中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题 Ym2m1
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II. Vocabulary (10 points) PS]XLz
PartA (5 points) RIc<
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices 8+|L ph`/?
marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the O]!
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sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across "t`e68{Ls
the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. <v^.FxId
Example: U]3JCZ{]0E
She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ {IwYoR aXa
A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically (o=iX,@'2
The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce g8yZc}4
domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. 46`{mPd{aO
Sample Answer ~epkRO="
[A] [B] [C] [D] % m$Mnx
1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the f& *E;l0
present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ 5?"ZM'4
patriotism. 2O>iAzc
A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable c+VUk*c3
Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and 9r}}m0
fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. 0\A[a4crj
A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions n$iz
3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it 2x
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sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. $dVjxo
A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere 9m>_qWaA
4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife vzPrG%Uu7g
for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set *}=W wG
up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. @m4d 4K@
A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve VPzdT*g]
5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking wu3ZSLY
15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. b9Nw98`
A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated u)ItML
6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and bcg)K`'N
frustrated thousands of users around the world. 4}`MV .
A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria p+Xz9A"
7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of bK7DGw`1
competition in schools. 7P]pk=mo
A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate B _ >|Mo/
8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his -!"8j"pA:
grandparents lived. H.e@w3+h
A. reconciled B. consolidated b
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C. deteriorated D. attributed X^`ld&^*({
9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to Z2r\aZ-d`
practice his Chinese. 0nX5
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A. passed on B. passed up C. passed by D. passed out `*B8IT)
10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be @%K 8oYK
distributed. H}X"yLog*
A. paradoxes B. legacies C. platitudes D. analogin ?k-IS5G
Part B (5 points) ?hO*~w;UU|
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase Nz8iU@!a
underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and 6%>0g^`)9Y
D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part. "D+QT+sD
Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square "o`(
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bracket on ANSWER SHEET I. H]-nm+
Example: Zn/1uWO
The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one GIp?}tM
.. ;.,ca, ODe CBc}N(9
bour. q?6Zu:':
A. careful B. industrious C. clever D. capable (%bfNs|
In this sentence, "competent" is closest -;n m e:zting to "capable". Therefore 0kDT:3
you should choose D. >Kxl+F
Sample Answer 7Sokn?~i
[A] [B] [C] [DD] &]5<^?3
11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional .!&YO/
roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby. E-RbFTVBA
A. depict B. advocate D; criticize D. analyze dK=BH=S2?X
12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their 79&Mc,69
family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival. SU*P@?:/}
A.confirm B. achieve C.match D exaggerate ,5q^/h
13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic____ industrial wastes. tZ(Wh
A. imminent B. recyclable C. smelly D. poisonous bw@tA7Y
i4. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would 371E S4
nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction. 1Eg,iTn2*x
A. allies B. delegates C. voters D. juries "~GudK &
15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and p
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our own retirement security is ,chilling. /wmJMX
A. frightening B. promising C. freezing D. revealing y`'Ly@s
16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British z\fk?Tj<ro
Crown. `W"-jz5#=
A. secret plan B. bold attack C. clever design D. joint effort ,u$$w
17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous e{"d6pF=
researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different )m?oQ#`m
beorefical and political positions. Y~Zg^x2
A. trustworthy B. intelligent C. diligent D. meticulous
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18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women g-6!+>w*>e
being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region. ?
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A. intriguing B. exasperating: C. demonstrative D. unprovoked u6I# D
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19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up fz<Y9h=
faces for .nocturnal raids in the forest. Oi7|R7NE
A. illegal B. night-time C, brutal D. abusive (RGl, x:
20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a 75<E 0O
more avid fondness for the limelight, !m78 /[LW
A. mercurial B, gallant C. ardent D. frugal /Z
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III. Cloze (10 points) 0\u_\%[
Directions : Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each |Y:T3hra61
numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the &u$l2hSS
square bracket on Answer Sheet I. @Yy=HV
Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, ^
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___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full- time passion. The g=a-zg9LX
two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates @"Do8p!*(6
___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in P%
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April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet. D,]m7yFT
Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too
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long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on <PXA`]x~
Yahoo. MwXgaSV
During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed >[ywrB ?T
to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the {_PV~8u
service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community. They developed 61CNEzQ
customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material bSBI[S
___32___ on the Intemet. The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for "Yet 9v0f4Pbxm
Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". but Filo and Yang insist they selected _/7[=e}y
the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first 4{*K%pv\
___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was (Z
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___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, "Konishiki". 7-bU9{5
In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication Z
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in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files v||8Q\d
___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's yP~D."
computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc. Today, 2i8'*L+j
Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers X=_N7!
