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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 jr*A1y *  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 0+;.T1?  
  1 、医生 >6=yxCJ  
  ① doctor, medical worker 9,82Uta  
  ② physician 内科医生 !a ~>;+  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 7}%3Aw6]S  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 t}qoIxy)  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 r=s ,Ath  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 $oH?oD1  
$9+}$lpPd  
  2 、医院 TW Qf2  
  ① hospital @GBS-iT3  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 P@lExF*D1:  
  The general hospital 普通医院 X{9D fgW  
  The community hospital 社区医院 nDkyo>t .  
  The public hospital 公立医院 a_L&*%;  
  The private hospital 私立医院 9|D!&=8   
  ② clinc 门诊 j7xoe9;TxI  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 $s/N;E!t  
  ③ ward 病房 4G;+ETp  
④ medical team 医疗队 y)"aQJ>  
LU?X|{z  
3、 医疗手段 Ib*l{cxN  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 w[uK3Av  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 fS>W-  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ipQJn_:2  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis ?NGM<nK;7  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 M+gQN}BAr  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | W% YJ.%I  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 |<\o%89AM  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 k v,'9z  
(9)              TCM 中医 ua/A &XQx  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 mv/'H^"[_  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 lf4-Ci*X  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 yc8iT`  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 8Focs p2  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 -;a}'1HOE  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; :UoZ`O~  
>)=FS.?]  
  4 、医疗体制 "diF$Lj  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 WogJ~N,d53  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 BKPXXR  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 fJBp,{0  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 R+Dx#Wn I  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 8)s}>:}  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 0j %s H  
#K.OJJ aG  
  5 、医德 m Y*JNx  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 wb~#=6Y  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 X`/8fag  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 nsIx5UA_n  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 Cp`)*P2  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 R*VRxQ,h6+  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 ,#W>E,UU  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 btoye \ rl  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people ~,3+]ts='\  
.xo#rt9_"=  
  6 、病人 ;)].Dj9  
  (1 )patient d#xi_L!  
  (2 )the sick 0`VA} c  
  (3 )the invalid 1ml>  
  (4) sufferer '0|0rwx  
   }GI8p* ]o=  
(二)疾病 g: <2yT  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 UP]X,H~stU  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) whFaL}2C  
  (2) contract (v ) 1 ? be  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 7HfA{.|m  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 o&WKk5$  
%z1y3I|`[t  
  2 、必知疾病名称 K`%{(^}.  
  heart disease 心脏病 f-]5ZhM'  
  hypertension 高血压 Ig b@aGA  
  kidney problem 肾病 BuwJR Ql.  
  stroke 中风 ?mM6[\DFoT  
    shock 休克 ]&;M 78^6  
  the blood pressure 血压 F,F1Axf  
  diabetes 糖尿病 jbrx)9Z+%  
  obesity 肥胖 ZV,1IaO  
  terminal illness 绝症 vdS) EIt  
  incurable illness 不治之症 b&iJui"7k  
  cancer 癌症 8y$c\Eu(mF  
  tumor 肿瘤 O\;R (  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 @)hrj2Jw  
  emergency case 急症 i7 *cpNPO  
  serious illness 重症 m`3Mev  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 xW hi>  
  short breath 短气 wfE%` 1  
  syndrome 综合症 \@%sX24D  
  complications 并发症 u=mJI*  
  process 病程 3 J{hG(5  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 \Gzo^w  
short-sighted (adj)近视 ^Ko{#qbl/  
!uno!wUIYd  
  3、传染病 y%9Q]7&=  
  (1) 感染源 ZJ|@^^GcL  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 X*cf|g  
  (2 )传染疾病 9YtdE*,k  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 `6t3D&.u0  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 .F*2]xj@"  
  infection contagion 传染病 %5zztReI  
  infectious diseases 传染病 Xc^7  
  AIDS 艾滋病 _`Abz2s  
  SARS 4]\t6,Cz8  
  (3) 传染 i"rrM1/r  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 Z_^v#FJ'l  
  block the channel (v) K 7x,>  
  disseminate 传播 1qs~[7{C1  
cross infection 交叉感染 L-ZJ[#D  
\E'Nk$V3  
  5 、疾病、病痛 WAj26";M(  
  illness 'z#{'`$a  
  sickness jH*+\:UP-  
  disease X-Sso9/q.  
  ailment o(W|BD!  
suffering u+]v. Mt  
F:/R'0  
  6 、疾病的转归 t[6g9e$  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 i\S } aCm  
  recover recovery Av*R(d=`  
  recuperate 'aB0abr|  
  resume V*l0| ,9  
  recruit ufdC'2cp8  
  reinstate DA oOs}D  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 ]xfAdBi  
  deteriorate SaEe7eHd  
  aggravate L%a ni}V  
  exasperate E{r_CR+8  
  make worse {KL<Hx2M  
  worsen [pbX_  
   =~Jv*c  
    7、其他相关词汇 ',0~\V  
  outbreak and spending #;H,`r  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 Bh*~I_Ta>  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 G=3/PYp  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 <uL?7P  
  taboo 禁忌 $BE^'5G&4Y  
  speed up blood circulation (v) #rV=!j||  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) _OcgD<  
  side effects 副反应 svyC(m)'  
complain of 主述 ?9!tMRb  
D{.%Dr?  
