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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 H>Q X?>j  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 6 <Txkk  
  1 、医生 fb?YDM  
  ① doctor, medical worker $ #bWh  
  ② physician 内科医生 4,.[B7irR  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 c1ptN  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 M,dp;  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 X}ft7;Jpy  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 7bYN  
Mn TqWC90  
  2 、医院 #b>D^=NV>)  
  ① hospital u[6aSqwC |  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 S7(tGD  
  The general hospital 普通医院 )St`}qu;  
  The community hospital 社区医院 4u E|$  
  The public hospital 公立医院 0aa&13!5  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ypWhH  
  ② clinc 门诊 ( 9(NP_s  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 md;jj^8zj  
  ③ ward 病房 "Bl6 ) q w  
④ medical team 医疗队 .TO#\!KBv  
Oid;s!-S6  
3、 医疗手段 O{Y*a )"  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 >0S(se$  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 ;N^4R$Q.  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 thSXri?kl  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis Ww =ksggpB  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ]SUW"5L-  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | #:8V<rc^  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 M3s:B& /  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 <~  ?LU^  
(9)              TCM 中医 UV\&9>@L  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 7T?T0x3>  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 ?O C&=}  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 ;aDYw [  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查  Sr+ &  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 ~j[mME}  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; Dv}VmC""  
$fwj8S7$  
  4 、医疗体制 )<`/Aaie  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 ~Gh9m ]b  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 C,$7fW{?  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 gW ^0A)5  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 e7n` fEpO  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 __i))2  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 *R8P brN  
U /jCM?~  
  5 、医德 -932[+  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 T1uOp5_]B  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 FrhI [D  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 &Y-jK<  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 i}~U/.P   
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 UxvT|~"  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 P]H4!}M  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 b"eG8  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people v\-7sgZR  
V-lp';bD  
  6 、病人 h! w d/jR  
  (1 )patient 4#ZZwa]y  
  (2 )the sick 8:k-]+#o  
  (3 )the invalid U?j[ 8z  
  (4) sufferer -~]]%VJP|  
   _.5AB E  
(二)疾病 moE!~IroG  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 y~<_ux,  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) BCt>P?,UO  
  (2) contract (v ) <,Fj}T-  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 &J,&>CFc  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 trlZ  
`FAZAC\  
  2 、必知疾病名称 xvW# ~T ]  
  heart disease 心脏病 %Ktlez:S  
  hypertension 高血压 8 )= "E e  
  kidney problem 肾病 %] !xr6d  
  stroke 中风 GoPK. E$  
    shock 休克 Ee'wsL  
  the blood pressure 血压 W=2#Q2)  
  diabetes 糖尿病 <Gz*2i  
  obesity 肥胖 F`57;)F  
  terminal illness 绝症 ]%[.>mR  
  incurable illness 不治之症 e4 -7&8N+  
  cancer 癌症 A&:~dZ:%w  
  tumor 肿瘤 LR y&/d  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 #w;%{C[D  
  emergency case 急症 D>K=D"  
  serious illness 重症 ^Kn:T` vB  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 qoOq47F  
  short breath 短气 XVY j X  
  syndrome 综合症 xcQ :&q  
  complications 并发症 c)zwyBz  
  process 病程 mh8)yy5\  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 FyA0"  
short-sighted (adj)近视 G/&Wc2k  
+ EM^  
  3、传染病 ?xtP\~  
  (1) 感染源 >{k0N@_  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 k4YW;6<C+  
  (2 )传染疾病 qfyuq]  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 z:JJ>mxV  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 1^y^b{  
  infection contagion 传染病 VH x:3G  
  infectious diseases 传染病 </|m^$v  
  AIDS 艾滋病 =yLJGNK[  
  SARS '~[JV>5  
  (3) 传染 >npFg@A  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 "i; "  
  block the channel (v) U )J/so)  
  disseminate 传播 *hkNJ  
cross infection 交叉感染 <6!/B[!O=  
*."50o=T  
  5 、疾病、病痛 YUQKy 2  
  illness g)^g_4  
  sickness y/!jC]!+c  
  disease &\AW} xp  
  ailment GaLQ/V2R  
suffering 9M1UkS$`@  
vABUUAo!Jr  
  6 、疾病的转归 &``nYI g/  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 2G)q?_Q4S  
  recover recovery )jed@?  
