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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 >H@ zP8  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 |(gq:O  
  1 、医生 avR4#bfc  
  ① doctor, medical worker &^ sgR$m  
  ② physician 内科医生 Kilq Jg1%C  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 M DnT  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 KzRw)P  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 FhgO5@BO  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 8&6h()  
wVvk{tS  
  2 、医院 (k9{&mPJ  
  ① hospital _y}]j;e8>{  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 %nJ^0X_]  
  The general hospital 普通医院 3~"G(UP  
  The community hospital 社区医院 .:tAZZ  
  The public hospital 公立医院 .Od.lxz"mp  
  The private hospital 私立医院 'CT 8vt;  
  ② clinc 门诊 #vi `2F  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 :CO>g=`  
  ③ ward 病房 _ x&Y'X|  
④ medical team 医疗队 nDnSVrvd-i  
\*x]xc/^  
3、 医疗手段 6P=6E   
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 i]8HzKuiW  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 \2#>@6Sqrl  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 j nvi_Rodm  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis ~6`HJ  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 *.wX9g9\  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | q.0a0 /R  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 5" <7  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 !|{T>yy  
(9)              TCM 中医 5BCHW X*y  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 7A|n*'[T>  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 <zE,T@c  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 JQQP!]%}  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 4QODuyl2H  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 h.@5vhD  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; hER]%)#r  
A{mv[x-XN  
  4 、医疗体制 eO#Kn'5  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 MPx%#'Q  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 vRI0fDu  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 % 3kS;AaA  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 OyG#  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 Fo.p}j+>  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 ]@P!Q&V #  
UD0#Tpd7  
  5 、医德 ;${_eab ]  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 !5^&?plC@  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 &x.n>O  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 VRQD  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 VKb=)v[K  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 ~TfN*0  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 sZh| <2  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 /6@$^paB  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people crlCN  
q]\GBRp  
  6 、病人 &6O0h0Vy  
  (1 )patient =N^j:t  
  (2 )the sick t 2Y2v2 J  
  (3 )the invalid c`s ]ciC  
  (4) sufferer :zK\t5  
   =u<jxV9  
(二)疾病 79d< ,q;uR  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 Eoh{+>:6  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) *z }<eq  
  (2) contract (v ) B!AJ*  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 ["BD,mB  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 h { M=V  
fl+dL#]  
  2 、必知疾病名称 X*< !_3  
  heart disease 心脏病 VpyqVbx1  
  hypertension 高血压 bZCNW$C3l  
  kidney problem 肾病 uZXG"  
  stroke 中风 6QX2&[qWS  
    shock 休克 /7&WFCc)(  
  the blood pressure 血压 Gq =i-I  
  diabetes 糖尿病 a+ s%9l  
  obesity 肥胖 'tJ@+(tqw  
  terminal illness 绝症 2 @>#?c7  
  incurable illness 不治之症 }~!KjFbs  
  cancer 癌症 rOTxD/  
  tumor 肿瘤 Jl@YBzDfF  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 "W@>lf?"  
  emergency case 急症 v@Bk)Z  
  serious illness 重症 :$^cY>o  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 qMmhVUx  
  short breath 短气 .*{0[  
  syndrome 综合症 d_)VeuE2  
  complications 并发症 AI9#\$aGV  
  process 病程 iu'At7  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 P$Fq62;}r4  
short-sighted (adj)近视 N'=b8J-fF  
=S<E[D{V`  
  3、传染病 eK =v<X  
  (1) 感染源 ~vw$Rnotz  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 6GsB*hW  
  (2 )传染疾病 { v#wU  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 18AlQ+')?w  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 N6w!V]b  
  infection contagion 传染病 2}kJN8\F  
  infectious diseases 传染病 2i~zAD'  
  AIDS 艾滋病 6a4-VX5  
  SARS x?n13C  
  (3) 传染 xAu&O\V  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 `c/mmS  
  block the channel (v) P"<,@Mn  
  disseminate 传播 :za:gs0  
cross infection 交叉感染 3R`eddenF  
OJXK]dZ  
  5 、疾病、病痛 9 M!U@>  
  illness SoNT12>  
  sickness 5v5K}hx  
  disease :i/uRR  
  ailment 6 u}c543  
suffering 7|^5E*8/  
6 i'kc3w  
  6 、疾病的转归 N\W4LO6  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 f]DO2 r  
  recover recovery {O  (@}  
  recuperate y({EF~w  
  resume |5#iPw_wMY  
  recruit !R3ZyZcX  
  reinstate ),&tF_z:  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 < SvjvV  
  deteriorate w0Y V87  
  aggravate Z{rD4S @ ^  
  exasperate mFW/xZwR,5  
  make worse wSIfqf+y  
  worsen Y(Q!Oe C  
   hVd PO  
    7、其他相关词汇 W~2T/~M  
  outbreak and spending ]}s'`44J9e  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 [FN4_  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 wH0Ks5  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 uH=^ILN.  