   %8$JL=c  
(三)药物 j Xi<ZJ  
  1 、药物名称 T|ZZkNP|6  
  medicine S97.O@V!$  
  drug :v{ $]wg  
  remedy V.Xz n  
  medicinal herbs ![abDT5![  
  power N>ct`a)BD/  
  tablet ZFW }Vnl  
pill q3NS?t!  
?]9uHrdsN}  
  2 、药物用法 7U.g4x|<  
  开药 : D4'XBXmb  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases i;)g0}x`  
  write out a proscription 'R]Z9h  
  服药 MqoQs{x  
  take a medicine $d8A_C UU  
  治…的疾病 mH{cGu?  
a remedy for some diseases G=nFs)z  
[qZ4+xF,,  
3 、其他相关词汇 ~36c0 =  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 @n c!(P7_  
  side effects 副反应 rk. UW  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 RDqC$Gu  
  drugstore 药房 ,@!d%rL:4]  
  over the counter 非处方药 %@xYg{  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 GecXMAa:2  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 B0KM~cCPQP  
  prescription 处方 &qpA<F@7  
  expenses for medicine 药费 b,`\"'1  
  charges for medicine uf>w*[m5  
drug rebate 药品回扣 3PEs$m9e  
0=5i\*5 p  
   2?ednMoE  
(四)心理疾病 DVS7N_cx2o  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 [< `+9R  
  subhealth 亚健康 'oEmbk8Hg  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 x('yBf  
  psychological problem 心理问题 =@z"k'Vl`  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 BY d3rI  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 Zk[#B UA  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 `WT7w']NT  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ?`XKaD! f  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 s^ a`=kO  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 # 9t/j`{  
psychological expert 心理专家 vKt_z@{{L  
E$wB bm  
  2 、情绪词汇 u& Fm}/x  
  overcome 0{yx*}.  
  disappoint `jHGNi  
  disappointed WToAT;d2h  
  shy , j$^]WRt  
  flush -{h[W bf  
  frustration }0( Na  
  failure 2YyZiOMSc  
  willpower >g&`g}xZQ  
  optimism $#r(1 Ev  
  optimistic IoA;q)  
  be sensitive to z@i4dC  
  nervous f#5JAR  
  tensional lI 1lP 1  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic Sg-xm+iSDt  
  confident confidence 3p4?-Dd|_$  
  stress pressure u*{ _WL[(  
  depress depressed }Kt?0  
  depression depressive Bv8C_-lV/  
   nY)Pxahm7  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 F]YKYF'1I  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary E 6: p  
   5H+k_U  
(五)肥胖与营养 sE6J:m(  
  1 、营养物质 *a!!(cZZ  
  nutrient 营养素 aUK4{F ;  
  protein 蛋白质 ,rQ)TT  
  fat 脂肪 a}fClI-u  
  glucose 葡萄糖 4/?}xD|?  
  vitamin 维生素 S7{.liHf  
  sugar 糖类 8"mW!M  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 pm~;:#z7  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 NxO^VUD  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 ?i2Wst  
cholesterol胆固醇 8zDH<Gb  
2, V+?'^j  
  2 、营养与饮食 yr 2L  
  a well-balanced diet 9,f<Nb(\  
  nutrition 营养 8sIA;r%S  
  nutritional 营养的 .*-w UBr  
'z}M[h K]  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 7[v@*/W@  
5b1uD>,;y  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall $KWYe{#  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase w&yGYHg  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; .um&6Q=2<  
4.       食品安全 food safety {&=qM!2e  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies OssR[$69  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to \!JS 7!+  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU 0vuKGjK  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system =v4r M0m,  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care \} Ac q;  
10.   服务体系service system A 9#&W!f*qO|  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene /}$T38  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. xd|~+4  
13.   清淡的lite K6v $#{$6  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet f(6UL31  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN Q^lQi\[  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 Du^x=;  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; 5:%..e`T  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease ESD<8 OR  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; @A2/@]HBm  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion B;GxfYj  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" =t3vbV  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission $N;"}G z  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D 3>Q@r>c  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate =w ^TcV  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness k,,!P""  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s Hz}+SAZ  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse G{kj}>kS_  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to uxa=KM1H  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – Es'-wr\Hm  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver !8xKf*y  
31.   血压 hypertension ,IIZ X l@  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon cMDRWh  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 umQi  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ v9%nau4  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 )xB$LJM8  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 1"}B]5!  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds \n#]%X5c  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations PzjaCp'  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle * [tc  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 um;:fT+  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people R N@^j  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent ~<n(y-P^  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from 9b 1?W?"  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to &vCeLh:s  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to  kI%peb?  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to QU.0Elw  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive GuT6K}~|D  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak !\^jt%e&  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly XYe~G@Q Z  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations id^|\hDR  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon ,9mgY p2  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate CM9XPr  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy !6H uFf  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances +{.780|  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance r| f-_D  
56.   退休养老金retirement n l-}KmZ]  
57.   医疗改革health care reform C/G]v*MBQ  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity 9_ZBV{   
59.   月经期menstrual period S BX[~% iE  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace Vr/Bu4V"  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care =A@>I0(7  
62.   安乐死euthanasia ZIpD{>/  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill #6=MKpR  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! 19Ww3P vQ;  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient ZyI$M3{J  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. |0sPka/u16  
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