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昆明理工大学英语真题2009

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昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 /JT#^Y
考试科目代码：英语                考试科目名称：111
试题适用招生专业：非英语专业            (T2m"Yi:
考生答题须知 ZI=v.wa
1．   所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．   评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．   答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．   答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

Part I   Listening Comprehension         (10%)    （每题0.5分） QVtQx>K`
    Part II   Grammar and Vocabulary          (20%) （每题0.5分） k-}b{
   Directions: In this part, there are 40 incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase which keeps the closest meaning to the original sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. 73){K?R
11. The monopoly-capitalist group      many smaller enterprises last year.
   A. integrated      B. merged      C. combined        D. collected
12. The local authority      the company an interest-free loan to start up the new factory.
   A. granted        B. allocated      C. financed        D. sponsored
13. My father has been on the      in this factory for nearly 20 years.
   A. pay packet     B. payoff         C. payroll         D. payment
14. Why is there      traffic on the streets today than yesterday?
   A. less           B. little        C. fewer            D. few
15. Black people are by no means      white people.
   A. inferior over                B. more inferior than
C. inferior to                  D. more inferior to
16. Why should anyone want to read      of books by great authors when the real pleasure comes from reading the originals.
A. themes       B. insights         C. digests        D. leaflets

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 (I./ Uu%

17. Parents have legal      to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.
   A. impulse       B. influence       C. obligation       D. sympathy
18. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a       .
   A. scarcity       B. minority       C. minimum        D. shortage
19. David likes country life and has decided to      farming.
   A. go in for                      B. go back on
C. go through with                D. go along with
20. Jack was about to announce our plan but I       .
   A. put him through    B. turned him out   C. gave him up   D. cut him short
21. I am sure I can      him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.
   A. speak         B. say            C. talk             D. tell
22. Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply      .
   A. declined     B. lessened        C. descended        D. slipped
23. The republication of the poet’s most recent works will certainly   his national reputation.
   A. magnify      B. strengthen     C. enlarge        D. enhance
24. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children    a violent act previously seen on television.
   A. modifying    B. duplicating     C. accelerating    D. stimulating
25. This kind of material can      heat and moisture.
    A. delete      B. compel        C. constrain       D. repel
26. He is    about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.
   A. optimistic    B. optional       C. outstanding     D. obvious
27. The director was critical      the way we were doing the work.
   A. at          B. in            C. of             D. with
28. In a sudden      of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.
   A. attack       B. burst         C. split           D. blast

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 1oWED*B

29. In Britain, people      four million tons of potatoes every year.
   A. swallow      B. dispose      C. consume        D. exhaust
30. I’d    his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.
A. take into account             B. account for
C. make up for                 D. make out
31. The precious manuscripts were hopelessly      by long exposure in the cold, damp cellar.
   A. ruined        B. damaged        C. destroyed      D. harmed
32. My boss insists on seeing everything in      before he makes a decision.
   A. black and blue                B. red and blue
C. black and white               D. green and yellow
33. The work is not very profitable    cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it.
   A. in the light of                 B. according to
   C. on the basis of                 D. in terms of
34. His attention often      at lectures, No wonder he failed the exam.
   A. branched      B. wondered       C. wandered      D. went out
35. It’s often a mistake to     appearance: that poor-looking individual is anything but poor. In fact, he is a millionaire.
   A. go over       B. go by          C. go against      D. go for
36. He doesn’t seem to be able to      any interest in his studies.
   A. make up     B. work up         C. turn up       D. use up
37. When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them      .
    A. off          B. aside           C. out          D. down
38. The wealth of a country should be measured      the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.
   A. in line with               B. in terms of
C. in regard with             D. by means of

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 %et }A93

39. He has failed me so may times that I no longer place any   on what he promises.
   A. faith          B. belief           C. credit       D. reliance
40. My students found the book      it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.
   A. enlightening    B. confusing     C. distracting      D. amusing
41 In this factory the machines are not regulated      but are jointly controlled by a central computer system.
   A. independently   B. individually   C. irrespectively   D. irregularly
42. Our corporation’s obligation under this     is limited to repair or replacement.
   A. warranty      B. license         C. market      D. necessity
43. Bank notes are not usually      into gold nowadays.
   A. inverted      B. revertible       C. convertible    D. diverting
44. Let’s not      over such a trifle!
   A. fall through     B. fall out       C. fall off       D. fall back
45. The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national      .
   A. personality       B. temperament      C. interest      D. destiny
46. Our journey was slow because the train stopped      at different villages.
   A. gradually        B. continuously      C. constantly   D. continually
47. It is      of you to turn down the radio while your sister is still ill in bed.
   A. considerable      B. considerate      C. concerned     D. careful
48. Although the accident did very little      to the car, I still suggest that you drive more carefully next time.
A. demolishment     B. ruin          C. destruction         D. damage
49. Despite his occasional fondness for gambling, he is still considered as a good boy      .
A. as the whole                   B. for the whole
C. by the whole                   D. on the whole
50. We’ve      sugar. Ask Mrs. Jones to lend us some.
A. run away with    B. run out of       C. run off         D. run down

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 oX#Q<2z*

Part III Reading Comprehension (40%) （每题2分） ]e"=$2d$
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre. k$R~R-'
Passage 1 s>B5l2Q4
In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War II. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.
Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming.
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages.

