同济大学2006年博士研究生入学考试试题 !#dp[,nk
编号:101 考试科目:英语 m.ejGm?
答题要求:答案一律写在答题纸上。 _:HQ4s@
I. Vocabulary (10%) 30{WGc@l#
Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences is this part. For each sentence there are four t4<+]]
choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the One answer that best completes the sentence. Then F&a)mpFv3c
put a “√” in the corresponding place on the Answer Sheet. m-lTXA(
1. How can personal income tax be levied to ______ as many as possible while at the same m.Ki4NUm
time ensuring State finances do not suffer too much?. rY295Q
A. interest B. benefit C. profit D. concern lH/7m;M
2. To fund the ______ event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the ^w
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organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD). ,&G!9}EC
A. beneficent B. expensive C. costly D. luxurious /]-a 1
3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are ______ by the Wv]ODEd
South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. UdcrX`^.
A. outdone B. outweighed C. outrun D. outrivaled KO[,C[;|j
4. This is an alarming realization as natural resources and the environment are being a ]E^)d|_
degraded and ____ at a record pace. Dq+S'x~>
A. wasted B. reconstructed C. destructed D. reversed ~L:H]_8F l
5. The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and RO[6PlrRN
Hitler both underestimated the _____ of the Russian winter. >1$Vh=\OI
A. severity B. consequence C. influence D. threat +mC?.B2D
6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to _____its 90,000-person workforce into independent {xf00/
microteams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions. >Q:h0b_$U
A. break out B. break off C. break from D. break down vURgR
7. Most environmental _____ from climate changes to freshwater and forest habitat loss — DB(!*6#?
have become markedly worse. 9#
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A. symptoms B. highlights C. indicators D. symbols B`:l;<&jX
8. What we call nature is, _____, the sum of the changes made by all the various creatures and -6$GM J7
natural forces in their intricate actions and influences upon each other and upon their 0wt4C% .0
places. 73JrK_h
A. in common sense B. from a sense C. by the sense D. in a sense D#gC-,
9. Although the "on line" life style has dominated the majority of city youth, most people in }=|plz}
the remote countryside still think Internet or something is ____ to their life.
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A. unconcerned B. irrelevant C. inseparable D. inaccessible 6FY.kN\
10. ____ near-perfect English language skills, the students were keen to explore every aspect L%+mD$@u
of Australian culture, from Aussie eating customs to family and student life, popular culture, #7@p
the natural landscape and the ever-popular Australian native animals L3A2A
A. Possessing B. Acquiring C. Apprehending D. Interpreting J$lfI^^
11. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the eJeL{`NS
telephone service is superb here, ____ the postal service is less efficient. 3-'3w ,
A. where B. since C. that D. whereas .y lvJ$
12. The board of directors have already discussed the subject ____ in the previous meetings :(@P
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and they will handle it in all its aspects. "BZ@m:I6hy
A. in place B. at length C. on end D. off and on "Q{l])N
13. Reflecting on our exploration, we also discovered that people will exploit the newness, nLx|$=W
vagueness, and breadth of the information Marketplace to support their wishes and Vf<q-3q
predilections, ____ they may be. /4@
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A. whatsoever B. whatever C. whichever D. which XUnw*3tPJ
14. The World Bank is taking steps to ____ its lending to reducing poverty in the Third World aNA
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Countries. _3< P(w{
A. orient B. tailor C. adapt D. adjust :(wFNK/0{
15. Total investments for this year reached $56 million, and to put this into ____ investments OzwJ 52
this year will double those made in 1997. }r@yBUW
A. sight B. vision C. perspective D. horizon %M))Ak4~a
16. The year of 776 B.C. is considered to be the founding date of the Olympic Games in boHbiE
ancient Greece. The Games lasted more than 11 centuries ____ they were banned in 393 esj6=Gh
A.D. !zllvtK4
A. when B. after C. as D. until
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17. As did his ____ Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein, and Henry Ford, Thomas Edison |:
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profoundly transformed the Western World. 6B|i-b$~
A. contemporaries B. part-owners C. companions D. accomplices ' QMcQvU
18. In a world where information is a flood — ____ to everyone, and where nothing is secret z;F HZb9t,
or proprietary — the only organizations and managers who will thrive are those who can jT}={[9b
quickly wade into the water, harness what they need, and then add value to it through k54\H.