  recuperate mI-9=6T_  
  resume -)p| i~j^A  
  recruit ' +E\-X  
  reinstate Q i\"b  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 ZA'Qw2fF0  
  deteriorate vlh$N K+F  
  aggravate Vv3:x1S  
  exasperate P2sM3C  
  make worse L~ e{Vv8UR  
  worsen +<w \K*  
   yf2$HF  
    7、其他相关词汇 s!WI:E7  
  outbreak and spending @V qI+5TA  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 pX]"^f1?O  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 q ,*([yX  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 [?nM)4d  
  taboo 禁忌 qfsu# R  
  speed up blood circulation (v) ?$Ii_.  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) 6;#Rd|  
  side effects 副反应 Wd]MwDcO  
complain of 主述 q1vsvL9Q  
Vc$y ^|=  
   -9~WtTaV.H  
(三)药物 ,'>O#kD  
  1 、药物名称 B:=VMX~GE  
  medicine _"G./X  
  drug q@Oe}  
  remedy I"bz6t\~|  
  medicinal herbs 3jDAj!_ea  
  power vmIt!x  
  tablet 98LyzF9  
pill \TnRn(Kw  
go B'C  
  2 、药物用法 xDEjeM G  
  开药 : a+P Vi  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases ']DUCu  
  write out a proscription 5Sz}gP('  
  服药 gt)wk93d>  
  take a medicine 'o%6TWl9s  
  治…的疾病 <Xl/U^B  
a remedy for some diseases QZv}\C-c  
#VynADPs`o  
3 、其他相关词汇 _BHEK  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 Z,7VOf6g  
  side effects 副反应 SkyX\&  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 SaSj9\o  
  drugstore 药房 jchq\q)_z  
  over the counter 非处方药 r>cN,C  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 6o<(,\ad [  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 i6)HC  
  prescription 处方 B/Z-Cpz]  
  expenses for medicine 药费 'b:e8m  
  charges for medicine VMH^jCFp  
drug rebate 药品回扣 4Be\5Byr  
frT<9$QUL  
   p> g[: ~  
(四)心理疾病 AL;4-(KH  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 ^MO})C  
  subhealth 亚健康 _BZ6Ws$C2  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 9PdD=9HH  
  psychological problem 心理问题 ' r/xBj[Z  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 OJ r~iUr  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 Uj)Wbe[)p0  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 c3.; o  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 J?C:@Q  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 mM.YZUX  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 -tfUkGdx;l  
psychological expert 心理专家 `T{'ufI4B  
Up5|tx7  
  2 、情绪词汇 &O#,"u/q`  
  overcome %`*On~  
  disappoint K/K|[=bl  
  disappointed k$ b)  
  shy , sLUOs]cj  
  flush VS>xvF  
  frustration wf`A&P5tF  
  failure l=ZD&uK  
  willpower yK-DzAv  
  optimism ~;#sj&~  
  optimistic KD.| oo  
  be sensitive to Q-z `rW  
  nervous %SuELm  
  tensional yD#(Iw  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic `aTw!QBfG  
  confident confidence mm;sf  
  stress pressure LosRjvQ:  
  depress depressed b~r:<:;  
  depression depressive HQ]mDo  
   qsQ{`E0  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 GUZ.Pw  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary k||dX(gl  
   YgdQ C(ib  
(五)肥胖与营养 lV$CBS  
  1 、营养物质 ;dPaWS1D  
  nutrient 营养素 +(PUiiP'"v  
  protein 蛋白质 v>j,8E  
  fat 脂肪 {* P[dyu  
  glucose 葡萄糖 }0tHzw=#%e  
  vitamin 维生素 #:By/9}-  
  sugar 糖类 (Gw*x sn1  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 J e,o(:  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 P;o  {t  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 {@F' BB\  
cholesterol胆固醇 ~M8|r!_  
T0Xm}i  
  2 、营养与饮食 Hi$R"O (  
  a well-balanced diet 2x9.>nwhb  
  nutrition 营养 *hru);OJr  
  nutritional 营养的 qZ'2M.;  
:"MHmm=uU8  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 ti  (Hx  
!+A%`m  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall !Ve0:$  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase !^&VZh  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; oKsArZG  
4.       食品安全 food safety T[)!7@4r  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies l)*(UZ"  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to 9I]Bt=2 z  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU qFwt^w  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system +Wg/ O -  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care YI ?P@y  
10.   服务体系service system A D\b$$z]q  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene w2UEU5%  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. (_"Zbw%cJy  
13.   清淡的lite bsDA&~)s  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet r'jUB^E  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN $BMXjXd}  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 \Q(a`6U  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; aq N{@|  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease 'mbLK#q  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 't}\U& L.{  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion e )n ,Y  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" F`m}RL]g  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission #WSqh +  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D I51]+gEN  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 05R"/r*  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness H" `'d  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s }n4 T!N  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse (O4oI U  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to qWheoyAB  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – e' o2PW  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver &&9 |;0 <  
31.   血压 hypertension ,M.}Qak^  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon `!Z?F]):G  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 |Q 3d7y  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ZI!:  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 L? DlR hu  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health I?}jf?!oM  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds {\D &*  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations K 77iv  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle * ) <+u~  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 isL zgN%  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people dgpE3 37Lt  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent 1;$XX#7o  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from <3{MS],<<  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to !.,wg'\P  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to $o?U=  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to "TJu<O"2  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive N x&/p$d  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak ^f! M"@  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly r&E  gP  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations w. k9{f  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon nv:Qd\UM  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate k\#;  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy =o##z5j K  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances +-<G(^  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance g{yw&q[B=  
56.   退休养老金retirement n $v@$C4  
57.   医疗改革health care reform Dds-;9  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity ur}'Y^0iR  
59.   月经期menstrual period S ?@G s7'  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace oFU:]+.+D  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care Zt!#KSF7%  
62.   安乐死euthanasia s=n4'`y1  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill "#O9ij  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! ynIC (t  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient g{]6*`/Z  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. ?wB_fDb}  
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