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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 D SX%SE)  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 r^6@Zwox]  
  1 、医生 7>z {2D  
  ① doctor, medical worker C7F\Y1Wj  
  ② physician 内科医生 1Du5Z9AM  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 4!Radl3`  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 @k{q[6c2 n  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 )PvnB=wy  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 $(gL#"T  
c BqbbZyUk  
  2 、医院 `Kg!aN  
  ① hospital $gnrd~v4e  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 4 .c1  
  The general hospital 普通医院 >yKz8SV#  
  The community hospital 社区医院 0R? @JC  
  The public hospital 公立医院 Y=|p}>.}  
  The private hospital 私立医院 fZpi+I  
  ② clinc 门诊 LU;zpXg\  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 cY5;~lO  
  ③ ward 病房 F?tWx+N<{  
④ medical team 医疗队 ,+ IFV  
_cJ)v/]  
3、 医疗手段 5.ab/uk;M  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 UUDHknm"  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 iJE:>qOTD5  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 .'A1Eoo0d  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis Z[w}PN,xV  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 sgP{A}4 W  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | @Ol(:{<  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 P<Bx1H-z-  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 /0qbRk i  
(9)              TCM 中医 riOaqV  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 )%S@l<%@?  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 &-qQF`7  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 >v, si].  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 }\S'oC\[  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 [m{sl(Q  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; wH!$TAZ:Yw  
mrRid}2  
  4 、医疗体制 J)n_u),  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 Dq~;h \='  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 UA*VqK)Y  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 Jn=;gtD- *  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 11"r FZ  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 Ws|`E `6O  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 gZ^Qt.6Z  
N8pL2y:R[P  
  5 、医德 5z 0VMt  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 /a^ R$RHl'  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 tXtNK2-1  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 T 'c39  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 R`c[ ?U  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 s*la`(x  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 R6(:l; W  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 RV  V`  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people ="YGR:  
gm)Uyr$  
  6 、病人 q 7%p3  
  (1 )patient T8A(W  
  (2 )the sick  <EU R:  
  (3 )the invalid 8-x-?7  
  (4) sufferer z4SJxL  
   -:ucp2  
(二)疾病 D`WRy}o  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 {7goYzQsi%  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) ,J|,wNDU!K  
  (2) contract (v ) [o#% Eg;  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 T3P9  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 V#dga5*]  
r+Ki`HD%  
  2 、必知疾病名称 WChP,hw  
  heart disease 心脏病 )k,n}  
  hypertension 高血压 NV4g5)D&L  
  kidney problem 肾病 >l &]Ho  
  stroke 中风 GHGyeqNM  
    shock 休克 2HFn\kjj.s  
  the blood pressure 血压 v~Q'm1!O4\  
  diabetes 糖尿病 /J#(8p  
  obesity 肥胖 EhHxB fAQ  
  terminal illness 绝症 <P pvVDy3  
  incurable illness 不治之症 >lRZvf-i  
  cancer 癌症 R(~wSL*R>  
  tumor 肿瘤 .Ima M  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 ZkbE&7Z  
  emergency case 急症 B`}um;T#~,  
  serious illness 重症 NGc~%0n  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 '{d@Gc6.  
  short breath 短气 p)IL(_X)  
  syndrome 综合症 QadguV6|  
  complications 并发症 lxhb)]c ^>  
  process 病程 lME>U_E  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 lxL5Rit@Px  
short-sighted (adj)近视 .Fn|Okn^gr  
W" 5nS =d%  
  3、传染病 OldOc5D  
  (1) 感染源 `$T$483/  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 >pU9}2fpT  
  (2 )传染疾病 !ZBtX t#P  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 rpT.n-H>%A  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 /5ZX6YkeH  
  infection contagion 传染病 VPUVPq~ &  
  infectious diseases 传染病 &~,4$& _  
  AIDS 艾滋病 p-[WpY3  
  SARS ukWn@q*  
  (3) 传染 BN_h3|)  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 [oLV,O|s|j  
  block the channel (v) gF)9a_R%p  
  disseminate 传播 -R`{]7V  
cross infection 交叉感染 YT\@fgBt  
x;/LOa{LR  
  5 、疾病、病痛 P\jGyS j  
  illness qLN\%}69/  
  sickness 7>E.0DP  
  disease  ?%,NOX  
  ailment }s}g}t8v-  
suffering f`9 Mcli !  
