英语中基本句式 #~C]ZrK
tjdaaN#,V
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: g*03{l#P
S十V主谓结构 )qo {c1X
S十V十F主系表结构 O(D~_O.
S十V十O主谓宾结构
1~Oe=`{&
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 }\\KYyjY
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 n1ly
y0%u
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 OY;*zk
五个基本句式详细解释如下: 2jR r,Nl
1.S十V句式 $\]&rZVi
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: |wiqGzAr{
He runs quickly. 0
q}*S~
他跑得快。 c:<005\Bg
They listened carefully. lI *o@wQg
他们听得很仔细。 IsZHelg
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) [d(U38BI
他挨冻受饿。 j|U#)v/
China belongs to the third world country. pEBM3r!X
中国属于第三世界国家。 &cxRD
The gas has given out. gQ'zW
煤气用完了。 =t9\^RIx)?
My ink has run out. bM {s
T"
我的钢笔水用完了。 ^@3sT,M,S
2.S十V十P句式 $ M`hh{ -
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: NdMb)l)m
He is older than he looks. '*5i)^
他比看上去要老。 K@I
D/]PF
He seen interested in the book. 7
n8"/0kc:
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 06O2:5zF
The story sounds interesting. (gP)%
这个故事听起来有趣。 lR )67a
The desk feels hard. ~Sj9GxTe
书桌摸起来很硬。 W42iu"@
The cake tastes nice. @
[:ZS+1
饼尝起来很香。 h2Ld[xvCu%
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. ;LcZ`1
花闻起来香甜。 [pbo4e,4O
You have grown taller than before. gG0!C))8
你长得比以前高了。 ojaws+(& y
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) 4!Fo$
9
他突然病倒了。 _K]_
@Ivh
He stood quite still. l4F%VR4KT
他静静地站看。 zQcL|(N
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. nV"~-On
他长大后当了教师。 ns9U/:L
He could never turn traitor to his country. 'GNK "XA^
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 aOlT;h
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: Ro\8ZXUQa
He looked me up and down. s^Y"' ` +
他上下打量我。 \hTm)-FP
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. VEWi_;=J1
他伸出手来摸象。 '*K :
lx
They are tasting the fish. 95ZyP!
他们在品尝鱼。 qX/y5F`
They grow rice in their home town. h{%nC>m;
他们在家乡种水稻。
SWH2
He's got a chair to sit on. ^]H5h ]U'
他有椅子坐。 qraSRK5
Please turn the sentence into English. <fZyAa3}
请把这个句于泽成英语。 +9M^7/}H
3.S十V十O句式 RiDJ> 6S
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: tI`Q /a5@
I saw a film yesterday. t>L;kRujVJ
我昨天看了一部电影。 h?AS{`.1
Have you read the story? dzARI`
你读过这个故事吗? Yrb{ByO&
They found their home easily. )B
T
他们很容易找到他们的家。 +NeOSQSj
They built a house last year. <NR#Y%}-V
他们去年建了一所房子。 R_ B7EP
They've put up a factory in the village. ;ic3).H
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 lG9bLiFY
They have taken good care of the children. \MA+f~)9
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 H['N
You should look after your children well. )mg:_K
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 hB"fhX
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 \RNNg
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: n D0K).=Q
He gave me a book/a book to me.
zkt+7,vI
他给我一本书。 `[z<4"Os
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. &4 {KV.
他带给我一枝钢笔。 :yL] ;J
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. GD&uQ`Y5
他把座位让给我。 xmN
B29#
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: Lco~,OE
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. S{Kiy#ltWc
妈妈给我买了一本书。 .S!mf
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
L(/e&J@><
他给我弄了一把椅子。 8Ry3`ct
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. Rvkedb
请帮我一下。 hjU::m,WX
He asked me a question/a question of me. dWM'fg
他问我个问题。 3YeG$^y"
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: % "kPvI3Y
They robbed the old man of his money. ; PF`Wj
他们抢了老人的钱。 ~t@cO.c
He's warned me of the danger. nxY\|@
他警告我注意危险。 &LmJ!^#
The doctor has cured him of his disease. ,oORW/0iS
医生治好了他的病。 bADnW4N`6;
We must rid the house of th erats. heltgRt
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 _U$<xVnP
They deprived him of his right to speak. ZWii)0'PV
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 ^aIPN5CK
5.S十V十O十C句式 1;d$#j
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 jLy
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 "C?#SO
B
They made the girl angry. Nw:GCf-L
他们使这个女孩生气了。 &*sP/z
They found her happy that day. Q0$8j-1I
他们发现那天她很高兴。 ylUb9KusOx
I found him out. 9 ^o-EC!_
我发现他出去了。
v.\*./-i
I saw him in. SEORSS
我见他在家。 `{4i)n%e&
They saw a foot mark in the sand. Twh!X*uQ
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 d; [C6d
They named the boy Charlie. 1pQn8[sc@
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 ~Xr=4V:a+
I saw him come in and go out. .R`5Qds*l
我见他进来又出去。 >PB4L_1
They felt the car moving fast. mCRt8rY;
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 }p=Jm)y
I heard the glass broken just now. BMhy=+\
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 U
s
gK
He found the doctor of study closed to him. M=.:,wRm
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 =5aDM\L$&
(
Wa
k-Q%.o