英语中基本句式 9]iDNa/D
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: xUYSD
S十V主谓结构 M6>l%
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S十V十F主系表结构 YA jk'
S十V十O主谓宾结构 `#hy'S:e
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 !u"Hf7/
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 T!n<ya!
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 fN9hBC@
五个基本句式详细解释如下: EpiagCS
1.S十V句式 UCQL~
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: W\Gg!XsLk
He runs quickly. q+ .=f.+Z
他跑得快。 Gfvz%%>l
They listened carefully. g$+3IVq&
他们听得很仔细。
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He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) ;,<s'5icyg
他挨冻受饿。 Y=5hm
China belongs to the third world country. !U91
中国属于第三世界国家。 TnC'<zm9!
The gas has given out. Gce![<|ph
煤气用完了。 U_:/>8})d
My ink has run out. n4ISHxM
我的钢笔水用完了。 *2 [r?!
2.S十V十P句式 Z$q}y
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在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: uQ{M<%K
He is older than he looks. #e=[W))
他比看上去要老。 rTx]%{
He seen interested in the book. 5y.kOe4vH
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 CrK}mbe
The story sounds interesting. V
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这个故事听起来有趣。 . }^m8PP
The desk feels hard. u-8,9
书桌摸起来很硬。 ;XANITV
The cake tastes nice. B
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饼尝起来很香。 orJN#0v4
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. PKmr5FB
花闻起来香甜。 L,BuzU[1S
You have grown taller than before. {"-uaH>,
你长得比以前高了。 y%f'7YZ4
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) :W^
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他突然病倒了。 %A%^;3@
He stood quite still. ;~F&b:CyG
他静静地站看。 N
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He becomes a teacher when he grew up. HW"@~-\
他长大后当了教师。 R
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He could never turn traitor to his country. s,Azcqem
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 d0YDNP%,_
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: l$
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He looked me up and down. aYW9C<5
他上下打量我。 }hRw{#*8
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. vY)5<z&
他伸出手来摸象。 OXp(rJ*bK
They are tasting the fish. mBN+c9n/
他们在品尝鱼。 2+s#5K&i
They grow rice in their home town. 17la/7l<
他们在家乡种水稻。 3n_N^q}
He's got a chair to sit on. Vq$8!#~w
他有椅子坐。 Opavno%&
Please turn the sentence into English. Nux
请把这个句于泽成英语。 l$Y*ii
3.S十V十O句式 J~}sQ{ 0
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: @k+K_gR
I saw a film yesterday. Xrl# DN
我昨天看了一部电影。 T
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Have you read the story? BD,J4xH;
你读过这个故事吗? $:|?z_@
They found their home easily. ;&c9!LfP
他们很容易找到他们的家。 'C7$,H'
They built a house last year. <
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他们去年建了一所房子。 O@HL%ha
They've put up a factory in the village.
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他们在村里建了一座工厂。 @.)WS\Cv#E
They have taken good care of the children. Gv&%cq1
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 yXQ 28A
You should look after your children well. {X5G
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 H1c>3c
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 XTJA"y
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: c+{ ar^)*
He gave me a book/a book to me. l}@C'Np
他给我一本书。 yMEI^,0"
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. .oM;D~(=9
他带给我一枝钢笔。 r{{5@
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 5?A<('2
他把座位让给我。 d*x&Uh[K
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: A
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Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 1 F&}e&}c
妈妈给我买了一本书。 a4XK.[O
He got me a chair/a chair for me. ymn@1BA8J
他给我弄了一把椅子。 ydMhb367|
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. Wo Z@
请帮我一下。 .l,]yWwfK
He asked me a question/a question of me. cSjX/%*!m
他问我个问题。 dXPTW;w
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: p0D@O_
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They robbed the old man of his money. 411z-aS
他们抢了老人的钱。 Qb7&S5m
He's warned me of the danger. PzT@q\O
他警告我注意危险。
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The doctor has cured him of his disease. ,&g-DCag
医生治好了他的病。 l
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We must rid the house of th erats. 8g=];@z
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 N'PK4:
They deprived him of his right to speak. ?BbEQr
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 @V&HE:P
5.S十V十O十C句式 WR u/7$8
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 ><$V:nsEO
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 .J=QWfqt
They made the girl angry. UR(i_T&w
他们使这个女孩生气了。 sGh TP/
They found her happy that day. #ApmJLeCO
他们发现那天她很高兴。 ]
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I found him out. We*uZ?+
我发现他出去了。 ?X\uzu
I saw him in. b2RW=m-
我见他在家。 ~mZ[@Z
They saw a foot mark in the sand. i[wnG )
他们发现沙地上有脚印。
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They named the boy Charlie. A<(Fn_&W
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 )`2ncb
I saw him come in and go out. s=1 k9
我见他进来又出去。 -Vs;4-B{9
They felt the car moving fast. 9|NF)
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他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 `=kiqF2P}
I heard the glass broken just now. 7\H_9o0$
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 y'<5P~W!a
He found the doctor of study closed to him. K;`W4:,
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 @PK
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