英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: ;4S
[ba1/
倍数增加
FM;;x(sg
C~
}Wo
5
(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) vZ_DG}n11
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) Q8gdI
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) 72s$
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. ?4wehcZz
HkfSx rTgQ
Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. G8<It5CU
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 P60]ps!M
H z< M
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 HhQPgjZ/
N8L)KgM5#7
(二)increase to n times(④) S{"6PXzb
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) [r/Seg"
increase by n times(⑥) kGBl)0pr`x
increase by a factor of n(⑦) 9%)& }KK|
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 2)I'5?I
C(%5,|6
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. RfKxwo|M
<
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. RQK**
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 P+z
I9~N[
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. o7 -h'b-
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 6 peM4X
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. ->"h5h
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 {</$Ob
K
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 ~cg+BAfu
Bdk{.oh6
(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) o}^vREO
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: YT 03>!B
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. nu<!2xs,
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 Q]?J%P.
,LPFb6o
(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) ? Ge*~d
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. X)R]a]1A
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 g7Q*KA+
buM>^A"
(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: [@Fe
RIu8
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) kA:;c}p
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 [;LPeO
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. b%~3+c
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) LAVt/TcZS|
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 o >4>7
9kg>)ty@
倍数减少 md
+`#-D\O
^l2d?v8
(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) i.dAL)V
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) 4y}a,
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 mE@o27
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. *M!YQ<7G^d
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 )xy{[ K|M(
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. 3)MM5
bb$
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 iwTBE
]J
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 o>rlrqr?_
jJQfCOD$
(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) "uERa(i
decrease by n times(15) R/FV'qy]
decrease by a factor of n(16) #K*q(ei,7h
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 {[y"]_B4
kT=|tQ@
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 8ewEdnE
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. T
]nR
XW$
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。 {"AYOc>2|
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. mpJ_VS`
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 3'uES4+r
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. x(6.W"-S
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。 TK?N^ly
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… 1,D
^,
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) R2f,a*>
这个句型还有其它一些形式, T<,tC"
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. fBh|:2u
发现迅速减少到1/7。 |L-juT X9
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. j0NPd^
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。 lFt{:HfX-
D\~$6#B>>
从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。 pODo[Rkq