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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类  ,Uhb  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 }v:jncp  
  1 、医生 Ig]iT  
  ① doctor, medical worker ';Zi@f"  
  ② physician 内科医生 yeDsJ/L  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 ,1OyN]f3  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 <Rh 6r}f  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 m<FOu<y  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 <\kr1qH H  
EBz}|GY;  
  2 、医院 Z87_#5  
  ① hospital m3Il3ZY.  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 /| 6;Z}2  
  The general hospital 普通医院 y6]vl=^L  
  The community hospital 社区医院 M %jPH  
  The public hospital 公立医院 ,^# yo6-  
  The private hospital 私立医院 AL>$HB$  
  ② clinc 门诊 o sKKt?^?  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 C z\Ppq  
  ③ ward 病房 E@7J:|.)R  
④ medical team 医疗队 _h}kp\sps  
qucq,Yw  
3、 医疗手段 x?&$ci  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 7jdb)l\p=  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 (<^yqH?  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 zc[S i bT  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis O{ #=d  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 @')[FEdW  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | >,td(= :  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 IIbYfPiO  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 8 @tV9+u  
(9)              TCM 中医 ti#7(^j  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 i-6 Z"b{  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 ^pUHKXihD  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 U*) 8G  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 Mxv;k%l|E|  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 ( SvWv m  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; !jTcsN%  
D|{jR~J)xK  
  4 、医疗体制 pej|!oX  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 ,k;^G>< =  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 RN e^; B  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 ajEjZ6  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 `7r@a  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 B\XKw'   
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 P(f0R8BE  
h-[VH%  
  5 、医德 =o$sxb E(  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 tIuCct-  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 fSokm4]vg  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 0E3[N:s  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 G U( _  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 )% ~OH  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 # mV{#B=  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 T9Nb`sbV]  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people ?j"KV_  
2h5nMI]'  
  6 、病人 ,X`)ct  
  (1 )patient ~T1 XLu  
  (2 )the sick ww], y@da  
  (3 )the invalid YoBDvV":@  
  (4) sufferer x-^`~ p  
   K/IWH[  
(二)疾病 ^ hZ0IM  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 wea-zN  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) `erV$( M  
  (2) contract (v )  W\d{a(*  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 xMTKf+7  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 X-K=!pET  
L~lxXTG\  
  2 、必知疾病名称 1v.c 6~  
  heart disease 心脏病 *U&0<{|T  
  hypertension 高血压 I|gB@|_~  
  kidney problem 肾病 xhV O3LW'  
  stroke 中风 vHry&# Pl+  
    shock 休克 < $J>9k  
  the blood pressure 血压 [q?<Qe  
  diabetes 糖尿病 tn(JC%?^  
  obesity 肥胖 *>7>g"  
  terminal illness 绝症  M+||rct  
  incurable illness 不治之症 m$}R %  
  cancer 癌症 I&}L*Z?`  
  tumor 肿瘤 n.!#P|  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 nAW:utTB  
  emergency case 急症 y{ibO}s  
  serious illness 重症 $WyD^|~SF  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 ]m g)Q:d,  
  short breath 短气 :ubV};  
  syndrome 综合症 ` Q|*1  
  complications 并发症 ?pr9f5  
  process 病程 rI= v  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 $$|rr G  
short-sighted (adj)近视 v- T$:cL  
wvO|UP H\  
  3、传染病 }Lc-7[/  
  (1) 感染源 G`SUxhCk  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 ^o^H3m  
  (2 )传染疾病 z:8eEq3w  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 = s>T;|  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 wQqb`l7+  
  infection contagion 传染病 zL$@`Eh-KP  
  infectious diseases 传染病 QS%%^+E2  
  AIDS 艾滋病  aC$B2  
  SARS [B+yyBtx  
  (3) 传染 En~5"yW5>]  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 _-q.Q^  
  block the channel (v) E(O74/2c8  
  disseminate 传播 Ov 5"  
cross infection 交叉感染 g[1gF&  
YPU*@l>  
  5 、疾病、病痛 )U~=Pf"  
  illness l= =``  
  sickness uD\?(LM  
  disease [b 6R%  
  ailment XRcqhv  
suffering gRCdY8GH  
fKeT,U`W  
  6 、疾病的转归 kh {p%<r{  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 1;C+$  
  recover recovery u?4:H=;>  
  recuperate p2ogn}`  
  resume M$y+q ^  
  recruit uD}2<$PP  
  reinstate c9HrMgW  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 a6D &/8  
  deteriorate 4i6q{BeHn  
  aggravate rX4j*u2u  
  exasperate U7K,AflK?M  
  make worse [0(B>a3J  
  worsen ", ^Mxm{  
   I%r{]-Obr-  
    7、其他相关词汇 .LZwuJ^;  
  outbreak and spending mR&H9 NG  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 {t0 ) q  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 tasIDoo+!J  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 2[Z,J%:0  
  taboo 禁忌 7Nk!1s :  
  speed up blood circulation (v) QIB\AAclO  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) _oHNkKQ  
  side effects 副反应 6A>dhU  
complain of 主述 ->l%TCHP  
spdvZU=}  
   v*;-yG&  
(三)药物 P,xKZ{(  
  1 、药物名称 P+s !|7'  
  medicine yUZb #%n  
  drug F $ #U5}Q  
  remedy ()5[x.xK@  
  medicinal herbs 3on7~*  
  power n;@bLJ$W  
  tablet n\xX},  
pill HkO7R `  
g+pml*LJ  
  2 、药物用法 XZ sz/#  
  开药 : |$vX<. S  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases >Db;yC&  
  write out a proscription MCS8y+QK  
  服药 7 * yzEM  
  take a medicine mS~o?q-n  
  治…的疾病 Y ~L2  
a remedy for some diseases ~\Hc,5G  
n/SwP  
3 、其他相关词汇 U.DDaT1  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 AS =?@2 q  
  side effects 副反应 P(+&OoY2  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 N"]q='t  
  drugstore 药房 ~8GFQ ph  
  over the counter 非处方药 | #47O  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 9y<*8bI   
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 +y&Tf#.V/A  
  prescription 处方 KwPOO{4]g  
  expenses for medicine 药费 9{ >Ui  
  charges for medicine ~GL] wF2#  
drug rebate 药品回扣 n[G&ksQI  
IIn"=g=9  
   4\Tl\SZ?  
