考博英语语法重点总结 Ctxs]S tU%
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 Bl-nS{9
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独立主格特征 hbh h
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1. 充当句子的状语。 *r)/.rK_
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Efb>ZQ
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词
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4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） dF*@G/p>V
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. \iAkF`OC
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. A('=P} I^
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). Y&aFAjj
真题剖析 'H2TwSbIXI
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. sn&y;Vc[$
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because 2H_|Attoi
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. o~,dkV
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be w:
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虚拟语气 , gk49z9
虚拟语气（2） Ns2M8
1. （should）+动词原形 @CU3V+
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 V2cLwQ'0
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 )_OKw?Zi
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 rG1l:Z )
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 yHl1:cf(y
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 wp`a:QZ8N
would rather +动词过去式 \5 IB/ *
真题剖析 ./LD
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ^$SI5WK&)
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 0 '`>2 0Y
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded QWv +J a
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. t \E#8
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take q?g4**C
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Vm 6G5QwM
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) -l<b|`s=w.
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should K O "U5v
非谓语动词 bsy\L|wd
动名词、分词、不定式。 )#z c$D^U
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) L O<R<zz
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) n=l>d#}$%T
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 E&P'@'Yk
真题剖析 Y&KI/]ly,L
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Tz3 L#0:j
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops .)o<'u@Ri
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. yjlX@YXnw
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative ra=U,
主谓一致 wl H 6
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 &
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. `"zXf -qeE
Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 m`gH5vQa
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. .6aC2A]es
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 U8 qb2'a8
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). d \dh"/ _$
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 O4J <u-E$
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. +U{8Mj
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) "/[xak!g
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） F
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He no less than John is interested in literature. QG
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 9`
Either my father or my brothers are coming. wb~B Y
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 .Qk T-12
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 3gtQS3$4s
真题剖析 Pj(Dl C7G,
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. j=b?WNK
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some h=h4`uA9
倒装 G y 0 m
全部倒装 Ug(;\*yg
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” W
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There stand big buildings in this district. 2$ m#)*\
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ]e`&py E
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 0?c2=
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. &%eWCe+ +
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 \ %& BK.t
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. t<=Ru *p
4. 表语位于句首 jlaU3qXL
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. RE)! b
Not far from here is a famous university. u}_,4J
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 T(
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. @ ;T|`Y=7
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. : \hcl&W:
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） 3an9Rb V
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. Y=G9|7 *lO
部分倒装 b$@vJ7V!
1. 疑问句
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2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） aMv?D(Meb
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. Ygeg[S!7
3. “only+状语”位于句首 M~/Pk7C C
Only when he comes back can be leave. uX/K/4
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 5;v_?M!UCK
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 3{:AG,G
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Zc!rL0T
By no means should you break the rules. E5 ;6ks)
At no time should we give in to difficulties. x." R_>
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 7{z\^R^O
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” }>93X0%r
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 5S9i>B
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. 8n&Gn%DvX
