考博英语语法重点总结 -J,Q;tj
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ImIqD&a-h
独立主格特征 yl-fbYH
1. 充当句子的状语。 6b?`:$Cw3)
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 \M5P+Wk'
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 =<{h^-j;a
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) vwKw?Z0%J
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. +YTx
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. <uZPqi||
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). McjS)4j&.
真题剖析 ->\N_|_
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. !!FR[NK
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because IX9K.f
练习:Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. q7,^E`5EgU
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be nfX12y_SXL
虚拟语气 IAI(Ix
虚拟语气(2) Y0@yD#,0~
1. (should)+动词原形 6
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 B7HQR{t
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 3 > |uF
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 $jG4p
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部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 xP{-19s1]
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 EKuSnlTXba
would rather +动词过去式 ExCM<$,
真题剖析 vZ@g@zB4o0
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … Vclr2]eV4O
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t /
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. P16YS8$
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded 3OP.12^
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. +K^h!d]
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take =Vb~s+YW
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. %/T7Z;d
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) F;u_7OM
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should -U-P}6^
非谓语动词 }>}1oUCi
动名词、分词、不定式。 r`6:Q&&
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) J02^i5l
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 1fFj:p./l_
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 `~h4D(n`
真题剖析 DM),|Nq"
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 40#9]=;}
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ;`(R7X
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 5~+XZA#2
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative ?Elg?)os
主谓一致 &yIGr`;
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 =X1?_~}
How you got there doesn’t concern me. a1c1k}
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. CQ^3v09N;~
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 WeMAe
w/d
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. >w|*ei:@S
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 H&4~Uo.5
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 zY=jXa)K~
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). OP! R[27>
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 9}P"
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. U \oy8FZ
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) K84^O
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) xT*d/Oa w
He no less than John is interested in literature. g(hOg~S\E
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) <
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. *>q/WLR
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 aFj.i8+
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. /)>S<X
真题剖析 r"{<%e
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. E JK0
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some r8/l P}(F
倒装 ?KE$r~dn
全部倒装 OJO!FH)
1. “There (Here) +be+主语”
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There stand big buildings in this district. qu|i;WZE
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 'UU\4M
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) ?>
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 3=0E!e
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 Ms^dRe)
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. wBSQ:f]g
4. 表语位于句首 _BM4>r?\
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 'lz"2@4{
Not far from here is a famous university.
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5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 |N /G'>TS
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. *Zk>2<^R
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. K2)!h.W
6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) uQ1@b-e`5
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil.
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部分倒装 0%Ll
1. 疑问句 yay<GP?
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) 13k
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. kRJ4-n^@><
3. “only+状语”位于句首 Dim>
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Only when he comes back can be leave. \Q?ip&R
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 d*8 $>GA
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. $ ,Ck70_
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…)
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By no means should you break the rules. `4?~nbz
At no time should we give in to difficulties. 0oZsb\
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) ipnV$!z
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” ~/pzxo$
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 4rT*tW"U
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. } p
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