  taboo 禁忌 N] 7#Q.(~  
  speed up blood circulation (v) Y0ouLUlI  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) 82A[[^`  
  side effects 副反应 6[SE*/E@L  
complain of 主述 @& }~r  
8 rA'd  
   k!= jO#)Rd  
(三)药物 v5g]_v*F  
  1 、药物名称 K f}h{X  
  medicine xa$p,_W:'  
  drug ^rIe"Kx  
  remedy GZk{tTv  
  medicinal herbs 9w08)2$ Na  
  power {j4J(dtO  
  tablet R4q)FXW29  
pill $ITh)#Nj  
{Tl|>\[P  
  2 、药物用法 Y. }8lh eH  
  开药 : R@Bnrk  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases _ tO:,%dL  
  write out a proscription 2nA/{W\hC  
  服药 ac< hz0   
  take a medicine &<\ i37y  
  治…的疾病 M<VZISu)dy  
a remedy for some diseases ,!'L~{  
<Z58"dg.5  
3 、其他相关词汇 BkcA_a:W  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 -lNT"9  
  side effects 副反应 Bgy?k K2[  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 [G>U>[u|  
  drugstore 药房 :3$-Qv X  
  over the counter 非处方药 &R~)/y0]  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 /C"?Y'  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 JMIS*njq^  
  prescription 处方 /+{]?y,  
  expenses for medicine 药费 c"x-_Uk  
  charges for medicine * M,'F^E2  
drug rebate 药品回扣 |ZBHXv  
wjnQK  
   !3 j@gi2  
(四)心理疾病 2\, h "W(  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 =p29 }^@@t  
  subhealth 亚健康 Sx|)GTJJ|-  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 LA%t'n h  
  psychological problem 心理问题 iD-,C`  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 QYj8c]8f  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 L4?)N&V  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 ~D$?.,=l  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 =i:6&Y~VGq  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 vE=)qn=a  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 U#{^29ik=o  
psychological expert 心理专家 '4J];Nj0  
X5`#da  
  2 、情绪词汇 _J+p[=[L  
  overcome C% )Xz  
  disappoint c5f8pa *  
  disappointed \R ff3$  
  shy , `3KXWN`.s  
  flush RHOEyXhOA  
  frustration / Q8glLnM  
  failure pf'-(W+  
  willpower yu>DVD  
  optimism (&y~\t] H  
  optimistic D3BNA]P\2@  
  be sensitive to vUa&9Y  
  nervous Hve'Z,X  
  tensional q\fZ Q  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic ARt+"[.*p  
  confident confidence B]xZ 4 Y  
  stress pressure ;jEDGKLq  
  depress depressed GV aIZh<  
  depression depressive vg6 ' ^5S7  
   t|ih{0  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 ,%zU5hh  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary \ $PB~-Z  
   [-$:XOO  
(五)肥胖与营养 ('u\rc2 R  
  1 、营养物质 PqO PRf  
  nutrient 营养素 x=%p~$C  
  protein 蛋白质 0F495'*A  
  fat 脂肪 o JLpFL  
  glucose 葡萄糖 `~hB-Z5dI  
  vitamin 维生素 :E>" z6H  
  sugar 糖类 tlnU2TT_f  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 =@%Ukrd@  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 k[`9RGT  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 @Weim7r  
cholesterol胆固醇 Nzo;j0 [  
ey~5DY7  
  2 、营养与饮食 xxsa x/h  
  a well-balanced diet DLWG0$#!  
  nutrition 营养 DhVF^=x$  
  nutritional 营养的 ^Pq4 n%x  
;9+[t8Y)D  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 J*nQ(*e  
N '8u}WO  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall R0l5"l*@+  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase V?.')?'V  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; su/!<y  
4.       食品安全 food safety *u i!|;  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies JjXuy7XQ  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to biBo?k;4  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU Q=,6W:j  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system Vw^2TRU  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care ~6) A/]6  
10.   服务体系service system A 7O=N78M  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene &^v5 x"  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. U/W<Sa\`  
13.   清淡的lite Cj ,Yy  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet J@Qt(rRxi  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN l8Xgz aW  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 1[; 7Ay  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; 1&,d,<  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease WS!:w'rzr  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; R;G"LT  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion _i/x4,=xv  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" 0:CIM  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission A>?_\<Gp  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D Y#/mE! &  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate d7f{2  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness XtJIaD|:3  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s zF)&o}  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse / S 9(rI<'  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to I)JqaM  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – i7%v2_  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver uIvAmc4  
31.   血压 hypertension i40'U?eG~6  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon nT;Rwz$3  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 7gk}f%,3P  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ (}#8$ )  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 ]52.nxs~  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health At0ahy+  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds Fx3CY W  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations 'o!{YLJ fM  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle Cwh*AKq(  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 SqF `xw  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people YUGEGXw  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent B%.vEk)*  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from TI<?h(*R_  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to  s-Z<  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to wDvG5  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to &tJ!cTA.-  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive qDV t  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak OpNxd]"T  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly AW R   
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations dPm_jX  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon w<P$)~6  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate #H5i$ o  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy C9FzTg/c  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances O6[ 4=4L  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance @~+W  
56.   退休养老金retirement n {tDH !sX  
57.   医疗改革health care reform O u-/dE%  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity 0#d:<+4D  
59.   月经期menstrual period S \,ko'4 8@  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace ,pHQv(K/  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care <Rb[0E$  
62.   安乐死euthanasia >* )fmfY  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill ZYexW=@  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! yP^C)  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient n90DS/Yx  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. 2gM/".|{  
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