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一、时态、语态 :uy8$g*;TE
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时态、语态需要掌握的要点: u;18s-NY
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1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时,同样不用于完成进行时: a@$ U?=\e
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(1)表示感知的动词:hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell; AD^9?Z
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(2)表示意愿、情感的动词:desire, dislike, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate; [ R1S+i
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(3)表示思考、看法的动词:believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose; yb*P&si5bY
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(4)表示所有、占有的动词:belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容纳); UhQ [|c
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(5)其他动词:cost, appear, concern, contain, consist, deserve, matter, seem。 flDe*F^
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如: :c3}J<Z
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I’d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal. {)nm
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(1997年考研题, belong表示归属,不用于进行式) d~@&*1}
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He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night. +>mbBu!7
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(1990年考研题,see表示结果,不用于进行式) l6Wa~
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2. 不用will/shall表达将来时的形式: l]D?S]{a
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(1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图; ZD\`~I|gp
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(2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作; 5q?2?j/h
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(3)be to (do)表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事,如: 6U[`CGL66
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Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided. R&}"En`$s
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(4)be about to (do)表示将要(做),如: G?$|aQ0j
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Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders. [r,a0s
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(5)be on the point /verge of (doing)表示“马上就要”,一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用; 70bI}/u
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(6)be, begin, come, depart, get off, go, leave, return, start的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件,如: 3db ,6R
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If you want your film to be properly processed, you’ll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow. 2Zt :]be
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(画线部分一般不用will be) G|eY$5!i
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(7)在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如: `x%v&>
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I don’t know where he will go tomorrow. 我不知道他明天去哪儿。(宾语从句) M#o.$+Uh
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I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。(宾语从句) uYjE)"
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比较:I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。(状语从句) <vxj*M;
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(8)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如: O.61-rp
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See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.
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(include 不能用will include或其他形式) /5cFa
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3.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语: ?,G
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(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。如: {OFbU
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We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door. g\9I&
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