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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类  XVKR}I  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 P9aGDma  
  1 、医生 /HmD/ E\  
  ① doctor, medical worker n-7|{1U  
  ② physician 内科医生 7#BpGQJQ  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 E%vG#  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 <e 'S'  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 ;nbUbRb  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 _ ecKX</Q  
gUoTOA,  
  2 、医院 U0/X!@F-  
  ① hospital l`s_ #3  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 lxpi   
  The general hospital 普通医院 eVZ/3o  
  The community hospital 社区医院 \i-HECc"U  
  The public hospital 公立医院 6jiz$x  
  The private hospital 私立医院 gZ*8F|sg  
  ② clinc 门诊 Ub8|x]ix  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 `)[bu  
  ③ ward 病房 4|*H0}HOm  
④ medical team 医疗队 , wT$L 3  
&xlz80%  
3、 医疗手段 p2;-*D  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 |5 sI=?p&t  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 xG05OqKpE  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ).0h4oHSj  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis cCd2f>EHw  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 Ffn W  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | d`U{-?N>  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 y5L%_ {n  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 }%B^Vl%ZZ  
(9)              TCM 中医 F)mlCGv:R  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 iol.RszlZ|  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 FTx &] QN?  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 ^T bw#x]2  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 f)p c$~B  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 &<Bx1\ ~V  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; kDM\IyM<\  
J+3PUfg>@R  
  4 、医疗体制 je6H}eWTC6  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 ] 8sVXZ  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 Suixk'-  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 6mr5`5~w  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 2<jbNnj  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 %UuV^C  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 "oX@Z^  
5UE5;yo  
  5 、医德 5`oVyxJ<  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 a $pxt!6  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 H tIl;E  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 H-GlCVq~  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 K4]c   
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 lg_X|yhL  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 gbOd(ugH  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 RkVU^N"  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people &K@2kq,  
L4I1nl  
  6 、病人 KlbL<9P >  
  (1 )patient uc@f#(-  
  (2 )the sick 1?\ #hemL  
  (3 )the invalid G*_$[|H  
  (4) sufferer f.ku v"  
   2x-67_BHY=  
(二)疾病 pj.}VF!d  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 _idTsd:\  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) ]YcM45xg  
  (2) contract (v ) VmM?KlC  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 AyZL(  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 F+r3~T%  
{S4^;Va1  
  2 、必知疾病名称 3*9<JHu  
  heart disease 心脏病 =ja(;uC  
  hypertension 高血压 T/Q# V)Tp  
  kidney problem 肾病 W|_^Oe<  
  stroke 中风 j #e^PK <  
    shock 休克 YK Nz[x$|  
  the blood pressure 血压 z>$AZ>t%J$  
  diabetes 糖尿病 Yoy}Zdu}h  
  obesity 肥胖 uY+N163i  
  terminal illness 绝症 N0EJHS,>e  
  incurable illness 不治之症 8w &A89  
  cancer 癌症 ^i}*$ZC72  
  tumor 肿瘤 O 4xV "\  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 w@U`@})r.  
  emergency case 急症 Q$_S/d%*  
  serious illness 重症 *G)=6\  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 ^DZ(T+q,  
  short breath 短气 =bm<>h7.)  
  syndrome 综合症 9 z_9yT  
  complications 并发症 C]{:>= K  
  process 病程 B 14Ziopww  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 h\GlyH~  
short-sighted (adj)近视 u'"VbW3u n  
L$*sv .  
  3、传染病 67zCil  
  (1) 感染源 F.:B_t  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 nY7 ZK  
  (2 )传染疾病 r@;n \  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 fba QXM  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 F)x^AJi e  
  infection contagion 传染病 ]<\Ft H  
  infectious diseases 传染病 /$v0Rq9  
  AIDS 艾滋病 8RC7 Ei  
  SARS +[$d9  
  (3) 传染  3LKL,z  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 H4#|f n  
  block the channel (v) k.b->U  
  disseminate 传播 FOz7W  
cross infection 交叉感染 "/v{B?~%!  