ZitM<Qi&y  
  6 、疾病的转归 X]0>0=^  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 d ]P~  
  recover recovery "s+4!,k  
  recuperate 2xI|G 3U  
  resume `Fy-"Uf  
  recruit isQ(O  
  reinstate FwCb$yE#M  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 =*mT{q@  
  deteriorate 4QL>LK  
  aggravate OZ[YB  
  exasperate G=zWhqieh  
  make worse +&EXTZ@o  
  worsen gAqK)@8-  
   a)qan  
    7、其他相关词汇 )- C3z   
  outbreak and spending P15 H[<:Fz  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 _fGTTw(  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 ]-fkmnmWX  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 ?^}30V:E  
  taboo 禁忌 Rj8%% G-pt  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 2eT?qCxqc  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) 'D\Q$q  
  side effects 副反应 (i1JRn- f  
complain of 主述 jlEz]@ i  
N ##`  
   Vz{+3vfra6  
(三)药物 c0!.ei  
  1 、药物名称 U|(+-R8Z  
  medicine Qz i?%&  
  drug F L0uY0K  
  remedy I.2J-pu}  
  medicinal herbs bF)G+IH  
  power d[ N1zQW  
  tablet *{o7G  a  
pill `?Rq44=  
Yo-}uTkw  
  2 、药物用法 ZzT=m*tQ&  
  开药 : DL]tg [w{  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases {h<D/:^v  
  write out a proscription {7o#Ve  
  服药 /r}L_w I  
  take a medicine D7Q+w  
  治…的疾病 NE995;  
a remedy for some diseases s?SspuV  
/@os*c|je  
3 、其他相关词汇 J 3!~e+wn  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 {4"V)9o-1>  
  side effects 副反应 ~z,o):q1 }  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 6CJMQi,kn  
  drugstore 药房 `i7r]  
  over the counter 非处方药 k[=qx{Osx%  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 s -i|P  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 V"FQVtTx7  
  prescription 处方 4s\spvJ  
  expenses for medicine 药费 }5o?7} ?  
  charges for medicine }D/+YG  
drug rebate 药品回扣  ;C]Ufk  
xNz(LZ.c  
   UHBXq;?&q  
(四)心理疾病 w~'xZ?  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 *zfgO pK  
  subhealth 亚健康 h8rW"8Th  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 bbm\y] !t  
  psychological problem 心理问题 jX53 owZ  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 I[z:;4W}L^  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 f~IJ4T2#N  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 e3~MU6  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 8\"<t/_ W  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 OATdmHW  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 ?u|??z%  
psychological expert 心理专家 VK}4 <u  
rTD+7 )E  
  2 、情绪词汇 gLiJ&H  
  overcome '3.\+^3  
  disappoint nD wh  
  disappointed j50vPV8m  
  shy , nF3}wCe)  
  flush &(F c .3m  
  frustration =]5tYIU  
  failure fv+]iK<{  
  willpower *dBy<d Iy  
  optimism y]9R#\P/  
  optimistic XqH@3Ehk  
  be sensitive to kUT2/3Vi  
  nervous Xr*I`BJ  
  tensional !pU$'1D  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic qpQ;,8X-"  
  confident confidence :;?$5h*|`  
  stress pressure 2D\ pt  
  depress depressed /ViY:-8s  
  depression depressive +{UY9_~\3  
   XM'tIE+|  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 m^X51,+<  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary n,I3\l9  
   %9-^,og  
(五)肥胖与营养 {!,K[QwcI  
  1 、营养物质 KsDS!O  
  nutrient 营养素  ?kjQ_K  
  protein 蛋白质 j^G=9r[,  
  fat 脂肪 yT ^x0?U  
  glucose 葡萄糖 "Eh=@?]S_  
  vitamin 维生素 S-t#d7'B  
  sugar 糖类 eORXyh\K  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 v,4{:y]p  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 >Kgw2,y+  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 CKAd\L   
cholesterol胆固醇 EQ%ooAb8  
^ h=QpH  
  2 、营养与饮食 ch i=]*9  
  a well-balanced diet "@ >6<(Ki  
  nutrition 营养 xGs}hVlZiC  
  nutritional 营养的 17hoX4T  
s'HsLe0|  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 PV68d; $:8  
o78u>Oy  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall Ny^ 1#R  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase %QP[/5vQ  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; N{J 1C6  
4.       食品安全 food safety !Asncc G  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies D e&,^"%  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to (MGg r  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU Hq.rG-,p  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system vF\>;pcT  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care ,gV#x7IW  
10.   服务体系service system A .W]k 8N E  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene BN*:*cmUl  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. HT<p=o'$Z  
13.   清淡的lite mTe3%( LD  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet 6 Bq_<3P_  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN !MoAga_ j  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 BU -;P  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; gIo\^ktW  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease =3-=p&*  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; kf@JEcKV  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion "Enb   
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" KV0*dB;  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission ebA95v`Vms  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D  X }(s(6  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate U["0B8  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness x2v0cR"KL  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s $;5Q mKQ'  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse EE 9w^.3a  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to Kq[4I[+R  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – puPI ^6y%  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver )tG. 9"<  
31.   血压 hypertension Pd7\Q]of  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon Q6m8N  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 3(e_2v  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ hs7!S+[.$$  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 g8O6 b  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health aL1%BGlmZ<  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds 1$b@C-B@g  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations 1.14tS-}[4  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle Qvp"gut)%X  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 z Rna=h!  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people cWAw- E5  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent 0&s6PS%  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from |aDBp  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to (;#c[eKy  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to ? xR7Ii3  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to u"h/ERCa  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive t5{P'v9J  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak l~E~!MR  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly b`X ''6  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations <>6j>w_|  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon nJe}U#  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate x3ZF6)@  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy <UGaIb  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances BpIyw  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance H9)@q3<  
56.   退休养老金retirement n C  @ XS  
57.   医疗改革health care reform wqo:gW_  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity /x49!8  
59.   月经期menstrual period S poBeEpbs  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace WJq>%<#  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care F CYGXtc  
62.   安乐死euthanasia -+ByK#<%  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill vh\i ^  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! nkHl;;WJ  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient R&|.Lvmc/  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. :9QU\{2  
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