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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 qbx}9pp}g  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 @V= HY  
  1 、医生 $97EeE:{M  
  ① doctor, medical worker XMlcY;W  
  ② physician 内科医生 n?mV(?N  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 rO[ Zx' a  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 ]@A31P4t|  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 ]k)h<)nY  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 v| IG G'r  
'U*Kb  
  2 、医院 ]I: h4hgw  
  ① hospital )-\[A<(  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 ,V`[;~49  
  The general hospital 普通医院 P$ i d?  
  The community hospital 社区医院 >5MHn@  
  The public hospital 公立医院 ^oXLk&d  
  The private hospital 私立医院 f9a_:]F  
  ② clinc 门诊 s#>``E!  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 + 0 |d2_]E  
  ③ ward 病房 Sp\ 7  
④ medical team 医疗队 !b{7gUjyI  
$E6b u4I  
3、 医疗手段 bR}=bp4K  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 -+Gd<U$  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 0u=FlQ }h  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 JG*Lc@Q  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis &uLC{Ik}  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 fl *>m,  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | 2>'/!/+R  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 "!z9UiA  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 ]vUTb9>{?  
(9)              TCM 中医 $zD}hO9  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 n+H);Dg<8  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 VhX~sJ1%Gp  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 G21cJi*  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 ,_!MI+o0  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 ST25RJC  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; _ su$]s  
<Kt;uu>  
  4 、医疗体制 ]x^v;r~  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 {3){f;b  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 U9%#(T$  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 D/TEx2.=J3  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 f) @-X!  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 ?)mM]2%%  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 K-,8~8[  
p}9bZKyf  
  5 、医德 h?+bW'm  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 '.1_anE]  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 yp\s Jc`  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 -Gn0TA2/C  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 VtzX I2.2  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 ;.|).y1/`  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 7^*[ XH  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 mQ qv{1  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people 7<7 /NZ<I  
EH~XN9b  
  6 、病人 t%Hy#z1W_  
  (1 )patient C3z#A3&J  
  (2 )the sick ?R8wmE[w  
  (3 )the invalid U3 y-cgE  
  (4) sufferer kCVA~ %d7  
   uSU[Y,'x  
(二)疾病 M73d^z  
  1 、 患病的表达方式  M qG`P  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) ^;gwD4(hs  
  (2) contract (v ) FatLc|[  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 WPu{ ]<pl  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 "l.1 UB&  
Q{"QpVY8  
  2 、必知疾病名称 C=uYX"  
  heart disease 心脏病 f!n0kXVu6U  
  hypertension 高血压 Ln C5"  
  kidney problem 肾病 $bd2TVNV:  
  stroke 中风 4A@77#:J5  
    shock 休克 W]U}, g8Z  
  the blood pressure 血压 \n`)>-  
  diabetes 糖尿病 : ZWKrnG  
  obesity 肥胖 H 6~6hg  
  terminal illness 绝症 "0edk"hk  
  incurable illness 不治之症 |A0)-sVZ  
  cancer 癌症 "-HmXw1+t  
  tumor 肿瘤 BJ,9C.|  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 @;K-@*k3  
  emergency case 急症 C~:@ETcbil  
  serious illness 重症 cEc_S42Z  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 K,' v{wSr  
  short breath 短气 HX&G  k  
  syndrome 综合症 y +2  
  complications 并发症 g{d(4=FM  
  process 病程 *eLKD_D`!C  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 t6JM%  
short-sighted (adj)近视 jqeR{yo&0b  
ooW;s<6  
  3、传染病 *`g'*R  
  (1) 感染源 yur5" $n  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 5zf bI  
  (2 )传染疾病 :fx^{N!T  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 AIU=56+I\  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 .4&pi  
  infection contagion 传染病 (<ZpT%2  
  infectious diseases 传染病 A$=h'!$  
  AIDS 艾滋病 XGCjB{IV  
  SARS q@(M D3OE  
  (3) 传染 aB*'DDlx"r  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 TEN~3 Ef#  
  block the channel (v) t|j p]Vp  
  disseminate 传播 H,q-*Kk  
cross infection 交叉感染 9m+ejTK{U  
d"0=.sA  
  5 、疾病、病痛 N}\%r&KR=  
  illness Qt+i0xd  
  sickness ~cL)0/j}  
  disease aT_%G&.  
  ailment xMr=t U1C  
suffering r >;(\_@  
4Wk`P]?^  
  6 、疾病的转归 T jrz_o)  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 ZTg[}+0e  
  recover recovery mTU[khEmL=  
  recuperate zb,YYE1  
  resume m8Y>4:Nw  
  recruit "~:P-]`G  
  reinstate >v'@p  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 VoC|z Rd_  
  deteriorate U_C[9Z'P  
  aggravate dthtWnB@  
  exasperate Sah!|9  
  make worse .Mxt F\  
  worsen >uP1k.z'I  
   rKkFflOVO  
    7、其他相关词汇 Pah*,  
  outbreak and spending ,X)/ T!ff  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 ^5q}M'  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 TdL/tg!  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 jP31K{G?  
