英语中基本句式 J&mZsa)4
d\% |!ix
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: M^f+R'Q3
S十V主谓结构 a o"\L0;{
S十V十F主系表结构 x
aQO=[
S十V十O主谓宾结构 i8CO+Iv*{
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 3iKBVN
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 @3T)J,f
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 !% ' dyj
五个基本句式详细解释如下:
Ct-^-XD
1.S十V句式 rUJIf;Zwo
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: 2`2S94'
He runs quickly. a!iG;:K
他跑得快。 uvbXsO"z]]
They listened carefully. E'_3U5U
他们听得很仔细。
nQy %av$
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) <$ H-/~Y
他挨冻受饿。 9Tju+KcK
China belongs to the third world country. 9d5|rk8VS
中国属于第三世界国家。 [^rMM1^,OB
The gas has given out. '
];|
煤气用完了。 K<#Q;(SF U
My ink has run out. {`X O3
我的钢笔水用完了。 Tj[=E
2.S十V十P句式 KG8:F].u(
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:
OhNEt>
He is older than he looks. },tN{(
)
他比看上去要老。 r]6X
He seen interested in the book. p bRU"
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 hoJ{C 0
The story sounds interesting. L("zS%qr
这个故事听起来有趣。 =zetZJg
The desk feels hard. 0P?\eoB@8
书桌摸起来很硬。 E;*JD x
The cake tastes nice. G/y@`A)
饼尝起来很香。 2%i3[N*
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. EKr#i}(x<
花闻起来香甜。 v \xuq`
You have grown taller than before. K0YUN^St
你长得比以前高了。 H0 %;t
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) GM{J3O=
他突然病倒了。 =o<iBbK#|
He stood quite still.
AhNy+p{
他静静地站看。 +^@;J?O
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. q%rfKHMA50
他长大后当了教师。 _7^4sR8=
He could never turn traitor to his country. "&Y5Nh
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 *!W<yNrR
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: Z2.S:y.
He looked me up and down. kr=&x)Wy!
他上下打量我。 /-mo8]J#2~
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. @ff83Bg
他伸出手来摸象。 N8-!}\,
They are tasting the fish. X
(0`"rjg
他们在品尝鱼。 kCuIEv@
They grow rice in their home town. sC ^9
他们在家乡种水稻。 LYV\|a{Y
He's got a chair to sit on. a2vZ'
他有椅子坐。 *fI
b|r
Please turn the sentence into English. +)cjW"9
请把这个句于泽成英语。 2y"|l
3.S十V十O句式 ZB|
y
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 1(;_1@P
I saw a film yesterday. :I)WSXP9h
我昨天看了一部电影。 <)J83D0$E
Have you read the story? b;AGw3SF
你读过这个故事吗? th 9I]g^=t
They found their home easily. Te :4z@?
他们很容易找到他们的家。 10C,\
They built a house last year. RdtF5#\z
他们去年建了一所房子。 |hlc#t?
They've put up a factory in the village. /@!%/Kl
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 , (Bo .(]
They have taken good care of the children. &.ENcEic
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 c[h{C!d1
You should look after your children well.
GW[g!66^
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 8pEiU/V
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 :zWI"
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: 63EwV p/|
He gave me a book/a book to me. Qel2OI `b
他给我一本书。
a*oqhOTQ
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. f7mN,_Lt
他带给我一枝钢笔。
2^\67@9
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. tcm?qro)
他把座位让给我。 w
Tu_Am
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: "Q>gQK
gL
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. -{^I T`
妈妈给我买了一本书。 6hW ~Q
He got me a chair/a chair for me. fH#*r|~
他给我弄了一把椅子。 lHTW e'
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. e)#O-y
请帮我一下。 b#17N2xkT
He asked me a question/a question of me. jgz}
他问我个问题。 re$xeq\1P?
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: 323zR*\m
They robbed the old man of his money. y,.X5#rnX*
他们抢了老人的钱。 MPtn$@
He's warned me of the danger. vjzpU(Sq#
他警告我注意危险。 U)PN
Y
The doctor has cured him of his disease. b,k%n_&n
医生治好了他的病。 us_o{
We must rid the house of th erats. ~)
ecQ
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 }:b6WN;c
They deprived him of his right to speak. 1&Fty'p
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 em@bxyMm
5.S十V十O十C句式 |9Gng`)
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 N y\c>$z
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ~=!d>f~U
They made the girl angry. &
8##)tS(y
他们使这个女孩生气了。 n O^m
They found her happy that day. iq25|{1$
他们发现那天她很高兴。 aZk/\&=6
I found him out. ~ _!lx
我发现他出去了。 o!\Q,
I saw him in.
\A{ [2
我见他在家。 O!,WH?r
They saw a foot mark in the sand. *FINNNARB
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 4/z
K3%J
They named the boy Charlie. h~!KNF*XW
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 J'Z!`R|
I saw him come in and go out. z]^u@]@NC
我见他进来又出去。 4*)a3jI?
They felt the car moving fast. :RxWHh3O
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 w ,6zbI/
I heard the glass broken just now. i;CVgdQ8
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 "
hD6Z
He found the doctor of study closed to him. ,y>%m;jL
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 2j*+^&M/
oy;g;dtq
_$Wj1h