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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 _\4r~=`HQ  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 ^'Lp<YJs6  
  1 、医生 ' *Y mYU  
  ① doctor, medical worker #p=+RTZ<  
  ② physician 内科医生 Qq{tX  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 < *iFVjSI(  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 mu0L_u(P  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 q#Otp\f  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 G{.=27  
mKM[[l&A  
  2 、医院 ST#)Fl  
  ① hospital gz'{l[  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 DDIRJd<J  
  The general hospital 普通医院 e{2Za   
  The community hospital 社区医院 fc:87ZR{K  
  The public hospital 公立医院 )e[q% %ks  
  The private hospital 私立医院 56."&0  
  ② clinc 门诊 0*^f EoV  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 4myikeUR_  
  ③ ward 病房  aG"  
④ medical team 医疗队 ~&0lWa  
* s1o?'e  
3、 医疗手段 T}p|_)&y  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 %,N-M]Jf  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 S-6i5H"B&  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ctb , w  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis 8/"uS;yP  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 K=sk1<>)m  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | ' z^v}~  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 " H=fWz5z  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 BaCzN;)  
(9)              TCM 中医  !vr A\d  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 odeO(zuU  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 -RThd"  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 R;/LB^X]  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 Y^?PHz'Go  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 FP6Jf I8  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; Q!fk|D+j  
ijNI6_eU  
  4 、医疗体制 n<[H!4  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 FZ% WD@=  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 ~r]$(V n  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 # b= *hi`E  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 1$c[G}h  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 ^\PNjj*C i  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 T 6rjtq  
41XX L$  
  5 、医德 QRY7ck:N  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 C Yk"  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 H!g9~a  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 k*T&>$k}^  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 k:E+]5  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 |fWR[\NU  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 Z@>WUw@ F  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 Q"{Q]IT  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people MW.,}f  
v/C*?/ ~  
  6 、病人 P?U}@U~9  
  (1 )patient N%8aLD  
  (2 )the sick (@u"   
  (3 )the invalid :sb+jk  
  (4) sufferer Fm.IRu<\`  
   wo!;Bxo N  
(二)疾病 ,`l8KRd  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 h]okY49hY  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) N u9+b"Wr  
  (2) contract (v ) Uv /?/;si  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 sr,8Qd 0M  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 B6a   
<DM:YWNa  
  2 、必知疾病名称 AVv 8Hhd  
  heart disease 心脏病 h/F,D_O>ZO  
  hypertension 高血压 9 l9|w4YJs  
  kidney problem 肾病 mq~L1< f  
  stroke 中风 p^QB^HEV  
    shock 休克 rY&Y58./  
  the blood pressure 血压 ('.r_F  
  diabetes 糖尿病 ~,.}@XlgT.  
  obesity 肥胖 /SZg34%  
  terminal illness 绝症 |F#L{=B  
  incurable illness 不治之症 A `n:q;my  
  cancer 癌症 14v,z;HXj  
  tumor 肿瘤 KUqD<Jj?  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 %@Ty,d:;=  
  emergency case 急症 v'zf*]9  
  serious illness 重症 T&`H )o  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 K+_$ WT_  
  short breath 短气 x  GHS  
  syndrome 综合症 mT2Fn8yC1  
  complications 并发症 (7g1eEK%  
  process 病程 aGz <Yip  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 U0:tE>3`  
short-sighted (adj)近视 M(2c{TT  
fXHN m$"n  
  3、传染病  !mX 2  
  (1) 感染源 tC dgtZm  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 >@BvyZ)i  
  (2 )传染疾病 ei8OLcw:x  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 ?*Kew j  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 Nz&J&\X)tD  
  infection contagion 传染病 i }5 #n  
  infectious diseases 传染病 H[{ ch t h  
  AIDS 艾滋病 C9q `x2  
  SARS o| nj2.  
  (3) 传染 N*Owfr1 N  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 9* %Uoy:  
  block the channel (v) zA![c l>$  
  disseminate 传播 #n'tpp~O  
cross infection 交叉感染 l\yFx  
* SG0-_S  
  5 、疾病、病痛 Pv`^#BX'  
  illness L`ZH.fN  
  sickness i>S /W!F  
  disease uE>2 *u\  
  ailment *fq=["O  
suffering eD*"#O)W  
j"E_nV:Qc  
  6 、疾病的转归 6|0 5-x|  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 ;fhFv&`mE  
  recover recovery tLpDIA_8  
  recuperate EM*YN=So  
  resume V&DS+'P  
  recruit P'Jw:)k(  
  reinstate :<s)QD  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 x~}RL-Y2o  
  deteriorate :JqH.Sqk  
  aggravate #5T+P8  
  exasperate Xb42R1  
  make worse 2-u>=r0L  
  worsen kzGD *  
   PK u+ $  
    7、其他相关词汇 z@$7T: H>  
  outbreak and spending 8J%^gy>m]  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 lC.Yu$O5  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 S 1|[}nYP  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 QdG_zK>|e  
  taboo 禁忌 5A /G?  