  taboo 禁忌 },%, v2}  
  speed up blood circulation (v) *(o^w'5  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) [H=l# W@  
  side effects 副反应 i;<K )5Z  
complain of 主述 wpf  
Q94p*]W"  
   H)pB{W/  
(三)药物 p]Q(Z  
  1 、药物名称 = zRjb>  
  medicine SD.c 9  
  drug >K 7]G?+7E  
  remedy ]D@y""{--s  
  medicinal herbs 6#Bg99c  
  power ?jn";:  
  tablet {W%/?d9m  
pill W:1GY#Pe  
eo<=Q|nI&  
  2 、药物用法 X({R+  
  开药 : vqRW^>~-B  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases fH 0&Wc3yC  
  write out a proscription `_E@cZ4  
  服药 T;pe7"  
  take a medicine 2rqYm6  
  治…的疾病 ol@LLT_m  
a remedy for some diseases AUwIF/>F(]  
|\/V1  
3 、其他相关词汇 !po29w:S  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 Zl7m:b2M  
  side effects 副反应 /;xmM 2B'  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 [(/IV+  
  drugstore 药房 psAdYEGk!  
  over the counter 非处方药 ]y<<zQ_fhY  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 \bumB<w(]  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 ntEf-x<  
  prescription 处方 C]DvoJmBs  
  expenses for medicine 药费 }|4dEao\  
  charges for medicine EFS2 zU  
drug rebate 药品回扣 @Xq3>KJ_)H  
l} UOg   
   U#1 ,]a\  
(四)心理疾病 $.-\2;U  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 gTwxmp.,  
  subhealth 亚健康 Oa|'wh ug  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 i-_ * 5%A  
  psychological problem 心理问题 >6"u{Qmr  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 RNn5,W  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 1b-_![&]1  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 tN :PWj5  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 T?'Vb  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 sy;_%,}N  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 QL_9a,R'r  
psychological expert 心理专家 GV T[)jS  
v\:P _J  
  2 、情绪词汇 `@07n]KB  
  overcome mh=YrDU+L  
  disappoint 8RJ^e[?o(  
  disappointed L\Y4$e9bF8  
  shy , Uc?#E $X  
  flush >2w^dI2  
  frustration b qNM  
  failure V O= o)H\  
  willpower qoXncdDHZ  
  optimism =~f\m:Y  
  optimistic  F6\Hqv  
  be sensitive to W dNOE;R  
  nervous OEFAL t  
  tensional M'D l_dx-  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic ,=@%XMS  
  confident confidence Btgxzf  
  stress pressure Ghb Jty`  
  depress depressed shAoib?Kw:  
  depression depressive %P2l@}?a  
   *VP j BzcH  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 T 7bD t  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary rV0X*[]J>  
   RMvq\J}w!  
(五)肥胖与营养 n+XLZf#  
  1 、营养物质 i=^!? i  
  nutrient 营养素 /Qnq,`z  
  protein 蛋白质 &Q`{ Gk  
  fat 脂肪 5u89?-UD  
  glucose 葡萄糖 QU;bDNq,c  
  vitamin 维生素 y k{8O.g  
  sugar 糖类 ]9P2v X   
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 ~stJO])a  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 nR(v~_y[V  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 5mYX#//:  
cholesterol胆固醇 * ",/7(  
Id}/(Pkq  
  2 、营养与饮食 k:QeZn(  
  a well-balanced diet "!w#E6gU  
  nutrition 营养 BH"OphE  
  nutritional 营养的 @/,:". SM  
Kt#_Ln_6  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 <%iRa$i5  
srCpgs]h  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall j"F?^0aR,Q  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase &pzf*|}  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; qeUT]* w  
4.       食品安全 food safety 'EHt A9M  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies .sCj3sX*  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to \'Q rJ ?D  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU !sG# 3sUe[  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system dM=45$\q  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care (yb$h0HN  
10.   服务体系service system A ,r8#-~A6,A  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene S54q?sb_  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. @tvz9N  
13.   清淡的lite ?XbM  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet z ub"Ap3  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN ~ \]?5 nj  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 \(A  A|;  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; ^B)f!HtU  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease ; ,}Dh/&E  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; U4.$o ]58  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion W#P`Y< u$  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" uOO\!Hqq  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission N[r Ab*iT  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D eaAGlEW6J  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate f{.4# C'  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness -VeC X]  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s 0NeIQr1N_  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse  l*?_@  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to +Bf?35LP  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – h 8xcq#  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver uzI=.j  
31.   血压 hypertension [l3ys  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon gBky ZK  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 UE{$hLI?g  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ WfD fj  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 ! ,bQ;p3g|  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health oOLey!uZw  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds ae2Q^yLA  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations Q~tXT_  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle /)T~ (o|i  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 (6.uNLr  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people 1~'jC8&J  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent cGiL9|k  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from 6Cz O ztn  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to >MGWN  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to }DXG;L  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to Z,/K$;YWo  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive tEL9hZzI  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak #R{>@]x`  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly s(nT7x+W  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ]q.%_  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon `0N7Gc  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate a3>/B$pE  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy {BmqUoZrC  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances {g!  7K  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance Bl*}*SPU  
56.   退休养老金retirement n %\v8 FCb  
57.   医疗改革health care reform Rh ^(91d  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity HMCLJ/  
59.   月经期menstrual period S ~x^y5[5{  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace a(|6)w-  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care ~<?Zj  
62.   安乐死euthanasia E=N$JM  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill )A$"COM4  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! ?1D!%jfi  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient $Lr& V~  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. >U vP/rp  
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