(四)心理疾病 ]sE?ezu  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 a1_GIM0  
  subhealth 亚健康 y CVI\y\B  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 ;\14b?TUH  
  psychological problem 心理问题 ,*7 (%k^`  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 C|}iCB  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 D-5VC9{  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 }]lr>"~y}  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 kXi6lh  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 {>DE sO  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 |mGFts}0o'  
psychological expert 心理专家 M%2+y5   
1~Oe=`{&  
  2 、情绪词汇 _"bHe/'CI  
  overcome \s=t|Wpu2  
  disappoint E4|jOz^j4\  
  disappointed AiEd!u.  
  shy , G Uon/G8  
  flush El.hu%#n*G  
  frustration %s|}Fz->  
  failure nD`w/0hT<  
  willpower "Zl5<  
  optimism T 6)bD&  
  optimistic r:f[mk"-"A  
  be sensitive to nbm&wa[  
  nervous r+":'/[x  
  tensional nqI@Y)  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic X*/ho  
  confident confidence p "n$!ilbm  
  stress pressure >O*IQ[r-  
  depress depressed bM{s T"  
  depression depressive xTj|dza  
   :Av#j@#  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 WY?[,_4U  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary cq}EZ@ .  
   B8f8w)m  
(五)肥胖与营养 ';3{T:I  
  1 、营养物质 p1Jh 0o8  
  nutrient 营养素 -w9pwB  
  protein 蛋白质 <0b)YJb4M  
  fat 脂肪 ,\_1w  
  glucose 葡萄糖 {:6r;TB  
  vitamin 维生素 w,#>G07D  
  sugar 糖类 63\/ * NNB  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 W>) M5t4i  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 B2>H_dmQ  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 3EJj9}#x"'  
cholesterol胆固醇 $"+djI?E9  
;_c;0)  
  2 、营养与饮食 pMw*9s X  
  a well-balanced diet Bt@^+vH ~  
  nutrition 营养 Ag9 vU7  
  nutritional 营养的 idLWe9gC  
Cn,d?H  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 s'!Cp=xQF"  
&XIt5<$~R  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall kZR8a(4D  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase I(i}c~ R  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; `, OG7hg  
4.       食品安全 food safety smlpD3?va  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies Z InpMp  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to )#? "Gjf~  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ;O,+2VzP%^  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system gwLf'  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 95ZyP!  
10.   服务体系service system A CS2 Bo  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene ]OM"ZG/^  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. * aN  
13.   清淡的lite }q_<_lQ  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet Ur9?Td'*>  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN &*##bA"!B  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 H3z: ZTI  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; :0Bq^G"ge  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease /Gd=n  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; Xnt~]k\"  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion \K5DOM "#  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" h?AS{`.1  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission Dt}JG6S  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D (/z_Q{"N  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate }u\])I3  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness b,5~b&<h  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s q3mJ782p]  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse p)jk>j B  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to v| gw9  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – ?Y$JWEPJ  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver ^hG-~z<  
31.   血压 hypertension qz+dmef  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon ' KP@W9j  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 8hu<E 4]L  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ A0/"&Ag]  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 n4s+>|\M  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ]GMe \n  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds 5-|:^hU9  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations <->{  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle 1 8|m)(W  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 v]'ztFA  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people c' ^?/$H|  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent yg `j-9[8  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from bENdMH";  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to Sj-n;F|=X  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to -j+UMlkB  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to dV*]f$wQ  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive &#o~U$GBg  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak + @A  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly &D >G8  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations "$~':) V"  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 1[mXd  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate i#&z2h-b  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy aB* Bz]5;E  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances ) mI 05  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance 6}Vf\j~  
56.   退休养老金retirement n nxY\|@  
57.   医疗改革health care reform BIb4h   
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity ?# Mr  
59.   月经期menstrual period S j>*S5y.{  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace ~9?cn  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care HpR]q05d  
62.   安乐死euthanasia 5uGqX"  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill ~fBtQGdX  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! qBU-~"2t  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient eiuSvyY  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. 3ovWwZ8&  
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