考博英语语法重点总结 Cmm"K[>Rx
j ?i Ur2
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 9qI
UBH e
独立主格特征 .6 !IO^`[
1. 充当句子的状语。 x1Q}B
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 KwN o/x|
v
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 O _ nk8
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） `)` _G!a
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. l$z[Vh^UU<
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. tE]g*]o
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). V2ypmkn 8&
真题剖析 @z EEX9U
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. RV.z xPw>>
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because = PqQJE}
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. z: ^Kr"= n
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be ZFOYYht
虚拟语气 z tHGY
虚拟语气（2） ^LfCLI 9Z
1. （should）+动词原形 )?%FU?2jrn
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 M/5/Tp
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 FZ #ngrT
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 T$06DS
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 >f^&^28
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 6.6~w\fR8
would rather +动词过去式 % rdW:
真题剖析 uwj/]#`
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … w^ui%9
&6H
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t .hg<\-:_
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 5w gtc ~
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ci+P g9sS
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ;J2U5Y NO
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take ,YSQ og
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. EX>> -D7L
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) teUCK(;23
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should =gGK24 3
非谓语动词 elWN-~
动名词、分词、不定式。 ~1S7\e7{
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 3hmuF6y~
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 9u1_L`+b
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 UIL5 K
真题剖析 9*[ !uu
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 5BS -q"
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops H$Q$3Q!`
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ( {m["d
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative $B~a*zZ7
主谓一致 bC$n+G>6k
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 D?}LKs[
How you got there doesn’t concern me. _(
w4 \]
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. <9"s&G@
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 zO2 <Igb
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. k|BY 7C
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 4-E9a _
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 pA4/ '7nCl
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). -hQ=0h~\B.
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 uji])e MN~
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. QD BptI:
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) aMm`G}9n
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） qlPjz*<h"H
He no less than John is interested in literature. q1r\ 60M
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) .NCQiQ
Either my father or my brothers are coming. {
zlq 6z
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 & |9mM=^
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. E I EwrC
真题剖析 hh+GW*'~
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. '! yyg#
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some -<ZzYQk^h
倒装 ~`*:E'/5k]
全部倒装 "
8;D^
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” QHP^ 1W`
There stand big buildings in this district. YX^{lD1Jj
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. tSY eZ~
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) /I[cj3}{+f
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. G`6 U t
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 :w:5;cm V
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. %{zM> le9
4. 表语位于句首 fQOaTsyA
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. d[TcA2nF
Not far from here is a famous university.
~+CNED0z+
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 @3VL
_g:
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. yQou8P=%
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. %*eZoLD g]
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） `f6Qd2\
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. pKr
3(5~
部分倒装 .rxc"fR4_
1. 疑问句 C$,S#n@
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） zoUW }O
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. xl# j _d,
3. “only+状语”位于句首 [ K"v)B'
Only when he comes back can be leave. r>z8DX
@
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ~x4Y57
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ?hfos Bn&[
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) rWbL _1Eq
By no means should you break the rules. Nk=M
At no time should we give in to difficulties. *}mtVa_|
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) K32eZv`T7
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” Y~J q !
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. (AwbZ n*
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. (8H^{2 K~