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 ^!<U_;+

Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance.
Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
51. The word “it” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably refers to      .
A. the lack of stable communities
B. the breakdown of informal information channels
C. the increased mobility of families
D. the growing number of people moving from place to place
52. The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that
A. they have to learn new things consciously
B. they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information
C. they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily
D. they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family
53. From the passage we can infer that
A. electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages
B. it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era
C. people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences
D. events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites
54. We can learn from the last paragraph that        .
A. it is necessary to obtain as much
B. people should make the best use of the information
C. we should realize the importance of accumulating information
D. it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 )hd@S9Z.Y

Passage 2 Usr@uI#{J
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”
The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
55. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?
A. A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.
B. A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.
C. A person who has had no education.
D. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 {_b%/eR1

56.. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?
A. The variety of ideas they have.        B. The intelligence they possess.
C. The way they deal with problems.      D. The way they present their findings.
57.. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because        .
A. Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity
B. the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things
C. the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’s point of view
D. the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented
58. The phrase “march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are            .
A. diligent in pursuing their goals
B. reluctant to follow common ways of doing things
C. devoted to the progress of science
D. concerned about the advance of society
Passage 3 2}YOcnB
The extent of a nation’s power over its coastal ecosystems and the natural resources in its coastal waters has been defined by two international law doctrines: freedom of the Seas and adjacent state sovereignty. Until the mid-twentieth century, most nations favored application of broad open-seas freedoms and limited sovereign rights over coastal waters. A nation had the right to include within its territorial dominion only a very narrow band of coastal waters (generally extending three miles from the shoreline), within which it had the authority, but not the responsibility, to regulate all activities. But, because this area of territorial dominion was so limited, most nations did not establish rules for management or protection of their territorial waters.
Regardless of whether or not nations enforced regulations in their territorial waters, large ocean areas remained free of controls or restrictions. The citizens of all nations had the right to use these unrestricted ocean areas for any innocent purpose, including navigation and fishing. Except for controls over its own citizens, no nation had the responsibility to control such activities in international waters. And, since there were few standards of conduct that applied on the “open seas”, there were few jurisdictional conflicts between nations.

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 W4hbK9y

The lack of standards is traceable to popular perceptions held before the middle of this century. By and large, marine pollution was not perceived as a significant problem, in part because the adverse effect of coastal activities on ocean ecosystems was not widely recognized, and pollution caused by human activities was generally believed to be limited to that caused by navigation. Moreover, the freedom to fish, or overfish, was an essential element of the traditional legal doctrine of freedom of the seas that no maritime country wished to see limited. And finally, the technology that later allowed exploitation of other ocean resources, such as oil, did not yet exist.
To date, controlling pollution and regulating ocean resources have still not been comprehensively addressed by law, but two recent developments may actually lead to future international rules providing for ecosystem management. First, the establishment of extensive fishery zones, extending territorial authority as far as 200 miles out from a country's coast, has provided the opportunity for nations individually to manage larger ecosystems. This opportunity, combined with national self-interest in maintaining fish populations, could lead nations to reevaluate policies for management of their fisheries and to address the problem of pollution in territorial waters. Second, the international community is beginning to understand the importance of preserving the resources and ecology of international waters and to show signs of accepting responsibility for doing so. Thus it will become more likely that international standards and policies for broader regulation of human activities that affect ocean ecosystems will be adopted and implemented.
59. The author suggests in the third paragraph that, before the mid-twentieth century, most nations’ actions indicated that______________.
A. managing ecosystems in either territorial or international waters was given low priority.
B. unlimited resources in international waters resulted in little interest in territorial waters.
C. a nation’s authority over its citizenry ended at territorial lines.
D. nations considered it. their responsibility to protect territorial but not international waters.