  speed up blood circulation (v) K%>uSS?  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) ZYrXav<  
  side effects 副反应 C]-Z+9Vvv  
complain of 主述 #OH-LWZh  
\no[>L]  
   y-{^L`%Mk  
(三)药物 +is;$ 1rq  
  1 、药物名称 W=o90TwbN  
  medicine .wx; !9  
  drug eM+]KG)}  
  remedy N/Z3 EF_  
  medicinal herbs "W|Sh#JF  
  power CfoSow-  
  tablet "Sc_E}q |e  
pill &2MW.,e7s  
Txfu%'2)e  
  2 、药物用法 b-@VR  
  开药 : \Zqgr/.w/  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases KDuM;  
  write out a proscription 6YQ&+4   
  服药 AIF?+i%H}  
  take a medicine M/ 0!B_(R  
  治…的疾病 EMmNlj6  
a remedy for some diseases 9PVM06   
s$:F^sxb  
3 、其他相关词汇 hJ>{`Tw  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 qXkc~{W_  
  side effects 副反应 M&~3fRb 4  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 g9H~\w  
  drugstore 药房 {%'(IJ|5z  
  over the counter 非处方药 /<9VKMR_k  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 `)& -;CMY  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 ync2X{ 9D  
  prescription 处方 `ux U H#  
  expenses for medicine 药费 ny| ni\6  
  charges for medicine YW}q@AY7  
drug rebate 药品回扣 8 =FP92X  
KY<>S/  
   VJS|H!CH  
(四)心理疾病 En&ESW N  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 scCOiK)  
  subhealth 亚健康 qg vg MWj  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 }a,j1r_Hl&  
  psychological problem 心理问题 !krbGpTVH  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 z*.4Y  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 E'?yI' ~=  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 fD  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 3XYCtp8  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 J4#t1P@Na  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 ^]3Y11sI  
psychological expert 心理专家 Gy hoo'<  
zdrCr0Rx,  
  2 、情绪词汇 2--"@@  
  overcome dkt'~   
  disappoint w,cfSF;=tC  
  disappointed 8bLA6qmM\  
  shy , U+F?b\  
  flush Q0i.gEwe  
  frustration  jhjb)r.  
  failure CvKXVhf0$J  
  willpower [x ?38  
  optimism 97lM*7h ;  
  optimistic "5"6mw?  
  be sensitive to Mo\LFxx>4{  
  nervous Kv^ez%I  
  tensional [,Q(~Qb  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic (xf_  
  confident confidence 0)`{]&  
  stress pressure &^3KF0\Q  
  depress depressed  17AJT  
  depression depressive j/`- x  
   ?piv]Z  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 e6f:@ O?  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary j&6'sg;n)  
   7 ^7Rk  
(五)肥胖与营养 2\h}6DGx2  
  1 、营养物质 kY*3)KCp  
  nutrient 营养素 !Z[dK{ f"  
  protein 蛋白质 9v>BP`Mg  
  fat 脂肪 $zS0]@Dj  
  glucose 葡萄糖  }_93}e  
  vitamin 维生素 ^j&'2n@ 9a  
  sugar 糖类 NfvvwG;M  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 |g<1n  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 T&Z%=L_Q  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 5[l9`Cn&A  
cholesterol胆固醇 "S#4  
r2A%.bL#  
  2 、营养与饮食 4Kjrk7GAx  
  a well-balanced diet !T;*F%G9  
  nutrition 营养 gM_z`H 5[!  
  nutritional 营养的 7KIOI,qb6  
VeK^hz R^Z  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 "8MG[$Y  
\pI)tnu6'U  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall lg` Qi&  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase 59K%bz5t  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; %zj;~W;qPH  
4.       食品安全 food safety 9Fb|B  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies Z* eb  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to C" l_ 78  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU O%?TxzX;  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system '@enl]J  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care -L e:%q2  
10.   服务体系service system A s/[15  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene 'Gwa[ |6i  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. Uw R,U#d  
13.   清淡的lite }p-<+sFo  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet MQ;c'?!5[!  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN 9_Tk8L#  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 4T#B7wVoM  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; vt{ s "\f  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease c\GJfsVk  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 9L3 #aE]C  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion jU')8m[  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" W[S4s/)mg  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 'G1~\CT  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D U9:?d>7  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate > Q1r^  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness fdr.'aMf%  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s n]&/?6}  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse {XYv &K  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to KQsS)ju  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – M$O}roOa  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver 4-^LC<}k  
31.   血压 hypertension  _Y@'<S.  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon @}@`lv65}  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 W]|;ZzZ=m  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ 1M&n=s _  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 h>B>t/k?  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health zRyZrt,%&  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds }N; c  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations @+A`n21,O  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle ]X4 A)4y  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 _%Q\G,a;  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people vPuPSE%M  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent = ! D<1<  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from "Yw-1h`fR  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to ,2u-<8  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to T 1m097  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to pKO\tkMJ  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive #p~tkQ:'1  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak * bmdY=#7  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly ji {V#  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations cw#p!mOi~  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon K V ^ `  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate -[OGZP`8  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy 88Yp0T<1  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances &,Dh*)k  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance z<_{m 4I;  
56.   退休养老金retirement n A"`6 2  
57.   医疗改革health care reform }_}C ^  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity 04NI.Jv  
59.   月经期menstrual period S PIP2(-{ai  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace k <ds7k1m  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care P7d" E  
62.   安乐死euthanasia zllY $V&<!  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill e#IED!U  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! \Oh9)X:I  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient %*]3j^b Q+  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. (i>VJr  
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