linked to the web. mLKwk6I
1. A. became B. grew C. mm D. intend ^hTq~ "
2. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned 'N0d==aI
3. A. in B. on C. about D. fer ExV>s* y
4. A. touch ?. contact C. n-ack D. record %q(n'^#Z.y
5. A. founded E. found C. argued D. reported zLC\Rc4
6. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D invaluable Uo5l
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7. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted L@9"6&
8. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate |Ax~zk;
9. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly 0|HD(d`a
10. A. relative B. interactive C.bound D. contacted /3'>MRzR
11. A. fluently B. efficiently C.exactly D. actually M%sWtgw(
12. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. [u=b[(
13. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed u%3Z +[
I4. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand qtD3<iWV
15. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched sf@g $
16. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked |'b=xeH.^<
17. A. over B, away C. inside D. beneath hyVuZ\9B
18. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. bidden teQ%t~PJ-&
19. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal ?UQE;0 B
20. A. attains B.detains C. maintains D. contains E;9SsA
IV. Reading Comprehension (20 points) Z,_yE*q
Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices rG}o!I`z
marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark '$UlJDZ
the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the e:6R +8s2
ANSWER SHEET. 5<Xq7|Jt
Passage 1 CXb)k.L
Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break jx+%X\zokA
babies. Nq"/:3@4
One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children 2_R'Kl![
spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the GadQ \>
length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities hF.9\X]
are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of Lg
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the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often ZBB^?FF
result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit
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activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could 0' @^PzX
gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity. 8~u#?xs6
The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd 1ZOHyO
handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements #-+!t<\
awkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines on e
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a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper a#nVRPU8m
with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the +>@<'YI<
borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters NgaX&m`
within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them AL>*Vj2h/n
refine their skills.
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The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students X@*$3z#Z
who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can s"*zyLUUo
remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and L6fc_Mo.EE
tell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several Ig-9Y;hdmn
airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for HW;,XzP=
not building airplanes. =cs;avtL
Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their Ix93/FAn
physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might )cbe4
decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has @
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begun. U
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The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and x00"d$!
misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The yQ?N*'}$
media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read OW<i"?0
them while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, g7res
the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books t,4q]Jt
rather than for talking with other students. >wS52ng
In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher b*LEoQSl0V
realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very 3@kiUbq7Eu
boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, (Hb
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such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students qOVs9'R
and raise their interest in the course. ;Oh4W<hH}
41. The purpose of this passage is to___ m=b~Wf39
A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate Nc:, [8{l
42. Guthrie identified three methods for__ ;Y5"[C9|
A. educating students B. altering bad habits POwJhT
C. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies $=uyZTYF)}
43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold
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method? :[z
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A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the :j)H;@[I
child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it. =G2D4>q
B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young 4vq,W_n.hQ
children and gradually increase session length but not to where students PLf
become frustrated or bored. n0 q5|
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C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is jU
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introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting. )F4H'
D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his [,e[~J`C
parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys. gq~>S1
44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands Vb*q^
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busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over Ve#VGlI
time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than GzxtC&
snac 'king. What method is used in this example? S G|``}OA
A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method. KoVy,@
C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method. 0(\ybppx
45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that G{
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A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted )_N|r$i\
response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes flDe*F^
exhausted k0~mK7k
B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a }UNRe]ft$
response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be H~UxVQLPp
performed simultaneously awLN>KI]</
C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde Sd/?xyF1(
into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes o"dX3jd
a cue for not performing it P6V_cw$
D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child .|`JS?L[
make response incompatible with unwanted response T^.;yU_B?
Passage 2 U/'"w
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The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot 2 Pn
afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. yx?Z&9z <