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 bSsh^Z

60. Before the mid-twentieth century, nations failed to establish rules protecting their territorial waters because______________.
A. the waters appeared to be unpolluted and to contain unlimited resources.
B. the fishing industry would be adversely affected by such rules.
C. the size of the area that would be subject to such rules was insignificant.
D. the technology needed for pollution control and resource management did not exist.
61. From the last paragraph we learn that the extension of fishery zones may be a good thing in that______________.
A. individual nations may in time take on greater responsibility for ocean protection
B. fish populations within coastal waters will increase as a result
C. the international community will begin to formulate laws to regulate human activities there
D. individual nations will make fuller use of ocean resources to benefit themselves.
62. The passage as a whole can best be described as_____________
A. a chronology of the events that have led up to a present-day crisis
B. a legal inquiry into the abuse of existing laws and the likelihood of reform
C. a political analysis of the problems inherent in directing national attention to an international issue
D. a historical analysis of a problem that requires international attention
Passage 4 Hu.t 3:w
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some vases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 5m?8yT}

That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed into motion with respect to the earth’s interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.
The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, the material rising form deeper layers creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few vases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).
63. The author believes that .
A. the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth’s interior
B. the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true
C. the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions
D. the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart
64. That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that .
A. the two continents are still moving in opposite directions
B. they have been found to share certain geological features
C. the African plate has been stable for 30 million years
D. over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 F)s{PCl

65 The hot-spot theory may prove useful in explaining         .
A. the structure of the African plates
B. the revival of dead volcanoes
C. the mobility of the continents
D. the formation of new oceans
66. The passage is mainly about        _______.
A. the features of volcanic activities
B. the importance of the theory about drifting plates
C. the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies
D. the process of the formation of volcanoes
  Passage 5 ;5tazBy&:C
Resistance to the 1954 United States Supreme Court decision terminating segregation placed the schools in the middle of a bitter and sometimes violent dispute. By 1965, when a measure of genuine integration had become a reality in many school districts, the schools again found themselves in the eye of a stormy controversy. This time the question was not which children were going to what schools but what kind of education society should provide for the students. The goal of high academic performance, which had been revived by criticisms and reforms of the 1950s and early 1960s, began to be challenged by demands for more liberal and free schooling.
Many university and some high-school students from all ethnic groups and classes had been growing more and more frustrated---some of them desperately so---over what they felt was a cruel and senseless war in Vietnam and a cruel, discriminatory, competitive, loveless society at home. They demanded curriculum reform, improved teaching methods, and greater stress and action on such problems as overpopulation, pollution, international strife, deadly weaponry, and discrimination. Pressure for reform came not only from students but also from many educators. While students and educators alike spoke of the greater need for what was taught, opinions as to what was relevant varied greatly.

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 lY{FSGp

The blacks wanted new textbooks in which their people were recognized and fairly represented, and some of them wanted courses in black studies. They, and many white educators, also objected to culturally biased intelligence and aptitude tests and to academic-college entrance standards and examinations. Such tests, they said, did not take into account the diverse backgrounds of students who belonged to ethnic minorities and whose culture was therefore different from that of the white middle-class student. Whites and blacks alike also wanted a curriculum that touched more closely on contemporary social problems and teaching methods that recognized their existence as individual human beings rather than as faceless robots competing for grades.
Alarmed by the helplessness and hopelessness of the urban ghetto schools, educators began to insist on curricula and teaching methods flexible enough to provide for differences in students’ social and ethnic backgrounds. Moreover, for educational reformers the urban ghetto school became a symbol of a general failure of American education to accomplish the goal of individual development. Also reminiscent of those decades were the child-centered schools that sprang up in the later 1960s as alternatives to and examples for the traditional schools. The clash between the academically and the humanistically oriented schools of thought, therefore, was in many ways one more encounter in the continuing battle between conservatives and liberals.
67. The major dispute in 1954 can be summarized as________________.
A. which children should attend what schools
B. what kind of education school's should provide for children
C. what kind of schooling was the most ideal
D. how schools should achieve high academic performance
68. The second paragraph is mainly about_____________________.
A. social evils existing in the 1950s and 1960s
B. reforms carried out in the educational system
C. pressure for reforming the educational system
D. discriminatory practices against the ethnic groups

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 t9Y=m 6

69. Educators accused intelligence and aptitude tests of__________.
A. ignoring contemporary social problems
B. being the only standard for enrolling applicants
C. being culturally biased towards some students
D. not reflecting the applicants’ real competence
70. The author regards the appeal to education reform in the 1950s and the 1960s chiefly as__________________.
A. a proper reaction to racial discrimination of the time
B. a demand for an innovative curriculum and teaching method
C. no more than a challenge reformers put to conservatives
D. an effort to enhance education levels of the country
Part IV Translate the following underlined parts into Chinese (15%) （每题3分） :>aQ~1f>]
What accounts for the greatest outburst major inventions in early American breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?
(71)Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomes the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.
Why mention the elementary schools? (72) Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.
Acute foreign observers related American adaptive-ness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题 w=|GJ0

(73)A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.
(74)In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.

(75)Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology.

This nonverbal “spatial” thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”

When all these shaping forces----schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking-interacted with one another on the rich U.S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic, emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.



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Part V    Writing       (15%)                   -`f04_@>d

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Directions: Which plays the major role in the development of children’s personality, nature or nurture? In this part, you are asked to write a composition about 200 words to state your view on the topic “Nature or Nurture?” 9'x)M?{8

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