,L_H[FN  
   (C) when Mary Jane Hawes had her first MT~^ wI0a  
    teaching position hE {";/}J  
   (D) Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching a -Pz<*  
    position ) 1AAL0F\B  
分析:从并列连词and 可知,第一个逗号前是一个完整的句子,空格处缺主谓结构,而且主语是一个人名。四个选项中只有D以人名作主语,故选D。 ?A|JKOst]  
w&L~+ Z<  
例4: Even at low levels, --. EN2t}rua  
   (A) the nervous system has produced l'(FM^8jv  
     detrimental effects by lead Q<V(#)*  
   (B) lead's detrimental effects are producing the ^_ch%3}Im  
    nervous system $@'BB=i  
   (C) lead produces detrimental effects on the 5K1cPU~o_b  
    nervous system (Y)2[j  
   (D) the detrimental effects produced by lead on ,N(Yjq"R  
    the nervous system $,~Ily7w  
分析:空格前为介词短语状语,空格处缺一个完整的句子。A、B结构上似乎完整,但意思不清,D不是完整的句子,故选C。 <rE>?zvm  
|)!f".`  
例5:The chorus plays a large part in any oratorio, linking kZG.Id  
            A   B     C a|z-EKV  
   areas were sung by soloists with segments of choral music. 9s"st\u 4  
       D I #1~CbR  
分析:应该把D中的were去掉 Dq<la+VlO  
cRf F!EV  
Vq+7 /+2"  
十九、复合宾语结构 [cnu K  
有些及物动词+宾语后意思表达不完整,需要再加形容词或者名词来补充说明宾语被叫做不完全及物动词,该形容词或者名词叫做宾语补足语。宾语加补足语叫做复合宾语。当宾语和宾补由主动语态变为被动语态,分别变为主语和主补。 rByth,|  
We played soccer. JhFn"(O  
We called him Bob. Bob在这里作宾语补足语 {ze69 h  
He was called Bob. Bob在这里作主语补足语 X\Bl? F   
Ts !g=F  
下面列出了一些经常要求使用宾补的动词 ] x)>q  
make, consider, call, elect, appoint, {KHI(*r;  
例:We appoint him monitor. ,A{Bx`o?  
  We elected him president. vm|u~Yd,s  
QWOPCoUet  
例1:Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck z)C}}NH*!@  
   hunting , but the American Kennel Club does not X6 B IZ  
   consider them --because they are now primarily F&6#j  
   kept as pets. <CVX[R]U  
   (A) where sporting dogs W$`v^1M2o  
   (B) sporting dogs ;9j ]P56  
   (C) when sporting dogs oUnb-,8n  
   (D) they are sportingdogs #`  3Q4  
分析:选择B, them是宾语,sporting dogs宾补 hOB<6Tm[  
GPHb-  
二十、It结构 W~mo*EJ'^  
一、强调句型 !d()'N  
   It is + 强调部分+that +其余部分 z~h?"'  
ywp_, j9F  
这个句型需要注意几点: =7+%31  
强调部分+其余部分是一个完整的句子; (X@\2M4@T#  
强调部分可以强调主语、宾语和状语,不能强调谓语和定语; :(XyiF<Ud  
强调人使用who或者that, 其他的只能用that (即使是时间和地点),who 和that绝对不能省略 F8?,}5j  
如果原句是过去时态,强调句型使用it was.,例如: M@es8\&S.  
  原句:  Ann bought these books last year. y<6Sl6l*  
    强调宾语:It was these books that Ann bought last year. /4Wf\ Zu  
    强调状语:It was last year that Ann bought these books. P-ZvW<M  
"}_ J"%  
二、形式主语 P\Qvj7_  
It is + 名词/形容词+ to do/that 引导的句子 9c]$d  
to do/that 引导的句子是真正的主语,it 是形式主语,这是为了避免头重脚轻。 0E#??gN  
E&J<qTH9  
--y,ky#  
例1:It is the interaction between people , rather than D-@6 hWh~  
    A               B 9QP=  
   the events that occur in their lives , that are }BS EK<W  
                  C oU1N>,  
   the main focus of social psychology. *1v3x:pQ'  
           D ;sA 5&a>!  