*z-Mr~ V  
  5 、疾病、病痛 iXl6XwWT%8  
  illness L[4Su;D  
  sickness 1p#O(o  
  disease RL =  
  ailment P{qi>FJqe  
suffering L~nVoKY*V  
Sl@$  
  6 、疾病的转归 IBYRuaEB  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 ,'~8{,h5  
  recover recovery ")%)e;V3  
  recuperate U&W{; myt  
  resume o#wDA0T  
  recruit >_9w4g_<  
  reinstate -*;-T9  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 0<3)K[m~H  
  deteriorate H=2sT+Sp  
  aggravate 6$#p}nE  
  exasperate "YY6_qQR'  
  make worse EA@p]+P  
  worsen O>P792)  
   Gn}G$uk61  
    7、其他相关词汇 y7[D9Zv Z  
  outbreak and spending Kh{C$b  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 !`j}%!K!  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 Q a(>$.h  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 r`? bYoz  
  taboo 禁忌 tbbZGyg5b  
  speed up blood circulation (v) N7/eF9  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) Y", :u@R  
  side effects 副反应 \F_~?$  
complain of 主述 >lZ9Y{Y4v  
N_#QS}H  
   ?!PpooYK  
(三)药物 +k@$C,A  
  1 、药物名称 `tmd'  
  medicine 85$W\d  
  drug |7 .WP;1  
  remedy >Q159qZ  
  medicinal herbs p-p]dV  
  power HvhP9_MB  
  tablet }E?{M~"<  
pill Tnw0S8M  
y]dA<d?u  
  2 、药物用法 Hzd tR  
  开药 : =&kd|o/i  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases :?LUv:G  
  write out a proscription !1g2'  
  服药 .i^aYbB$X  
  take a medicine '"# W!p  
  治…的疾病 IaDN[:SX  
a remedy for some diseases h]|E,!H  
^o`;C\  
3 、其他相关词汇 )0RznFJ+X  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 P, (#' W  
  side effects 副反应 :cx}I  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 *3,Kn}ik  
  drugstore 药房 5Z2tTw'i  
  over the counter 非处方药 :$=r^LSH  
  drug allergy 药物过敏  BKiyog  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 H<hFA(M  
  prescription 处方 Iuh1tcc  
  expenses for medicine 药费 h x _,>\@  
  charges for medicine 4P1<Zi+<  
drug rebate 药品回扣 R~=_,JUW  
-!p +^wC  
   QX1rnVzg0  
(四)心理疾病 5)IJ|"]y  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 tH7@oV;  
  subhealth 亚健康 v>e%5[F  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 6 /A#P$G  
  psychological problem 心理问题 |U~m8e&:  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 L<GF1I)  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 E{Gkq:  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 dZMOgZ.!yr  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 M/O4JZEqh  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 4| 6<nk_  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 l6YToYzE2  
psychological expert 心理专家 QA=G+1x  
W .B>"u  
  2 、情绪词汇 u]D>O$_ s  
  overcome ?Aewp$Bj  
  disappoint ?PMF]ah  
  disappointed 5BztOYn,  
  shy , "*ot:;I  
  flush "0,d)L0,"  
  frustration 5W T^;J9V  
  failure 3@d{C^\  
  willpower ,wI$O8"!j  
  optimism u-31$z<<5}  
  optimistic =nq9)4o  
  be sensitive to J?Ed^B-  
  nervous jK!Y-  
  tensional gwf *M3(  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic UL46%MFQ \  
  confident confidence &WqKsH$  
  stress pressure dzK]F/L]  
  depress depressed vlHE\%{  
  depression depressive oAMB}a;  
   .7BB*!CP  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 %LL*V|  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary |k # ~  
   CdTyUl  
(五)肥胖与营养 [i8,rOa7  
  1 、营养物质 uV\ _j3,2  
  nutrient 营养素 K*ZH<@o4  
  protein 蛋白质 _ li\b-  
  fat 脂肪 EmaVd+Sw  
  glucose 葡萄糖 4. &t  
  vitamin 维生素 # j=r  
  sugar 糖类 !'-|]xx(  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 m4U7{sE  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 \F|L y >g  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 !kPZuU `T  
cholesterol胆固醇 ^'g1? F$_  
W Ie2j  
  2 、营养与饮食 K?y!zy  
  a well-balanced diet .] S{T  
  nutrition 营养 D]I]I!2c  
  nutritional 营养的 ?\HXYCi0r  
.kBZ(`K  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 IT`r&;5  
:QSCky*i  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall -&#H@Gyw  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase wYf9&}k\4  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; y=L9E?  
4.       食品安全 food safety q><E?  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies Q( WE.ux)<  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to 67uUeCW  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU Q%xvS,oI  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system ]M"l-A  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care mSWh'1]b.~  
10.   服务体系service system A x)X=sX.  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene %8?s3^ o  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. G<1awi  
13.   清淡的lite YN\!I  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet p^G:h6|+|  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN +4kBd<0Y  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 J?ljq A}i  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; }gE?ms4$  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease E%CJM+r!  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; >Q0HqOq  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion 3>[_2}l  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" 0Hz*L,Bh4  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission EwSE;R -  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D :*wnO;eN  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate qb+vptg@I  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness 5feCA ,v7  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s hWGCYkuW  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse Pv.z~~l Y  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to =sG9]a<I  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – @u./VK  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver qMAH~P0u  
31.   血压 hypertension *KP 60T  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon +tz^ &(  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 tlU&p'  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ~=5vc''  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 66"-Xf~u  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health &lYZ=|6  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds <~BheGmmy  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations Ly?yW S-x  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle $=8?@My<  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 jI$}\*g  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people F`9;s@V*  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent EM+_c)d}  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from |Ew\Tgo/2  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to RHo|&.B;+  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to pA9:1*+;;  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to ]9?_ m@Ihx  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive %?lPS  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak UOrf wK  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly .^^YS$%%7  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations W! FmC$Kc  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 3Q^@ !hu  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate P%5h!Z2m  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy =R)9_D6I  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances d;KrV=%30s  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance O?omL5  
56.   退休养老金retirement n FJ3Xeo s4|  
57.   医疗改革health care reform $smzP.V  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity F"9 f6<ge  
59.   月经期menstrual period S iq`y  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace u]P0:)tS.  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care H"8+[.xBh  
62.   安乐死euthanasia @9| sNS  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill 5Bw  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! }et^'BkA(  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient 1c  S{3  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. @W|}|V5  
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