speedy, innovative business decisions. MfHOn YV
A. acceptable B. available C. accessible D. attainable o-7{\%+M
19. The car pollutes, but advances in fuel quality and efficiency, and in microprocessed engine elQjPvb
technology, have radically cut ______. xr7}@rq"U<
A. releases B. emissions C. poisons D. >}%#s`3W1_
contamination ()bQmNqmO=
20. If humans use up too much soil - which they have often done and are doing - then they ;?tH8jf>
will starve down to the carrying capacity of their habitat. This is nature's "indifferent" PfRA\
______. HY
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A. flexibility B. justice C. plasticity D. sensibility -grmmE]/
II. Reading Comprehension (50%) }DS%?6}Sy
Directions: Read the following passages and chooses from the choices marked A, B, C, D that A,~KrRd
best complete or answer the questions after each passage. Mark your answer on the answer WA~[)S0
sheet. I
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Passage One ]tN)HRk1
Throughout the history of life, species of living creatures have made use of chemical q
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energy by the slow combination of certain chemicals with oxygen within their cells. The KR?aL:RYb
process is analogous to combustion, but is slower and much more delicately controlled. w01[oU$x=
Sometimes use is made of energy available in the bodies of stronger species as when a remora [*p;+&+/ZM
hitches a ride on a shark or a human being hitches an ox to a plough. 'g)f5n a[
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第 3 页 共 16 页 CLzF84@W=
Inanimate sources of energy are sometimes used when species allow themselves to be EQ,`6UT>
carried or moved by wind or by water currents. In those cases, though, the inanimate source of qsW&kW~
energy must be accepted at the place and time that it happens to be and in the amount that v4s4D1}
happens to exist. iv_3R}IbX
The human use of fire involved an inanimate source of energy that was portable and Es7
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could be used wherever desired. It could be ignited or extinguished at will and could be used hRX9Du`$
when desired. It could be kept small or fed till it was large, and could be used in the quantities @[9
desired. -d'FKOD
The use of fire made it possible for human beings, evolutionarily equipped for mild A?#i{R
weather only, to penetrate the temperate zones. It made it possible for them to survive cold Jw}t~m3
nights and long winters, to achieve security against fire-avoiding predators, and to roast meat 1/?Wa
and grain, thus broadening their diet and limiting the danger of bacterial and parasitic L;")C,CwQ
infestation. P_0X+Tz
Human beings multiplied in number and that meant there were more brains to plan future fDns r"T
advances. With fire, life was not quite so hand-to-mouth; and there was more time to put ASoBa&vX
those brains to work on something other than immediate emergencies. :2c(.-[`
In short, the use of fire put into motion an accelerating series of technological advances. ;W5.g8
About 10 000 years ago, in the Middle East, a series of crucial advances were made. )?SF IQ=
These included the development of agriculture, herding, cities, pottery, metallurgy, and RP~
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writing. The final step, that of writing, took place in the Middle East about 5 000 yea years [rc
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ago.
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This complex of changes stretching over a period of 5 000 years introduced what we call i`l;k~rP
civilization, the name we give to a settled life, to a complex society in which human beings kK}?NKqT
are specialized for various tasks. igTs[q=Ak
To be sure other animals can build complex societies and can be composed of different tE-bHu370
types of individuals specialized for different tasks. This is most marked in such social insects ,|$1(z*a{c
as bees, ants, and termites, where individuals are in some cases physiologically specialized to X{cB%t
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the point where they cannot eat, but must be fed by others. Some species of ants practice sSKD"
agriculture and grow small mushroom gardens, while others herd aphids; still others war on
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and enslave smaller species of ants. And, of course, the beehive and the ant or termite colony ux^rF
have many points of analogy with the human city. s~(
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The most complex nonhuman societies those of the insects, are, however, the result of .u&X:jOE
instinctive behaviour, the guidelines of which are built into the genes and nervous systems of PyI"B96gz
the individuals at birth. Nor does as any nonhuman society make use of fire. With N\]-/$ z
insignificant exceptions, insect societies are run by the energy produced by the insect body. It _8PNMbv{
is fair, then, to consider human societies as basically different from other societies and to EFtn!T
attribute what we call civilization to human societies only. w#BT/6W&G
21. Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage? 7ieAd/:_
A. The process of species' making chemical energy is similar to the process of PL31(!`@d
combustion. @>ys,dy
B. The process of species' making chemical energy is less complicated than the process of T%"wz3~
combustion. Z-}A"n
C. Fire is a portable, inanimate source of energy. h4ntjk|{i7
D. Man sometimes makes use of energy available in the bodies of stronger species. Y0Tw:1a
22. From the passage we know _______. )iC@n8f7o
A. fire made human beings free from bacterial and parasitic infestation. 3 TV4|&W;
B. fire enabled human beings to deal with immediate emergencies more efficiently. /={N^8^=x
C. fire made some animals frightened. rN .8-
D. fire helped human beings change their eating habits completely. gCRPaF6
23. Judging from the context, the phrase "hand-to-mouth" (Para 5) most probably 805oV(-
means_______. :T@} CJ
A. adventurous B. unhappy C. wandering D. unstable 2*gB ~Jn4
24. The point of similarity between a complex, human society and a complex bee society is 6h&t%T
____. T~XKV`LQ
A. the division of labor B. the use of fire
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C. the development of industry D. the development of a written language Bz%wV-
25 .According to the passage, insect societies ___. 9`H4"H>yG
A. are governed by the instincts of insects aehB,l0
B. are not fundamentally different from human societies Ui1s]R
C. are composed of individuals of the same type 1@TL
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D. are as not warlike as human beings >-3>Rjo>
Passage Two Pv)^L
Modem technology may not have improved the world all that much, but it certainly has ~GJ;;v1b2
made life noisier. Unmuffled motorcycles, blaring car alarms, and roving boom boxes come u35"oLV6}#
first, second, and third on my list of most obnoxious noise offenders, but everyone could i;Kax4k
come up with his own version of aural hell—if he could just find a quiet spot to ponder the b53s@7/mq
matter. 1IT(5Mleb
Yet what technology has done, other technology is now starting to undo, using computer X68.*VHh0
power, to zap those ear-splitting noises into silence. Previously silence-seekers had little wQ9
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recourse except to stay inside, close the windows, and plug their ears. Remedies like these are QOPh3+.5
quaintly termed “passive" systems, because they place physical barriers against the unwanted c&