分析:Rather than …是插入语,主句是强调句型, it is …that, 主语是interaction, 所以是is B> E4,"  
]uhG&: }  
例2: --an increasing international exchange of xKL(:ePS  
   educational films. Mm8_EjMp  
   (A) It is  pqs!kSJV  
   (B) There is  /|U;_F Pmc  
   (C) Though there is o!h::j0,~  
   (D) Although it is IrRy1][Qr  
分析:缺少主谓,选择B, it 用在句子的句首,只可能作强调句型或者形式主语。空格后是一个名词短语,只有B与之构成完整的句子。A语义不完整,C、D则使整个句子成了让步从句而缺主句,故都可排除。 O(evlci  
" AvEo  
MA tF,  
二十一、which 引导的定语从句结构 OkQ< Sc   
which是关系代词,which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子, =Cf@!wZ^  
在这个句子中,which要作成分,作主语或者宾语 ^K`PYai  
)5`^@zx  
in which+完整的句子 l{rHXST|  
which在定语从句中作in的宾语,所以不能作后面句子的主语 qtVgjT2#H  
De$Ic"Z9L  
名词+of which+谓语动词 0RdW.rZJ  
of which来修饰名词,名词在定语从句中作主语,所以后面直接跟谓语动词 {nZP4jze  
4%v-)HGh  
例1:In blank verse--of ten syllables, five of s#8}&2#l  
   which are accented. }5" Rj<  
   (A) line consists of each p/ZgzHyF  
   (B) consists of each line \o,et9zDJ3  
   (C) each line consists Rwj 3o  
   (D) it consists of each line G?s;L NR  
分析:空格前后均为介词词组,逗号后为非限定性定语从句,空格处缺主句主谓成分。A单数名词line前没有限定词,而且语义不清,B没有主语,D中it 指代不明,所以选C。 ak}k e  
   five of which are accented表示其中五个要被重读,of which修饰five, 十个中的五个 R,!a X"]|  
o 8^!wGY  
例2:The spiral threads of spider's web have a r,,*kE  
   sticky substance on them ------ insects. NCkrf]*F-  
   (A) traps   [A uA<  
   (B) trap its  ayf;'1  
   (C) which traps ?6[u\V  
   (D) which it traps coXm*X>z  
分析:空格前为完整的主谓结构,后面是一个名词,A和B显然不能与前面的谓语动词并列,故可以首先排除。D中的代词it明显是多余的,故也不对。C为正确选项,其中关系代词which指代前面的名词短语a sticky substance。网上有粘状的物质来诱捕昆虫。 I*+*Wf  
g>?,,y6/w  
例3:Traditionally, ethnographers and linguists d m83YCdL  
  have paid little attention to cultural BYI13jMH+Y  
   A             {y!77>Q/  
  interpretations given to silence, or to the types of fxD|_  
         B      C }WNgKw  
  social contexts in which tends to occur. P^/e!%UgC  
           D G;msq=9|  
分析:D错,in which后面跟完整句子。In which it, it 指代silence, or to 和第二行的to并列 7:)$oH  
V,3$>4x  
例4:After the First World War, the author Anais Nin m,]h7xx  
   became interested in the art movement "OKsl2e  
   known as Surrealism and in psychoanalysis, 4d ]T`  
   both --her novels and short stories. 8+~|!)a  
   (A) in which the influence /I#SP/M&l  
   (B) of which influenced CY8= prC  
   (C) to have influence #kEa&Se  
   (D) its influence in /aMeKM[L`  
分析:第二个逗号前为结构完整的句子,A中有从句引导词which, 却没有谓语动词,构成不了完整的句子。C中最后一个词为名词,无法与后面的名词短语连接,D构成名词短语,不合题意,而且名词influence一般接介词on, 故三个选项都可排除。B构成一个非限定性定语从句,故选B。
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2008-09-04   
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
免费考博网网址是什么? 正确答案:freekaobo.com
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交